CN109535381A - 一种低voc聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺 - Google Patents

一种低voc聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺 Download PDF

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CN109535381A
CN109535381A CN201811490331.2A CN201811490331A CN109535381A CN 109535381 A CN109535381 A CN 109535381A CN 201811490331 A CN201811490331 A CN 201811490331A CN 109535381 A CN109535381 A CN 109535381A
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manufacture craft
parts
mdi
oil
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韩生
陈凤飞
王威
薛原
蔺华林
蒋继波
余焓
黄燕山
卢德力
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Shanghai Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于高分子材料技术领域，具体为一种低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺。聚氨酯软质汽车仪表板由A料与B料为原料制作而成。A料由聚醚多元醇、植物油、叔胺类催化剂、硅油、扩链剂和水组成，B料由液化MDI和粗MDI组成。本发明的聚氨酯组合料选用低挥发、反应型原料；该生产方法不仅简单易实施，而且具有环保、无污染等优点。所制备的仪表板在不影响其他性能的前提下，降低了挥发性有机物的含量，满足中高端汽车市场对聚氨酯低VOC汽车仪表板的要求。

Description

一种低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺
技术领域
本发明属于高分子技术领域，涉及聚氨酯汽车仪表盘的制备技术领域，具体涉及一种低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提升，国内汽车行业迅猛发展，中高端车辆的需求量急剧增加，国内传统聚氨酯工艺制作的仪表台已无法满这些车辆的装饰需求；而从国外进口的车辆仪表台费用昂贵，后续维护费用也高。因此，国产化中高端客车仪表台的研制开发已提到当前国内汽车发展的议事日程。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种工艺简单、安全环保的低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表台的制作工艺。
为实现以上目的，本发明的技术解决方案如下。
一种低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺，按重量份数计，其原料配方如下：聚醚多元醇80～85份、植物油1～2份、叔胺类催化剂0.1～0.3份、硅油0.5～1.5份、水1.5～2.5份、扩链剂10～15份、粗MDI 50～70份、液化MDI 15～40份；其制备工艺包括以下步骤：
①A料的准备：向聚醚多元醇中，加入植物油、叔胺类催化剂、水、硅油和扩链剂，加完后控制转速为40～80rpm/min，搅拌混合40～60min，即得A料；
②B料的准备：将液化MDI与粗MDI搅拌混合30～50min，转速控制在30～50rpm/min，即得B料；
③原料的准备：将A料打入发泡机A组原料桶内；将B料打入发泡机B组原料桶内；
④仪表台外壳的制备：将皮革平铺在模具的底部，用发泡机将A料与B料在浇注机混合头的混合区混合均匀，浇注成型；脱模，对聚氨酯泡沫板切割整理，得到仪表台外壳；
⑤装配：将所需安装的仪表外壳装在仪表台上，完成低VOC仪表板的制作。
优选的，原料配方如下：聚醚多元醇80～85份、植物油1份、叔胺类催化剂0.1份、硅油1份、水2份、扩链剂10～15份、粗MDI 60～70份、液化MDI 30～40份。
优选的，所述聚多元醇的重均分子量为7000±300。
优选的，所述植物油选自分析级大豆油、分析级蓖麻油或分析级棕榈油的一种或几种。
优选的，所述叔胺类催化剂选自N,N-二甲基环已胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基亚烷基二胺、N,N,N',N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二丙基-1-丙胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、1,4二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷或三乙胺中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述硅油为羟基硅油。
优选的，所述扩链剂选自乙二醇、丙二醇、1，4－丁二醇中的一种或几种。
优选的，液化MDI为氨酯改性MDI或碳化二亚胺改性MDI的一种或两种。粗MDI是一种不同官能度的多异氧酸酯混合物，其中n-0的二异氰酸酯(MDI)占混合物的50％左右，其余是3官能度平均分子量为350-420的低聚合度异氰酸酯，常温下为褐色至棕色液体。
优选的，步骤①和②中，搅拌混合时的温度为20～40℃。在试验过程中，得到证明，在该温度范围可以保证各物料的均匀混合，温度太低易造成混合不混匀的现象，温度太高影响原材料性能。
优选的，步骤④中，脱模时间为15～25分钟。在试验过程中，得到证明，在该脱模时间内可以保证产品的成形性能。若时间太短产品成形不完全，时间太长影响生产效率，造成生产的成本浪费。
和现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)由于采用重均分子量为7000±300的聚醚多元醇作为原料，加入1.0％-2.0％的植物油，在不影响聚氨酯汽车仪表板其他性能的前提下，降低VOC的挥发，提高环保性能；
(2)所选用的原材料常温下均为液体，减少了储存、生产成本，以及避免了繁琐的生产步骤；
(3)在制作工艺的设计上，选用全水发泡技术，无毒环保，无臭氧破坏效应，是一种环保型生产工艺；
(4)所选用的原材料为低挥发、反应型原料，所制备的仪表盘具有环保、无污染等优点。
(5)所述的低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表板制作工艺，不但节能环保，而且简单易行，不需要后续处理，可以满足中高端汽车市场对汽车仪表盘环保性能的要求。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例说明如后。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例，不用来限制本发明的范围。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
①A料的准备：向长华公司的CHE-2028的聚醚多元醇81kg中，加入0.1kg的N,N-二甲基环已胺，加入2kg水，加入1kg嘉兴科瑞有机硅有限公司106羟基硅，加入10kg的1，4－丁二醇，控制转速在40～80转/min，在常温下搅拌50min，即可得A料；
②B料的准备：B组原料70kg的万华公司的MDI-50，30kg的万华公司的6928，在常温下搅拌40min，转速控制在30～50转/min，即得B料；
③原料的准备：将A料打入发泡机A组原料桶内；将B料打入发泡机B组原料桶内；
④仪表台外壳的制备：将皮革平铺在模具的底部，用发泡机将A料与B料按质量比1.4:1在浇注机混合头的混合区混合均匀，浇注成型；脱模15min，对聚氨酯泡沫板切割整理，得到仪表台外壳；
⑤装配：将所需安装的仪表盘装在仪表台上，完成仪表台的制作。
实施例2
①A料的准备：向长华公司的CHE-2028的聚醚多元醇80kg中，加入1kg蓖麻油，加入0.1kg的N,N-二甲基环已胺，加入2kg水，加入1kg嘉兴科瑞有机硅有限公司106羟基硅，加入10kg的1，4－丁二醇，控制转速在40～80转/min，在常温下搅拌50min，即可得A料；
②B料的准备：B组原料70kg的万华公司的MDI-50，30kg的万华公司的6928，在常温下搅拌40min，转速控制在30～50转/min，即得B料；
③原料的准备：将A料打入发泡机A组原料桶内；将B料打入发泡机B组原料桶内；
④仪表台外壳的制备：将皮革平铺在模具的底部，用发泡机将A料与B料按质量比1.4:1在浇注机混合头的混合区混合均匀，浇注成型；脱模15min，对聚氨酯泡沫板切割整理，得到仪表台外壳；
⑤装配：将所需安装的仪表盘装在仪表台上，完成仪表台的制作。
实施例3
①A料的准备：向85kg的长华公司的CHE-2028的聚醚多元醇中，加入0.6kg蓖麻油，加入0.4kg的棕榈油，加入0.1kg的1，4－丁二醇，加入2kg水，加入1kg的嘉兴科瑞有机硅有限公司106羟基硅，加入10kg的1,4-丁二醇，加入5kg的丙二醇，控制转速在40～80转/min，在常温下搅拌50min，即可得A料；
②B料的准备：B组原料60kg万华公司的MDI-50，40kg万华公司的6928，在常温下搅拌40min，转速控制在30～50转/min，即得B料；
③原料的准备：将A料打入发泡机A组原料桶内；将B料打入发泡机B组原料桶内；
④仪表台外壳的制备：将皮革平铺在模具的底部，用发泡机将A料与B料按质量比1.4:1在浇注机混合头的混合区混合均匀，浇注成型；脱模25min，对聚氨酯泡沫板切割整理，得到仪表台外壳；
⑤装配：将所需安装的仪表盘装在仪表台上，完成仪表台的制作。
上述实施例1-3中聚氨酯仪表板的性能指标见表1。
表1
测试方法/标准 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
密度g/dm<sup>-3</sup> GB/T 35390-2017 113.4 114.5 116.1
压缩形变(％) GB T 1683-2018 29.6 28.8 29.3
拉伸强度(MPa) GB/T528-1998 352 354 349
断裂伸长率(％) GB/T 14337-2008 100％ 103％ 102％
VOC值(μg/g) VDA 278:2002 110 85 86
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护。

Claims (10)

1.一种低VOC聚氨酯汽车仪表板的制作工艺，其特征在于，按重量份数计，其原料配方如下：聚醚多元醇80～85份、植物油1～2份、叔胺类催化剂0.1～0.3份、硅油0.5～1.5份、水1.5～2.5份、扩链剂10～15份、粗MDI 50～70份、液化MDI 15～40份；其制备工艺包括以下步骤：
①A料的准备：向聚醚多元醇中，加入植物油、叔胺类催化剂、水、硅油和扩链剂，加完后控制转速为40～80rpm/min，搅拌混合40～60min，即得A料；
②B料的准备：将液化MDI与粗MDI搅拌混合30～50min，转速控制在30～50rpm/min，即得B料；
③原料的准备：将A料打入发泡机A组原料桶内；将B料打入发泡机B组原料桶内；
④仪表台外壳的制备：将皮革平铺在模具的底部，用发泡机将A料与B料在浇注机混合头的混合区混合均匀，浇注成型；脱模，对聚氨酯泡沫板切割整理，得到仪表台外壳；
⑤装配：将所需安装的仪表外壳装在仪表台上，完成低VOC仪表板的制作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，原料配方如下：聚醚多元醇80～85份、植物油1份、叔胺类催化剂0.1份、硅油1份、水2份、扩链剂10～15份、粗MDI 60～70份、液化MDI 30～40份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，所述聚多元醇的重均分子量为7000±300。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，植物油选自分析级大豆油、分析级蓖麻油或分析级棕榈油的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，所述叔胺类催化剂选自N,N-二甲基环已胺、N,N,N',N'-四甲基亚烷基二胺、N,N,N',N”-五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N,N-二丙基-1-丙胺、N,N-二甲基苯胺、1,4二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷或三乙胺中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，所述硅油为羟基硅油。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，所述扩链剂选自乙二醇、丙二醇、1，4－丁二醇中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，液化MDI为氨酯改性MDI或碳化二亚胺改性MDI的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，步骤①和②中，搅拌混合时的温度为20～40℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制作工艺，其特征在于：步骤④中，脱模时间为15～25分钟。
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