US20150192016A1 - Truss eye - Google Patents
Truss eye Download PDFInfo
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- US20150192016A1 US20150192016A1 US14/591,520 US201514591520A US2015192016A1 US 20150192016 A1 US20150192016 A1 US 20150192016A1 US 201514591520 A US201514591520 A US 201514591520A US 2015192016 A1 US2015192016 A1 US 2015192016A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- eye
- truss
- base
- aperture
- wedge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/006—Lining anchored in the rock
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D17/00—Caps for supporting mine roofs
- E21D17/10—Details of mine caps for engaging the tops of pit-props, with or without retaining-plates; Retaining-plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B9/00—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle
- F16B9/05—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member
- F16B9/056—Connections of rods or tubular parts to flat surfaces at an angle by way of an intermediate member the intermediate member extending through the flat surface; the rod or tubular part extending through the flat surface
Definitions
- This disclosure relates in general to tunnel wall securement systems, methods, and devices including mine roof securement systems, methods, and devices.
- a pair of spaced—apart, inclined bar bolts also referred to herein as threadbars
- threadbars are anchored into the roof of the mine.
- Each inclined bar bolt is typically connected to a truss shoe, also called a truss bracket.
- the truss shoes which also are spaced apart due to their connection to the inclined bar bolts, are joined together by a horizontally extending coupler, also referred to herein as a tie rod.
- the coupler consists of a pair of cables and/or threaded rods, each connected to a corresponding one of the truss shoes, with the cables and/or threaded rods and joined to each other by a coupler disposed between the spaced apart truss shoes.
- the inclined bar bolts are typically installed, with the truss shoe already attached, using a bolting machine. In some circumstances, the operator may have to leave the bolting machine to adjust the truss shoe or otherwise reposition the truss shoe during the bolting operation. Further, some inclined bar bolts have hex-head ends, while others are threaded.
- a truss shoe is adapted for attachment to a particular type of inclined bar bolt.
- the truss shoe typically is adapted for attachment to a particular type of horizontal cross member, such as a dead-ended, pre-seated wedge barrel attached to a threaded cable, or to a bar cross member having an anchor nut.
- the roof truss system can include a tie rod that can be an elongate load bearing member with first and second ends, and an anchor nut.
- the anchor nut can have opposing first and second ends, a threaded aperture extending between the first and second ends, and a contact surface at the first end, which contact surface has a first dimension.
- the roof truss system can include a truss eye having a base having a first side and an opposite second side, a first hole extending through the first side of the base and towards the second side of the base, which first hole can receive and secure the first end of the tie rod, a first arm extending from a first portion of the first or second sides of the base, and a second arm extending from a second portion of the first or second sides of the base.
- the first arm connects to the second arm at a position distal from the second side of the base.
- the connected first and second arms define an eye, sized and shaped to engage with the contact surface of the anchor nut.
- the tie rod is a cable, and in some embodiments of the roof truss system, the tie rod is a bar. In some embodiments, the first end of the tie rod is secured in the first hole of the truss eye.
- the first hole of the truss eye is a threaded aperture, and in some embodiments of the roof truss system, the first hole is a tapered hole. In some embodiments, the first hole extends through the second side of the truss eye.
- the truss eye further includes a tapered wedge that can affix to the first end of the tie rod and that is sized and shaped to be retained within the first hole.
- the truss eye includes a wedge clip.
- the roof truss system can include a first hole in the roof of the mine, and in some embodiments, the threadbar can be inserted into and/or affixed within the first hole in the roof of the mine. In some embodiments, the anchor nut can be affixed to the threadbar and the interaction between the eye truss and the anchor nut can apply a load to the threadbar.
- the truss eye includes a base portion having a bottom, a base top, and a base aperture extending between the bottom and base top.
- the base aperture defines an aperture axis extending along the center-line of the base aperture.
- the truss eye can include an eye portion having a first arm distally extending from a first portion of the base, a second arm distally extending from a second portion of the base, and a connecting member connecting the distal end of the first arm to the distal end of the second arm.
- the first arm, the second arm, and the connecting member define an eye having a length along the aperture axis and a width perpendicular to the aperture axis, which length is greater than the width.
- the base aperture is threaded, and in some embodiments of the truss eye, the base aperture is tapered.
- the truss eye includes a wedge located within the base aperture.
- the wedge is tapered and includes a wedge aperture.
- the wedge is a three-piece wedge, and in some embodiments, the wedge aperture is threaded.
- the truss eye includes a wedge clip extending from the base portion and over a portion of the base aperture. In some embodiments, the truss eye can hold 10 tons, and in some embodiments, the truss eye is made of ductile iron.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of installing a roof truss system.
- the method includes creating a first hole in a roof of a mine, anchoring a threadbar within the first hole in the roof of the mine, and inserting a portion of the threadbar through an eye of a truss eye.
- the truss eye includes: a base having a first side and an opposite second side, a base aperture extending through the first side of the base and towards the second side, a first arm distally extending from a first portion of the base, and a second arm distally extending from a second portion of the base.
- the first arm connects to the second arm at a position distal from the second side of the base to thereby define the eye.
- the method includes securing the threadbar to the truss eye by attaching an anchor nut to the threadbar such that the anchor nut contacts the first and second arms of the truss eye and affixing a tie rod to the base aperture of the truss eye.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a truss eye.
- FIG. 2 is a front view of one embodiment of a truss eye.
- FIG. 3A is a top view of one embodiment of a truss eye.
- FIG. 3B is a bottom view of one embodiment of a truss eye.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wedge.
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wedge clip.
- FIG. 6A-6C depict embodiments of an integrated truss system.
- FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate one embodiment of a process for creating an integrated truss system.
- the present disclosure relates to a truss eye that can be used as a component of an integrated truss system to secure some or all of one or several walls, including a roof of a tunnel, including a mine.
- the truss eye can be used with a wide variety of threadbars and with threadbars having a variety of angular positions relative to the truss eye.
- the truss eye 100 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials, the details of several of which are discussed below.
- the truss eye 100 can be sized and shaped, and made from materials so as to hold at least 1 ton, 5 tons, 10 tons, 20 tons, 30 tons, 50 tons, 100 tons, or any other or intermediate load.
- the truss eye 100 can comprise ductile iron.
- the truss eye 100 can comprise a base portion 102 .
- the base portion 102 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials.
- the base portion 102 comprises an integral portion of the truss eye 100 and is made of the same material as the other portions of the truss eye 100 .
- the base portion 102 can have a bottom 104 located at a proximal end of the truss eye 100 and the base top 106 located at the distal boundary of the base portion 102 and sides 107 extending between the bottom 104 and the base top 106 .
- FIG. 1 the truss eye 100 can comprise a base portion 102 .
- the base portion 102 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials.
- the base portion 102 comprises an integral portion of the truss eye 100 and is made of the same material as the other portions of the truss eye 100 .
- the base portion 102 can have a bottom
- the base portion 102 is cylindrically shaped, and specifically approximates the shape of a right circular cylinder.
- the distance between the bottom 104 and base top 106 can be, for example, 0.25 inches, 0.35 inches, 0.45 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 1.71 inches, 1.75 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate distance
- the distance between the sides 107 , and/or the diameter of the base portion can be, for example, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 1.75 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate distance.
- base portion 102 can include a base aperture 108 that can extend from the bottom 104 towards the base top 106 .
- the base aperture 108 extends from the bottom 104 to the base top 106 .
- the base aperture 108 defines an aperture axis 110 that extends along the centerline of the base aperture 108 .
- the aperture axis 110 can be collinear with the centerline of the base portion 102 extending between the bottom 104 and the base top 106 , and in some embodiments, the aperture axis 110 can be non-collinear with the centerline of the base portion 102 extending between the bottom 104 and the base top 106 .
- the base aperture 108 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes.
- the base aperture 108 is a cylindrical aperture having a constant radius with respect to the aperture axis 110 along the length of the base aperture 108 .
- the radius can be, for example, 0.1 inches, 0.25 inches, 0.35 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 2 inches, or any other or intermediate measure.
- the base aperture 108 can have a varying radius with respect to the aperture axis 110 along the length of the base aperture 108 .
- the base aperture 108 can have a first radius measured with respect to the aperture axis 110 at the base top 106 that is larger than a second radius measured with respect to the aperture axis 110 at the bottom 104 .
- the base aperture 108 can comprise a frustum such as, for example, a conical frustum.
- the first radius of the base aperture 108 can be 0.25 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 0.855 inches, 1 inch, 2 inches, or any other or intermediate measure and the second radius of the base aperture 108 can be 0.1 inches, 0.25 inches, 0.35 inches, 0.355 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.9 inches, or any other or intermediate measure.
- the base aperture 108 can, in some embodiments, include features configured to allow mechanical connection with other components of an integrated truss system. In one embodiment, these features can include the above discussed frustum shape of the base aperture 108 , and in one embodiment, these features can include threads on all or portions of the base aperture 108 .
- access to the threads can be facilitated by a chamfer located at the intersection of the base aperture 108 and the bottom 104 which chamfer can be, for example, a 10 degree chamfer, a 20 degree chamfer, a 30 degree chamfer, a 40 degree chamfer, a 50 degree chamfer, a 60 degree chamfer, a 70 degree chamfer, an 80 degree chamfer, or any other or intermediate chamfer.
- chamfer located at the intersection of the base aperture 108 and the bottom 104 which chamfer can be, for example, a 10 degree chamfer, a 20 degree chamfer, a 30 degree chamfer, a 40 degree chamfer, a 50 degree chamfer, a 60 degree chamfer, a 70 degree chamfer, an 80 degree chamfer, or any other or intermediate chamfer.
- the truss eye 100 can include an eye portion 112 extending from a portion of the base portion 102 , and specifically as depicted in FIG. 1 , the eye portion 112 extends from the sides 107 of the base portion 102 of the truss eye 100 .
- the eye portion 112 can include a first member 114 and a second member 118 . As seen in FIG. 1 , the first member 114 and the second member 118 attach to the sides 107 of the base portion 102 and extend distally from the bottom 104 . As further seen FIG. 1 , the distally extending centerlines of the first and second members 114 , 116 are coplanar with each other and with the aperture axis 110 .
- the first and second members 114 , 116 are connected by connecting member 118 which is located at a distal end of the truss eye 100 .
- the connecting member 118 can be a variety of shapes and sizes.
- the connecting member 118 has a circular cross-section and forms a half annulus with the first end of the connecting member 118 extending tangentially from the distal end of the first member 114 and the second end of the connecting member 118 extending tangentially from the distal end of the second member 116 .
- the base top 106 of the base portion 102 , the first member 114 , the second member 116 , and the connecting member 118 together define an eye 120 .
- the eye 120 has a length measured along the aperture axis 110 that extends from the base top 106 to the most distal interior edge of the connecting member 118 .
- the length of the eye 120 can be, for example, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 2.5 inches, 2.6 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate length.
- the eye 120 has a width measured perpendicular to the aperture axis 110 and across the shortest distance between the interior edges of the first and second members 114 , 116 .
- the width of the eye 120 is the shortest distance between the interior edges of the first and second members 114 , 116 that connect with portions of the connecting member 118 .
- the width of the eye can be 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.25 inches, 1.35 inches, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate width.
- the length of the eye 120 can be the same as the width of the eye 120 , and in some embodiments, the length of the eye 120 can be greater than the width of the eye 120 .
- the length of the eye 120 can be 1.1 times, 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.4 times, 1.5 times, 1.75 times, 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, or any other or intermediate factor larger than the width of the eye 120 .
- FIG. 2 a front view of one embodiment of the truss eye 100 is shown.
- the truss eye 100 depicted in FIG. 2 depicts the base portion 102 , including the bottom 104 , the base top 106 , the base aperture (not shown), the centerline of which base aperture defines the aperture axis 110 , and the eye portion 112 that includes first and second members 114 , 116 and the connecting member 118 .
- the first and second members 114 , 116 and the connecting member 118 together with the base top 106 define the eye 120 .
- the first member 114 includes a first extension portion 202 and a first root 204 .
- the first root 204 connects with the sides 107 of the base portion 102 and distally extends from the base portion 102 until it connects with the first extension portion 202 of the first member 114 .
- the second member 116 includes a second extension portion 206 and a second root 208 .
- the second root 208 connects with the sides 107 of the base portion 102 and distally extends from the base portion 102 until it connects with the second extension portion 206 of the second member 116 .
- each of first and second roots 204 , 208 angularly extends from the base portion 102 of the truss eye 100 . In some embodiments, this angle can be 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, or any other or intermediate angle.
- first and second root portions 204 , 208 have constant cross sections, and in some embodiments, the first and second root portions 204 , 208 have variable cross-sections.
- first and second root portions 204 , 208 comprise a circular cross-section at the point at which the first and second root portions 204 , 208 respectively intersect with the first and second extension portions 202 , 206 , and a non-circular cross-section at other points along the first and second root portions 204 , 208 .
- the first and second root portions 204 , 208 include a taper 209 that starts at the bottom 104 of the first and second root portions 204 , 208 , decreases along the length of the first and second root portions 204 , 208 , and terminates before the intersection of the first and second root portions 204 , 208 with the first and second extension portions 202 , 206 .
- the first and second extension portions 202 , 206 can comprise a circular cross-section and can extend parallel to the aperture axis 110 .
- the diameter of the first and second extension portions can be the same as a diameter of the connecting member 118 .
- the diameter of the first and second extension portions 202 , 206 and of the connecting member 118 can be 0.25 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.15 inches, 1.25 inches, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, or any other or intermediate diameter.
- dimensions of the first and second members 114 , 116 including of the first and second extension portions 202 , 206 and the first and second roots 204 , 208 , as well as of the connecting member 118 can be selected in connection with the material of the truss eye 100 to withstand desired loads.
- the truss eye 100 can include wedge 210 .
- the wedge 210 can be configured to be received and retained within the base aperture 108 so as to allow engagement of the tie rod with the truss eye 100 via the wedge 210 and the base aperture 108 .
- the wedge 210 can, in some embodiments, be a single piece wedge, a two piece wedge, a three piece wedge, a four piece wedge, a five piece wedge, or have any other desired number of pieces.
- the retention of the wedge 210 within the base aperture 108 can be facilitated by the wedge clip 212 . Both the wedge 210 and the wedge clip 212 will be discussed in greater detail below.
- the truss eye 100 includes base portion 102 having base top 106 and sides 107 and connecting member 118 .
- the wedge clip 212 extends across a portion of the base top 106 of the base portion 102 and is retained between first and second retention features 302 , 304 each protruding from two positions on the sides 107 of the base portion 102 .
- the first and second retention features can be configured to hold the wedge clip 212 in a position to retain the wedge 210 within the base aperture 108 .
- FIG. 3A the first and second retention features can be configured to hold the wedge clip 212 in a position to retain the wedge 210 within the base aperture 108 .
- the wedge clip 212 can retain the wedge 210 within the base aperture 108 when the wedge clip 212 is distally positioned with respect to a portion of the wedge 210 .
- the wedge 210 can be located in base aperture 108 and can extend around and within the perimeter of the base aperture 108 .
- the wedge 210 depicted in FIG. 4 is a three-piece wedge.
- the wedge 210 can include a wedge top 400 , a wedge bottom 402 , and wedge sides 403 extending between the wedge top 400 and the wedge bottom 402 .
- the diameter of the wedge varies along the longitudinal axis extending between the wedge top 400 and the wedge bottom 402 .
- the rate of change of the wedge diameter corresponds to the rate of change of the radius and/or diameter of the base aperture 108 so that the wedge sides 403 mate with the walls of the base aperture 108 when the wedge 210 is positioned within the base aperture 108 .
- the wedge 210 can include a wedge aperture 404 that can extend through all or portions of the wedge between the wedge top 400 and the wedge bottom 402 .
- the wedge aperture 404 can have a constant diameter along its longitudinal axis, and in some embodiments, the diameter of the wedge aperture 404 can vary along its longitudinal axis.
- the wedge aperture 404 can include features configured to mechanically engage with and retain a tie rod, which features can include, in some embodiments, threads on all or portions of the wedge aperture 404 .
- the wedge 210 can, in some embodiments, include retention recess 406 .
- the retention recess 406 can be sized, shaped, and located on the wedge 210 to allow interaction with the wedge clip 212 to thereby retain the wedge 210 within the base aperture 108 of the truss eye 100 .
- the wedge recess 406 is a channel extending circumferentially around the outer perimeter of the wedge 210 .
- wedge clip 212 is a component of the truss eye 100 that can retain the wedge 210 within the base aperture 108 of the truss eye 100 .
- the wedge clip 212 can be a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials.
- the wedge clip 212 comprises a retainer 500 .
- the retainer 500 can be configured to interact with the wedge 210 to retain the wedge 210 within the base aperture in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 5 , the retainer 500 is configured to extend across the base top 106 of the base portion and across portions of the wedge top 400 of the wedge 210 .
- the wedge clip 212 comprises connectors 502 .
- the connectors 502 are configured for insertion into portions of the truss eye 100 to thereby connect wedge clip 212 to the truss eye 100 .
- the connectors 502 are further configured to allow movement of the wedge clip 212 between a first position in which the wedge 210 is retained within the base aperture 108 of the truss eye 100 by the wedge clip 212 and a second position in which the wedge 210 is not retained within the base aperture 108 of the truss eye 100 by the wedge clip 212 .
- the wedge clip 212 can be retained in the first position by the first and second retention features 302 , 304 .
- FIGS. 6A-6C depict different embodiments of an integrated truss system.
- the integrated truss system 600 can be used to secure all or portions of one or several walls 602 , including roofs within a tunnel, including in a mine.
- holes 604 have been made in the walls 602 .
- the holes 604 can receive components of the truss system 606 to thereby create the integrated truss system 600 .
- the truss system 606 includes a truss eye 100 , and specifically two truss eyes 100 .
- the truss eyes 100 have received, and are affixed to tie rods 608 via the base apertures 108 of the truss eyes 100 .
- the tie rods which can be any elongate load-bearing members having a first end and a second end can comprise a cable, a rod, a bar, or any other member.
- the tie rod 608 can comprise a plurality of connected members, and in some embodiments, the tie rod 608 can comprise a single member.
- the tie rod 608 comprises, a first member that is attached to a first truss eye and a second member that is attached to a second truss eye.
- the first and second members of the tie rod 608 are connected via connector 610 which can be any desired connector.
- the truss system 606 further includes a threadbar 612 that is inserted into the holes 604 of the walls 602 of the tunnel.
- the threadbar 612 can be configured for affixation to the walls 602 of the tunnel using any of a variety of known techniques including, for example, via mechanical features on the threadbar 612 , via mechanical features associated with the threadbar 612 , or via use of adhesive, resin, epoxy, or the like.
- the threadbar 612 can comprise an elongate member that can include features to allow affixation, either directly or indirectly to the truss eye 100 . In some embodiments, these features can comprise one or several threads. As seen in FIG.
- the threadbar has a first portion 612 -A that is proximate to a first end 612 -B and a second portion 612 -C that is proximate to a second end 612 -D.
- the first portion 612 -A of the threadbar 612 can be inserted into the one of the holes 604 in the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the threadbar 612 passes through the eye 120 of the truss eye 100 and is secured by the anchor nut 614 .
- the anchor nut 614 can be configured to allow attachment of the truss eye 100 to the threadbar 612 .
- the anchor nut 614 can be separate from the threadbar 612 , and in some embodiments, such as with a headed threadbar or headed rebar, the anchor nut 612 can be an integral piece of the threadbar 612 .
- the anchor nut 614 has a first end 618 (labeled in FIG. 6B ) including a contact surface 620 (labeled in FIG. 6B ) and a second end 622 (labeled in FIG. 6B ), and in some embodiments, the anchor nut 614 has a threaded aperture extending between the first and second ends.
- the contact surface has a dimension, and specifically a diameter that allows the contact surface to engage the first and second members 114 , 116 of the truss eye 100 .
- the anchor nut 614 can be tightened on the threadbar 612 against the truss eye 100 to thereby compress a portion of the truss eye 100 against the wall 602 of the tunnel and to tension the threadbar 612 .
- the anchor nut 614 can be tightened to compress a portion of the truss eye 100 by applying a torque to the anchor nut 614 , and in some embodiments, the anchor nut 614 can be tightened to compress a portion of the truss eye 100 by increasing the depth to which the first portion 612 -A extends in to the hole 614 in the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- FIGS. 6B and 6C a second embodiment of the integrated truss system 600 is shown.
- the integrated truss system 600 shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C is used to secure all or portions of one or several walls 602 , including roofs within a tunnel, including within a mine.
- holes 604 have been created in the walls 602 , which holes 604 can receive components of the truss system 606 .
- the truss system 606 can include truss eye 100 , tie rod 608 (which can include first and second members mechanically linked by connector 610 ), threadbar 612 , and anchor nuts 614 .
- the truss system 606 includes two truss eyes 100 , two threadbars 612 , a tie rod 608 , and four anchor nuts 614 .
- the truss system 606 can further include bearing plate 616 .
- the bearing plate 616 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials.
- the bearing plate 616 can be any available bearing plate having desired material and mechanical properties.
- the bearing plate 616 can include a mating surface 616 -A configured to mate and apply a force to an object such as, for example, the wall 602 of the tunnel, and an affixation surface 616 -B configured to mate with a portion of the anchor nut 614 to secure the position of the bearing plate 616 relative to the threadbar 612 .
- the threadbar 612 can extend through a portion of the bearing plate 616 such as, for example, through an aperture in the bearing plate 616 .
- the threadbar 612 extends through the bearing plate 616 and the bearing plate is positioned along the threadbar 612 and in the second portion 612 -C of the threadbar 612 .
- the bearing plate 616 can be positioned so that the mating surface 616 -A abuts the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the truss system 606 includes first anchor nuts 614 -A located at first positions on the threadbars 612 , and second anchor nuts 614 -B located at second positions on the threadbars 612 .
- the anchor nuts 614 can be placed on the threadbar 612 in any desired orientation.
- the anchor nuts 614 can be placed on the threadbar 612 such that the contact surfaces 904 of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B face in the same direction, and in some embodiments, the anchor nuts 614 can be placed on the threadbar 612 such that the contact surfaces 904 of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B face in opposite directions.
- the orientation of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B is such that the contact surfaces 904 of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B face in opposite directions and face each other.
- the truss eye 100 is intermediately positioned along the threadbar 612 at a position between the first and second positions of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B.
- portions of the truss eye 100 contact portions of both of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B
- portions of the truss eye 100 contact portions of one of the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B.
- the truss eye 100 when the second anchor nut 614 -B is in the second position, the truss eye 100 does not contact both the first anchor nut 614 -A and the second anchor nut 614 -B, but rather contacts portions of the second anchor nut 614 -B.
- FIG. 6C when the second anchor nut 614 -B is moved to a third position, the truss eye 100 contacts portions of both of the first anchor nut 614 -A and the second anchor nut 614 -B.
- tension within the tie bar 608 can be changed by moving the position of the truss eye 100 along the threadbar 612 by moving the second anchor nut 614 -B from the second position to the third position.
- FIGS. 7 through 9 one embodiment of a process for creating an integrated truss system 600 is shown.
- the process begins with the selection of a portion of the walls 602 of the tunnel for securement via the truss system 606 .
- one or several holes 604 are created in the selected wall portion. These holes 604 can be created using any desired technique including, for example, drilling or cutting.
- the process proceeds as indicated in FIG. 7 wherein the tie rod 608 is connected to the truss eye 100 .
- the tie rod 608 is connected to the truss eye 100 via the base aperture 108 of the truss eye 100 , and specifically, the tie rod 608 is connected to the wedge 210 which is retained within the base aperture 108 by the wedge clip 212 .
- the process proceeds as indicated in FIG. 8 , wherein the threadbar 612 is connected to the truss eye 100 .
- the threadbar 612 is inserted into the hole 604 in the wall 602 of the tunnel and is affixed within the hole 604 in the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the threadbar 612 is inserted through the eye 120 of the truss eye 100 .
- the threadbar 612 is tensioned as the anchor nut 614 is threaded onto the threadbar 612 and the contact portions of the anchor nut 614 interact with the first and second members 114 , 116 to thereby force a portion of the truss eye 100 against the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the anchor nut 614 is torqued to a desired torque level to achieve a desired tension in the threadbar 612 .
- the anchor nut 614 is attached to, and specifically is threaded on to the threadbar 612 , and the threadbar 612 is passed through the eye 120 of the truss eye 100 .
- the threadbar 612 is then inserted into the hole 604 in the wall 602 of the tunnel, which hole 604 can include resin or resin packets which can be, in some embodiments, mixed or unmixed resin or resin packets.
- a bar spinner can be used to engage the threadbar 612 and to rotate the threadbar 612 to thereby mix the resin and/or resin packets.
- the threadbar 612 can be held in a desired position until the resin hardens.
- the threadbar 612 can be held in the hole 604 such that a portion of the truss eye 100 engages a portion of the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the first anchor nut 614 -A is attached to, and specifically is threaded onto the threadbar 612 and the threadbar 612 is passed through a portion of the bearing plate 616 such as, for example, the aperture of the bearing plate 616 .
- the threadbar is then inserted into the hole 604 in the wall 602 of the tunnel, which hole 604 can include resin or resin packets which can be, in some embodiments, mixed or unmixed resin or resin packets.
- a bar spinner can be used to engage the threadbar 612 and to rotate the threadbar 612 to thereby mix the resin and/or resin packets.
- the threadbar 612 can be held in a desired position until the resin hardens.
- the threadbar 612 can be held in the hole 604 such that a portion of the bearing plate 616 , and specifically the mating surface 616 -A, engages a portion of the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the threadbar 612 can be additionally passed through the eye 120 of the truss eye 100 either before or after the threadbar 612 is inserted into, and affixed within the hole 604 in the wall 602 of the tunnel.
- the second anchor nut 614 -B can be positioned in the second position on the threadbar 612 .
- the process proceeds as indicated in FIG. 9 wherein the tie rod 608 is tightened to a desired tension.
- the tie rod 608 can be tightened to the desired tension by a tensioner that can apply a desired tension to the tie rod 608 .
- the connector 610 can be configured to engage with the tensioned tie rod 608 to secure the position of the tie rod 608 with respect to the connector 610 .
- the tie rod 608 can be tensioned by a combination of removing the slack in the tie rod 608 and thereby bringing the tie rod 608 to a first tension and then adjusting the tension in the tie rod 608 to a second tension.
- the second anchor nut 614 -B can be moved from the second position to the third position. This movement can, when the threadbar 612 angles away from the tie rod 608 as depicted in FIGS. 6A-6C , increase the tension within the tie rod 608 .
- the second anchor nut 614 -B reaches the third position when the tension within the tie rod 608 reaches a desired level, which desired level can be manifest, for example, by a torque applied to the second anchor nut 614 -B, or when the truss eye 100 contacts both the first and second anchor nuts 614 -A, 614 -B.
- additional portions of the walls 602 can be selected for placement of additional truss systems 606 , and the above outlined steps can be repeated.
- FIGS. 7-9 may be described as a process which is depicted in FIGS. 7-9 . Although a depiction may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure.
Abstract
Description
- This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/924,598, filed Jan. 7, 2014, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entireties and for all purposes.
- This disclosure relates in general to tunnel wall securement systems, methods, and devices including mine roof securement systems, methods, and devices.
- In mining operations, bolts are often used to support the roof of the mine. In some applications, a pair of spaced—apart, inclined bar bolts, also referred to herein as threadbars, are anchored into the roof of the mine. Each inclined bar bolt is typically connected to a truss shoe, also called a truss bracket. The truss shoes, which also are spaced apart due to their connection to the inclined bar bolts, are joined together by a horizontally extending coupler, also referred to herein as a tie rod. Typically, the coupler consists of a pair of cables and/or threaded rods, each connected to a corresponding one of the truss shoes, with the cables and/or threaded rods and joined to each other by a coupler disposed between the spaced apart truss shoes.
- Certain considerations may be faced when installing a mine roof truss. For example, the inclined bar bolts are typically installed, with the truss shoe already attached, using a bolting machine. In some circumstances, the operator may have to leave the bolting machine to adjust the truss shoe or otherwise reposition the truss shoe during the bolting operation. Further, some inclined bar bolts have hex-head ends, while others are threaded. Typically, a truss shoe is adapted for attachment to a particular type of inclined bar bolt. Moreover, the truss shoe typically is adapted for attachment to a particular type of horizontal cross member, such as a dead-ended, pre-seated wedge barrel attached to a threaded cable, or to a bar cross member having an anchor nut.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a roof truss system for supporting a roof of a mine. The roof truss system can include a tie rod that can be an elongate load bearing member with first and second ends, and an anchor nut. The anchor nut can have opposing first and second ends, a threaded aperture extending between the first and second ends, and a contact surface at the first end, which contact surface has a first dimension. In some embodiments, the roof truss system can include a truss eye having a base having a first side and an opposite second side, a first hole extending through the first side of the base and towards the second side of the base, which first hole can receive and secure the first end of the tie rod, a first arm extending from a first portion of the first or second sides of the base, and a second arm extending from a second portion of the first or second sides of the base. In some embodiments, the first arm connects to the second arm at a position distal from the second side of the base. In some embodiments, the connected first and second arms define an eye, sized and shaped to engage with the contact surface of the anchor nut.
- In some embodiments of the roof truss system, the tie rod is a cable, and in some embodiments of the roof truss system, the tie rod is a bar. In some embodiments, the first end of the tie rod is secured in the first hole of the truss eye.
- In some embodiments of the roof truss system, the first hole of the truss eye is a threaded aperture, and in some embodiments of the roof truss system, the first hole is a tapered hole. In some embodiments, the first hole extends through the second side of the truss eye.
- In some embodiments of the roof truss system, the truss eye further includes a tapered wedge that can affix to the first end of the tie rod and that is sized and shaped to be retained within the first hole. In some embodiments, the truss eye includes a wedge clip.
- The roof truss system can include a first hole in the roof of the mine, and in some embodiments, the threadbar can be inserted into and/or affixed within the first hole in the roof of the mine. In some embodiments, the anchor nut can be affixed to the threadbar and the interaction between the eye truss and the anchor nut can apply a load to the threadbar.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a truss eye. The truss eye includes a base portion having a bottom, a base top, and a base aperture extending between the bottom and base top. In some embodiments, the base aperture defines an aperture axis extending along the center-line of the base aperture. The truss eye can include an eye portion having a first arm distally extending from a first portion of the base, a second arm distally extending from a second portion of the base, and a connecting member connecting the distal end of the first arm to the distal end of the second arm. In some embodiments, the first arm, the second arm, and the connecting member define an eye having a length along the aperture axis and a width perpendicular to the aperture axis, which length is greater than the width.
- In some embodiments of the truss eye, the base aperture is threaded, and in some embodiments of the truss eye, the base aperture is tapered. In some embodiments, the truss eye includes a wedge located within the base aperture. In some embodiments, the wedge is tapered and includes a wedge aperture. In some embodiments, the wedge is a three-piece wedge, and in some embodiments, the wedge aperture is threaded.
- In some embodiments, the truss eye includes a wedge clip extending from the base portion and over a portion of the base aperture. In some embodiments, the truss eye can hold 10 tons, and in some embodiments, the truss eye is made of ductile iron.
- Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of installing a roof truss system. The method includes creating a first hole in a roof of a mine, anchoring a threadbar within the first hole in the roof of the mine, and inserting a portion of the threadbar through an eye of a truss eye. In some embodiments, the truss eye includes: a base having a first side and an opposite second side, a base aperture extending through the first side of the base and towards the second side, a first arm distally extending from a first portion of the base, and a second arm distally extending from a second portion of the base. In some embodiments, the first arm connects to the second arm at a position distal from the second side of the base to thereby define the eye. In some embodiments, the method includes securing the threadbar to the truss eye by attaching an anchor nut to the threadbar such that the anchor nut contacts the first and second arms of the truss eye and affixing a tie rod to the base aperture of the truss eye.
- Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating various embodiments, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to necessarily limit the scope of the disclosure.
-
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a truss eye. -
FIG. 2 is a front view of one embodiment of a truss eye. -
FIG. 3A is a top view of one embodiment of a truss eye. -
FIG. 3B is a bottom view of one embodiment of a truss eye. -
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wedge. -
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a wedge clip. -
FIG. 6A-6C depict embodiments of an integrated truss system. -
FIGS. 7 through 9 illustrate one embodiment of a process for creating an integrated truss system. - In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Where the reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
- In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a truss eye that can be used as a component of an integrated truss system to secure some or all of one or several walls, including a roof of a tunnel, including a mine. Advantageously, the truss eye can be used with a wide variety of threadbars and with threadbars having a variety of angular positions relative to the truss eye.
- With reference now to
FIG. 1 , a perspective view of one embodiment of atruss eye 100 is shown. Thetruss eye 100 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials, the details of several of which are discussed below. In some embodiments, thetruss eye 100 can be sized and shaped, and made from materials so as to hold at least 1 ton, 5 tons, 10 tons, 20 tons, 30 tons, 50 tons, 100 tons, or any other or intermediate load. In some embodiments, for example, thetruss eye 100 can comprise ductile iron. - As depicted in
FIG. 1 , thetruss eye 100 can comprise abase portion 102. Thebase portion 102 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials. In some embodiments, thebase portion 102 comprises an integral portion of thetruss eye 100 and is made of the same material as the other portions of thetruss eye 100. Thebase portion 102 can have a bottom 104 located at a proximal end of thetruss eye 100 and the base top 106 located at the distal boundary of thebase portion 102 andsides 107 extending between the bottom 104 and thebase top 106. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 1 , thebase portion 102 is cylindrically shaped, and specifically approximates the shape of a right circular cylinder. In some embodiments, the distance between the bottom 104 and base top 106 can be, for example, 0.25 inches, 0.35 inches, 0.45 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 1.71 inches, 1.75 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate distance, and the distance between thesides 107, and/or the diameter of the base portion can be, for example, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 1.75 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate distance. - As seen in
FIG. 1 ,base portion 102 can include abase aperture 108 that can extend from the bottom 104 towards thebase top 106. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 1 , thebase aperture 108 extends from the bottom 104 to thebase top 106. As further seen inFIG. 1 , thebase aperture 108 defines anaperture axis 110 that extends along the centerline of thebase aperture 108. In some embodiments, theaperture axis 110 can be collinear with the centerline of thebase portion 102 extending between the bottom 104 and the base top 106, and in some embodiments, theaperture axis 110 can be non-collinear with the centerline of thebase portion 102 extending between the bottom 104 and thebase top 106. - The
base aperture 108 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes. In some embodiments, thebase aperture 108 is a cylindrical aperture having a constant radius with respect to theaperture axis 110 along the length of thebase aperture 108. In some embodiments in which thebase aperture 108 has a constant radius with respect to theaperture axis 110 along the length of thebase aperture 108, the radius can be, for example, 0.1 inches, 0.25 inches, 0.35 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 2 inches, or any other or intermediate measure. - In some embodiments, the
base aperture 108 can have a varying radius with respect to theaperture axis 110 along the length of thebase aperture 108. In some embodiments, for example, thebase aperture 108 can have a first radius measured with respect to theaperture axis 110 at the base top 106 that is larger than a second radius measured with respect to theaperture axis 110 at the bottom 104. In such an embodiment, thebase aperture 108 can comprise a frustum such as, for example, a conical frustum. In one embodiment in which thebase aperture 108 comprises a conical frustum, the first radius of thebase aperture 108 can be 0.25 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 0.855 inches, 1 inch, 2 inches, or any other or intermediate measure and the second radius of thebase aperture 108 can be 0.1 inches, 0.25 inches, 0.35 inches, 0.355 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.9 inches, or any other or intermediate measure. - The
base aperture 108 can, in some embodiments, include features configured to allow mechanical connection with other components of an integrated truss system. In one embodiment, these features can include the above discussed frustum shape of thebase aperture 108, and in one embodiment, these features can include threads on all or portions of thebase aperture 108. In one embodiment, access to the threads can be facilitated by a chamfer located at the intersection of thebase aperture 108 and the bottom 104 which chamfer can be, for example, a 10 degree chamfer, a 20 degree chamfer, a 30 degree chamfer, a 40 degree chamfer, a 50 degree chamfer, a 60 degree chamfer, a 70 degree chamfer, an 80 degree chamfer, or any other or intermediate chamfer. - The
truss eye 100 can include aneye portion 112 extending from a portion of thebase portion 102, and specifically as depicted inFIG. 1 , theeye portion 112 extends from thesides 107 of thebase portion 102 of thetruss eye 100. Theeye portion 112 can include afirst member 114 and asecond member 118. As seen inFIG. 1 , thefirst member 114 and thesecond member 118 attach to thesides 107 of thebase portion 102 and extend distally from the bottom 104. As further seenFIG. 1 , the distally extending centerlines of the first andsecond members aperture axis 110. - As further seen in
FIG. 1 , the first andsecond members member 118 which is located at a distal end of thetruss eye 100. In some embodiments, the connectingmember 118 can be a variety of shapes and sizes. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 1 , the connectingmember 118 has a circular cross-section and forms a half annulus with the first end of the connectingmember 118 extending tangentially from the distal end of thefirst member 114 and the second end of the connectingmember 118 extending tangentially from the distal end of thesecond member 116. - In some embodiments, the
base top 106 of thebase portion 102, thefirst member 114, thesecond member 116, and the connectingmember 118 together define aneye 120. Theeye 120 has a length measured along theaperture axis 110 that extends from the base top 106 to the most distal interior edge of the connectingmember 118. In some embodiments, the length of theeye 120 can be, for example, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 2.5 inches, 2.6 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate length. In some embodiments, theeye 120 has a width measured perpendicular to theaperture axis 110 and across the shortest distance between the interior edges of the first andsecond members eye 120 is the shortest distance between the interior edges of the first andsecond members member 118. The width of the eye can be 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.25 inches, 1.35 inches, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, 10 inches, or any other or intermediate width. In some embodiments, the length of theeye 120 can be the same as the width of theeye 120, and in some embodiments, the length of theeye 120 can be greater than the width of theeye 120. In some embodiments, for example, the length of theeye 120 can be 1.1 times, 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.4 times, 1.5 times, 1.75 times, 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, or any other or intermediate factor larger than the width of theeye 120. - With reference now to
FIG. 2 , a front view of one embodiment of thetruss eye 100 is shown. Thetruss eye 100 depicted inFIG. 2 depicts thebase portion 102, including the bottom 104, the base top 106, the base aperture (not shown), the centerline of which base aperture defines theaperture axis 110, and theeye portion 112 that includes first andsecond members member 118. The first andsecond members member 118 together with the base top 106 define theeye 120. As seen inFIG. 2 , thefirst member 114 includes afirst extension portion 202 and afirst root 204. Thefirst root 204 connects with thesides 107 of thebase portion 102 and distally extends from thebase portion 102 until it connects with thefirst extension portion 202 of thefirst member 114. Similarly, thesecond member 116 includes asecond extension portion 206 and asecond root 208. Thesecond root 208 connects with thesides 107 of thebase portion 102 and distally extends from thebase portion 102 until it connects with thesecond extension portion 206 of thesecond member 116. As seen inFIG. 2 , each of first andsecond roots base portion 102 of thetruss eye 100. In some embodiments, this angle can be 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, or any other or intermediate angle. - In some embodiments, the first and
second root portions second root portions second root portions second root portions second extension portions second root portions second root portions taper 209 that starts at the bottom 104 of the first andsecond root portions second root portions second root portions second extension portions - In some embodiments, the first and
second extension portions aperture axis 110. In some embodiments, the diameter of the first and second extension portions can be the same as a diameter of the connectingmember 118. In one such embodiment, for example, the diameter of the first andsecond extension portions member 118 can be 0.25 inches, 0.5 inches, 0.75 inches, 1 inch, 1.15 inches, 1.25 inches, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches, 5 inches, or any other or intermediate diameter. In some embodiments, dimensions of the first andsecond members second extension portions second roots member 118, can be selected in connection with the material of thetruss eye 100 to withstand desired loads. - In some embodiments, and as seen in
FIG. 2 , thetruss eye 100 can includewedge 210. In some embodiments, thewedge 210 can be configured to be received and retained within thebase aperture 108 so as to allow engagement of the tie rod with thetruss eye 100 via thewedge 210 and thebase aperture 108. Thewedge 210 can, in some embodiments, be a single piece wedge, a two piece wedge, a three piece wedge, a four piece wedge, a five piece wedge, or have any other desired number of pieces. In some embodiments, the retention of thewedge 210 within thebase aperture 108 can be facilitated by thewedge clip 212. Both thewedge 210 and thewedge clip 212 will be discussed in greater detail below. - With reference now to
FIGS. 3A and 3B , top and bottom views of thetruss eye 100 are shown. As seen in the top view shown inFIG. 3A , thetruss eye 100 includesbase portion 102 having base top 106 andsides 107 and connectingmember 118. As further seen inFIG. 3A , thewedge clip 212 extends across a portion of thebase top 106 of thebase portion 102 and is retained between first and second retention features 302, 304 each protruding from two positions on thesides 107 of thebase portion 102. In some embodiments, the first and second retention features can be configured to hold thewedge clip 212 in a position to retain thewedge 210 within thebase aperture 108. In one embodiment, and as seen inFIG. 2 , thewedge clip 212 can retain thewedge 210 within thebase aperture 108 when thewedge clip 212 is distally positioned with respect to a portion of thewedge 210. As seen in the bottom view shown inFIG. 3B , thewedge 210 can be located inbase aperture 108 and can extend around and within the perimeter of thebase aperture 108. - With reference now to
FIG. 4 , a perspective view of one embodiment of thewedge 210 is shown. Thewedge 210 depicted inFIG. 4 is a three-piece wedge. Thewedge 210 can include awedge top 400, awedge bottom 402, andwedge sides 403 extending between thewedge top 400 and thewedge bottom 402. As seen inFIG. 4 , in some embodiments, the diameter of the wedge varies along the longitudinal axis extending between thewedge top 400 and thewedge bottom 402. In some embodiments, the rate of change of the wedge diameter corresponds to the rate of change of the radius and/or diameter of thebase aperture 108 so that the wedge sides 403 mate with the walls of thebase aperture 108 when thewedge 210 is positioned within thebase aperture 108. - In some embodiments, and as further depicted in
FIG. 4 , thewedge 210 can include awedge aperture 404 that can extend through all or portions of the wedge between thewedge top 400 and thewedge bottom 402. In some embodiments, thewedge aperture 404 can have a constant diameter along its longitudinal axis, and in some embodiments, the diameter of thewedge aperture 404 can vary along its longitudinal axis. In some embodiments, thewedge aperture 404 can include features configured to mechanically engage with and retain a tie rod, which features can include, in some embodiments, threads on all or portions of thewedge aperture 404. - The
wedge 210 can, in some embodiments, includeretention recess 406. Theretention recess 406 can be sized, shaped, and located on thewedge 210 to allow interaction with thewedge clip 212 to thereby retain thewedge 210 within thebase aperture 108 of thetruss eye 100. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 4 , thewedge recess 406 is a channel extending circumferentially around the outer perimeter of thewedge 210. - With respect now to
FIG. 5 , a perspective view of one embodiment of thewedge clip 212 shown. As discussed above,wedge clip 212 is a component of thetruss eye 100 that can retain thewedge 210 within thebase aperture 108 of thetruss eye 100. Thewedge clip 212 can be a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 5 , thewedge clip 212 comprises aretainer 500. Theretainer 500 can be configured to interact with thewedge 210 to retain thewedge 210 within the base aperture in the embodiment depicted inFIG. 5 , theretainer 500 is configured to extend across thebase top 106 of the base portion and across portions of thewedge top 400 of thewedge 210. - As further depicted in
FIG. 5 , thewedge clip 212 comprisesconnectors 502. Theconnectors 502 are configured for insertion into portions of thetruss eye 100 to thereby connectwedge clip 212 to thetruss eye 100. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 5 , theconnectors 502 are further configured to allow movement of thewedge clip 212 between a first position in which thewedge 210 is retained within thebase aperture 108 of thetruss eye 100 by thewedge clip 212 and a second position in which thewedge 210 is not retained within thebase aperture 108 of thetruss eye 100 by thewedge clip 212. In the embodiments depicted inFIGS. 3A and 3B , thewedge clip 212 can be retained in the first position by the first and second retention features 302, 304. -
FIGS. 6A-6C depict different embodiments of an integrated truss system. With reference now toFIG. 6A , one embodiment of anintegrated truss system 600 is shown. Theintegrated truss system 600 can be used to secure all or portions of one orseveral walls 602, including roofs within a tunnel, including in a mine. As seen inFIG. 6A , holes 604 have been made in thewalls 602. In some embodiments, theholes 604 can receive components of thetruss system 606 to thereby create theintegrated truss system 600. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 6A , thetruss system 606 includes atruss eye 100, and specifically twotruss eyes 100. Thetruss eyes 100 have received, and are affixed to tierods 608 via thebase apertures 108 of thetruss eyes 100. The tie rods, which can be any elongate load-bearing members having a first end and a second end can comprise a cable, a rod, a bar, or any other member. In some embodiments, thetie rod 608 can comprise a plurality of connected members, and in some embodiments, thetie rod 608 can comprise a single member. As specifically seen inFIG. 6A thetie rod 608 comprises, a first member that is attached to a first truss eye and a second member that is attached to a second truss eye. The first and second members of thetie rod 608 are connected viaconnector 610 which can be any desired connector. - The
truss system 606 further includes athreadbar 612 that is inserted into theholes 604 of thewalls 602 of the tunnel. Thethreadbar 612 can be configured for affixation to thewalls 602 of the tunnel using any of a variety of known techniques including, for example, via mechanical features on thethreadbar 612, via mechanical features associated with thethreadbar 612, or via use of adhesive, resin, epoxy, or the like. Thethreadbar 612 can comprise an elongate member that can include features to allow affixation, either directly or indirectly to thetruss eye 100. In some embodiments, these features can comprise one or several threads. As seen inFIG. 6A , the threadbar has a first portion 612-A that is proximate to a first end 612-B and a second portion 612-C that is proximate to a second end 612-D. As further seen inFIG. 6A , in some embodiments, the first portion 612-A of thethreadbar 612 can be inserted into the one of theholes 604 in thewall 602 of the tunnel. - As depicted in
FIG. 6A , the threadbar 612 passes through theeye 120 of thetruss eye 100 and is secured by theanchor nut 614. Theanchor nut 614 can be configured to allow attachment of thetruss eye 100 to thethreadbar 612. In some embodiments, theanchor nut 614 can be separate from thethreadbar 612, and in some embodiments, such as with a headed threadbar or headed rebar, theanchor nut 612 can be an integral piece of thethreadbar 612. - The
anchor nut 614 has a first end 618 (labeled inFIG. 6B ) including a contact surface 620 (labeled inFIG. 6B ) and a second end 622 (labeled inFIG. 6B ), and in some embodiments, theanchor nut 614 has a threaded aperture extending between the first and second ends. In some embodiments, the contact surface has a dimension, and specifically a diameter that allows the contact surface to engage the first andsecond members truss eye 100. Theanchor nut 614 can be tightened on thethreadbar 612 against thetruss eye 100 to thereby compress a portion of thetruss eye 100 against thewall 602 of the tunnel and to tension thethreadbar 612. In some embodiments, theanchor nut 614 can be tightened to compress a portion of thetruss eye 100 by applying a torque to theanchor nut 614, and in some embodiments, theanchor nut 614 can be tightened to compress a portion of thetruss eye 100 by increasing the depth to which the first portion 612-A extends in to thehole 614 in thewall 602 of the tunnel. - With reference now to
FIGS. 6B and 6C , a second embodiment of theintegrated truss system 600 is shown. Theintegrated truss system 600 shown inFIGS. 6B and 6C is used to secure all or portions of one orseveral walls 602, including roofs within a tunnel, including within a mine. As seen inFIGS. 6B and 6C , holes 604 have been created in thewalls 602, which holes 604 can receive components of thetruss system 606. Thetruss system 606 can includetruss eye 100, tie rod 608 (which can include first and second members mechanically linked by connector 610),threadbar 612, and anchor nuts 614. In some embodiments, and specifically as depicted inFIGS. 6B and 6C , thetruss system 606 includes twotruss eyes 100, twothreadbars 612, atie rod 608, and four anchor nuts 614. - In some embodiments, the
truss system 606 can further include bearingplate 616. The bearingplate 616 can comprise a variety of shapes and sizes and can be made from a variety of materials. In some embodiments, the bearingplate 616 can be any available bearing plate having desired material and mechanical properties. The bearingplate 616 can include a mating surface 616-A configured to mate and apply a force to an object such as, for example, thewall 602 of the tunnel, and an affixation surface 616-B configured to mate with a portion of theanchor nut 614 to secure the position of thebearing plate 616 relative to thethreadbar 612. As seen, thethreadbar 612 can extend through a portion of thebearing plate 616 such as, for example, through an aperture in thebearing plate 616. In the embodiments depicted inFIGS. 6B and 6C , thethreadbar 612 extends through thebearing plate 616 and the bearing plate is positioned along thethreadbar 612 and in the second portion 612-C of thethreadbar 612. In some embodiments, the bearingplate 616 can be positioned so that the mating surface 616-A abuts thewall 602 of the tunnel. - In the embodiments depicted in
FIGS. 6B and 6C , thetruss system 606 includes first anchor nuts 614-A located at first positions on thethreadbars 612, and second anchor nuts 614-B located at second positions on thethreadbars 612. Theanchor nuts 614 can be placed on thethreadbar 612 in any desired orientation. In some embodiments, theanchor nuts 614 can be placed on thethreadbar 612 such that the contact surfaces 904 of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B face in the same direction, and in some embodiments, theanchor nuts 614 can be placed on thethreadbar 612 such that the contact surfaces 904 of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B face in opposite directions. As seen inFIGS. 6B and 6C , the orientation of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B is such that the contact surfaces 904 of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B face in opposite directions and face each other. - As further seen in
FIGS. 6B and 6C , thetruss eye 100 is intermediately positioned along thethreadbar 612 at a position between the first and second positions of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B. In some embodiments, when the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B are in the first and second positions respectively, portions of thetruss eye 100 contact portions of both of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B, and in some embodiments, when the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B are in the first and second positions respectively, portions of thetruss eye 100 contact portions of one of the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 6B , when the second anchor nut 614-B is in the second position, thetruss eye 100 does not contact both the first anchor nut 614-A and the second anchor nut 614-B, but rather contacts portions of the second anchor nut 614-B. However, as seen inFIG. 6C , when the second anchor nut 614-B is moved to a third position, thetruss eye 100 contacts portions of both of the first anchor nut 614-A and the second anchor nut 614-B. In some embodiments, advantageously, tension within thetie bar 608 can be changed by moving the position of thetruss eye 100 along thethreadbar 612 by moving the second anchor nut 614-B from the second position to the third position. - With reference now to
FIGS. 7 through 9 , one embodiment of a process for creating anintegrated truss system 600 is shown. The process begins with the selection of a portion of thewalls 602 of the tunnel for securement via thetruss system 606. After the portion of thewall 602 has been selected, one orseveral holes 604 are created in the selected wall portion. Theseholes 604 can be created using any desired technique including, for example, drilling or cutting. - After the
holes 604 have been created in thewalls 602 of the tunnel, the process proceeds as indicated inFIG. 7 wherein thetie rod 608 is connected to thetruss eye 100. In the embodiment depicted inFIG. 7 , thetie rod 608 is connected to thetruss eye 100 via thebase aperture 108 of thetruss eye 100, and specifically, thetie rod 608 is connected to thewedge 210 which is retained within thebase aperture 108 by thewedge clip 212. - The process proceeds as indicated in
FIG. 8 , wherein thethreadbar 612 is connected to thetruss eye 100. Specifically, thethreadbar 612 is inserted into thehole 604 in thewall 602 of the tunnel and is affixed within thehole 604 in thewall 602 of the tunnel. In some embodiments, thethreadbar 612 is inserted through theeye 120 of thetruss eye 100. Thethreadbar 612 is tensioned as theanchor nut 614 is threaded onto thethreadbar 612 and the contact portions of theanchor nut 614 interact with the first andsecond members truss eye 100 against thewall 602 of the tunnel. Theanchor nut 614 is torqued to a desired torque level to achieve a desired tension in thethreadbar 612. - In one embodiment, for example, the
anchor nut 614 is attached to, and specifically is threaded on to thethreadbar 612, and thethreadbar 612 is passed through theeye 120 of thetruss eye 100. Thethreadbar 612 is then inserted into thehole 604 in thewall 602 of the tunnel, which hole 604 can include resin or resin packets which can be, in some embodiments, mixed or unmixed resin or resin packets. In some embodiments, a bar spinner can be used to engage thethreadbar 612 and to rotate thethreadbar 612 to thereby mix the resin and/or resin packets. After the resin and/or resin packets have been mixed, thethreadbar 612, and thereby also the attachedanchor nut 614 andtruss eye 100 can be held in a desired position until the resin hardens. In one embodiment, for example, thethreadbar 612 can be held in thehole 604 such that a portion of thetruss eye 100 engages a portion of thewall 602 of the tunnel. - In one embodiments for example, the first anchor nut 614-A is attached to, and specifically is threaded onto the
threadbar 612 and thethreadbar 612 is passed through a portion of thebearing plate 616 such as, for example, the aperture of thebearing plate 616. The threadbar is then inserted into thehole 604 in thewall 602 of the tunnel, which hole 604 can include resin or resin packets which can be, in some embodiments, mixed or unmixed resin or resin packets. In some embodiments, a bar spinner can be used to engage thethreadbar 612 and to rotate thethreadbar 612 to thereby mix the resin and/or resin packets. After the resin and/or resin packets have been mixed, thethreadbar 612, and thereby also the attachedanchor nut 614 and bearingplate 616 can be held in a desired position until the resin hardens. In one embodiment, for example, thethreadbar 612 can be held in thehole 604 such that a portion of thebearing plate 616, and specifically the mating surface 616-A, engages a portion of thewall 602 of the tunnel. In such an embodiment, thethreadbar 612 can be additionally passed through theeye 120 of thetruss eye 100 either before or after thethreadbar 612 is inserted into, and affixed within thehole 604 in thewall 602 of the tunnel. In some such embodiments, after the threadbar has been passed through theeye 120 of thetruss eye 100, the second anchor nut 614-B can be positioned in the second position on thethreadbar 612. - After the
threadbar 612 has been connected to thetruss eye 100, the process proceeds as indicated inFIG. 9 wherein thetie rod 608 is tightened to a desired tension. In some embodiments, thetie rod 608 can be tightened to the desired tension by a tensioner that can apply a desired tension to thetie rod 608. In some embodiments, theconnector 610 can be configured to engage with thetensioned tie rod 608 to secure the position of thetie rod 608 with respect to theconnector 610. - In some embodiments, the
tie rod 608 can be tensioned by a combination of removing the slack in thetie rod 608 and thereby bringing thetie rod 608 to a first tension and then adjusting the tension in thetie rod 608 to a second tension. In such an embodiment, after the tension in thetie rod 608 has reached the first tension, the second anchor nut 614-B can be moved from the second position to the third position. This movement can, when the threadbar 612 angles away from thetie rod 608 as depicted inFIGS. 6A-6C , increase the tension within thetie rod 608. In some embodiments, the second anchor nut 614-B reaches the third position when the tension within thetie rod 608 reaches a desired level, which desired level can be manifest, for example, by a torque applied to the second anchor nut 614-B, or when thetruss eye 100 contacts both the first and second anchor nuts 614-A, 614-B. - In some embodiments, additional portions of the
walls 602 can be selected for placement ofadditional truss systems 606, and the above outlined steps can be repeated. - A number of variations and modifications of the disclosed embodiments can also be used. Specific details are given in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is understood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known components may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
- Also, it is noted that the embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted in
FIGS. 7-9 . Although a depiction may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure. - The above description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form described, and many modifications and variations are possible in light of the teaching above. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Thus, it will be appreciated that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/591,520 US20150192016A1 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2015-01-07 | Truss eye |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201461924598P | 2014-01-07 | 2014-01-07 | |
US14/591,520 US20150192016A1 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2015-01-07 | Truss eye |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20150192016A1 true US20150192016A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
Family
ID=53494775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US14/591,520 Abandoned US20150192016A1 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2015-01-07 | Truss eye |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150192016A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109441500A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-08 | 山东新阳能源有限公司 | A kind of girder truss advanced stand device and method for protecting support |
NO20210879A1 (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-09 | Tunnelsupply As | Struts for supporting bolts when fitting in tunnels and rock spaces and method for mounting the struts |
CN117145526A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Constant-resistance large-deformation truss anchor cable supporting device |
-
2015
- 2015-01-07 US US14/591,520 patent/US20150192016A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109441500A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-08 | 山东新阳能源有限公司 | A kind of girder truss advanced stand device and method for protecting support |
NO20210879A1 (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2023-01-09 | Tunnelsupply As | Struts for supporting bolts when fitting in tunnels and rock spaces and method for mounting the struts |
CN117145526A (en) * | 2023-10-31 | 2023-12-01 | 华能煤炭技术研究有限公司 | Constant-resistance large-deformation truss anchor cable supporting device |
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Owner name: DSI SYSTEMS UNDERGROUND, INC., UTAH Free format text: CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF ASSIGNEE PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 035144 FRAME: 0081. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT;ASSIGNORS:OLER, MARC RENN;JENKEL, DAVID ALLAN;SIGNING DATES FROM 20140221 TO 20140225;REEL/FRAME:035276/0141 |
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Owner name: FCI HOLDINGS DELAWARE, INC., PENNSYLVANIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:DSI UNDERGROUND SYSTEMS, LLC;REEL/FRAME:038986/0001 Effective date: 20160613 |
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