CN109510059A - A kind of Q-switched laser exporting long pulse - Google Patents
A kind of Q-switched laser exporting long pulse Download PDFInfo
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- CN109510059A CN109510059A CN201811416166.6A CN201811416166A CN109510059A CN 109510059 A CN109510059 A CN 109510059A CN 201811416166 A CN201811416166 A CN 201811416166A CN 109510059 A CN109510059 A CN 109510059A
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Abstract
A kind of Q-switched laser exporting long pulse, comprising: quartz glass bar (4), outgoing mirror (5) and the reflecting mirror (1) set gradually along optical axis, Q-switch (2) and gain media (3)；Quartz glass bar (4) is provided with incident window (401) and exit window (404)；One end of quartz glass bar (4) is provided with the first reflecting surface (402) that curvature is R；The other end is set as the second reflecting surface (403) that curvature is R；Incident window (401) is arranged on the second reflecting surface (403), and exit window (404) is arranged on the first reflecting surface (402) or the second reflecting surface (403)；Outgoing mirror (5) is arranged on the optical axis of the light beam projected through exit window (404).Q-switched laser provided by the invention is provided with quartz glass bar 4, on the one hand, quartz glass bar can increase the practical light path of optical path in Q-switched laser, and on the other hand, q parameter of the light when passing in and out quartz glass bar is constant, can export stable long pulse Q-switch laser.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Q-switch laser technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of output long pulse Q-switched laser.
Background technique
The pulse width of Q-switched laser is generally between 10ns~500ns, and pulse width is in the long pulse of 0.5~10 μ s
Though the pulse peak power for rushing Q-switched laser is not high, mean power is far longer than normal pulsed laser, thus industry,
There is biggish potentiality to be exploited and application prospect in the application such as medical treatment and scientific research.Q-switched laser export laser pulse width with
The chamber length of laser is directly proportional, therefore generallys use and increase the long mode of chamber to obtain the output of long pulse Q-switch laser.Currently, being
The Q-switch laser of output long pulse, the prior art are technologies by directly drawing chamber or using by separated by a distance one
The technology of the long chamber of multi-pass of concave mirror composition is realized.But these schemes itself have following defects that
1) using directly drawing chamber technology: directly by the long extension of the chamber of laser resonant cavity, without being inserted into other any optics
Element introduces loss.Although the Technical comparing is simple, chamber is directly drawn to will lead to the long too long, body of chamber of entire laser resonant cavity
Product becomes larger, and it is higher to be unfavorable for miniaturization, functionization and production cost.
2) use the long chamber technology of multi-pass: the long chamber of multi-pass is made of a pair of of concave mirror separated by a distance, each concave mirror
There is an optics grooving, light beam injects the long chamber of multi-pass from the grooving of one of concave mirror；Then more on two concave mirrors
Secondary reflection, round-trip transmission are projected from the grooving of another concave mirror.Although the long chamber technology of multi-pass, which can satisfy, increases optical path
Practical light path with obtain long pulse Q laser output and reduce laser volume purpose.But the technology need to be in resonant cavity
There are two concave mirrors for setting, and to the degree of regulation of the two concave mirrors and keep required precision very high, if the two are recessed
The position of face mirror changes, and may cause can not export laser.In addition to this, due to the shadow of air-flow between the two concave mirrors
It rings, further reduced the stability of laser.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Q-switched lasers for exporting long pulse, by setting in the optical path of Q-switched laser
A quartz glass bar is set, light beam is enabled to inject the reflection at quartz glass bar both ends from the incident window of quartz glass bar
Repeatedly, the light beam for meeting ν θ=μ π is exported from quartz glass bar exit window for reflection on face.Q-switched laser provided by the invention is set
It is equipped with quartz glass bar 4, on the one hand can increase the practical light path of optical path in Q-switched laser, another aspect light is through repeatedly past
Back pass it is defeated from exit window project when q parameter with from incident window inject before it is identical, realize q parameter unit change
It changes, so as to obtain stable long pulse Q laser output.
To solve the above problems, the first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of long pulse Q-switched laser, comprising: quartzy glass
Glass stick, outgoing mirror and the reflecting mirror set gradually along optical axis, Q-switch and gain media；Quartz glass bar is provided with entrance window
Mouth and exit window；One end of quartz glass bar is provided with the first reflecting surface that curvature is R；It is R's that the other end, which is set as curvature,
Second reflecting surface；Incident window is arranged on the second reflecting surface, and exit window is arranged on the first reflecting surface or the second reflecting surface；
Outgoing mirror is arranged on the optical axis of the light beam projected through exit window.
Further, enter the light beam in quartz glass bar from incident window, instead by the first reflective surface to second
It penetrates face and constitutes a reflection cycle period；Alternatively, enter the light beam in quartz glass bar from incident window, it is anti-from the second reflecting surface
It is incident upon the first reflecting surface and is reflected back the second reflecting surface and constitute a reflection cycle period；In two neighboring reflection cycle period,
Two from the first reflective surface to the second reflecting surface or two from the second reflective surface to the light of the first reflecting surface
Angle is θ, and θ=2cos-1(1-d/R), and meet ν θ=μ π；Wherein, d is the length of quartz glass bar, and ν is round-trip time
Number, and ν and μ are positive integer.
Further, reflecting mirror is coated with high-reflecting film.
Further, Q-switch is electro-optic Q switch, acousto-optic Q modulation switch, dye Q switch or colour centre crystal Q-switch
One of.
Further, gain media Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG, ceramics, carbon dioxide CO2, helium-neon, copper steam, arsenic
One of gallium GaAs, cadmium sulfide CdS, indium phosphide InP, rhodamine 6G or rhodamine B.
Further, the pump mode of Q-switched laser is end pump or side pump.
Further, the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface are coated with high-reflecting film.
Further, outgoing mirror is coated with the film of transmissivity certain for output wavelength.
Further, hysteroscope, Q-switch, gain media, quartz glass bar and outgoing mirror is any is provided with standard between the two
Tool, wave plate, volume Bragg grating, birefringent filter, nonlinear frequency transformation crystal, in polarizing film any one or it is more
Kind.
Further, it is respectively arranged with high transmittance film at the two of quartz glass bar, the position for being provided with high transmittance film is entrance window
Mouth and exit window.
Further, incident window and exit window are planar structure.
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention has following beneficial technical effect:
(1) by the way that a quartz glass bar is arranged in the optical path of Q-switched laser, enable light beam from quartz glass bar
Incident window inject and reflected repeatedly on the reflecting surface at quartz glass bar both ends, meet the light beam of ν θ=μ π from quartz glass bar
Exit window output.Pass through above-mentioned quartz glass bar, on the one hand, light can increase the practical light of optical path through ν round-trip transmission
Journey；On the other hand, the q parameter when the angle θ meets closure condition, and light is projected through ν round-trip transmission from exit window and injection
It is preceding identical, that is, the identity transformation of q parameter is realized, so that quartz glass bar itself has null effect long in the optical path
Degree, so as to obtain stable long pulse Q laser output.
(2) since quartz glass bar has the characteristics that low-loss, thermal expansion coefficient are minimum, the present invention is by by quartz glass
Stick replaces the long chamber of multi-pass being made of a pair of of concave mirror, and the laser for obtaining long-pulse output compared to the long chamber technology of multi-pass comes
It says, reduces to the position precision for adjusting two concave mirrors and keep the requirement of precision, also, settable solid quartz glass
Stick further improves the stability of laser without considering the influence of air-flow.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of long pulse Q-switched laser structural schematic diagram of first embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the transmission schematic diagram of quartz glass bar inner light beam in first embodiment of the invention Q-switched laser；
Fig. 3 is a kind of Q-switched laser structural schematic diagram of second embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the first reflecting surface of quartz glass bar or the hot spot distribution on the second reflecting surface in Q-switched laser shown in Fig. 3
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is a kind of Q-switched laser structural schematic diagram of third embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the first reflecting surface of quartz glass bar or the hot spot distribution on the second reflecting surface in Q-switched laser shown in Fig. 5
Schematic diagram.
Appended drawing reference:
1: reflecting mirror；2:Q switch；3: gain media；4: quartz glass bar；401: incident window；402: the first reflections
Face；403: the second reflectings surface；404: exit window；5: outgoing mirror；6: pumping source.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, With reference to embodiment and join
According to attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that these descriptions are merely illustrative, and it is not intended to limit this hair
Bright range.In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted, to avoid this is unnecessarily obscured
The concept of invention.
Fig. 1 is a kind of long pulse Q-switched laser structural schematic diagram of first embodiment according to the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the laser includes: quartz glass bar 4, outgoing mirror 5 and the reflecting mirror set gradually along optical axis
1, Q-switch 2 and gain media 3.
Wherein, quartz glass bar 4 is provided with incident window 401 and exit window 404；One end of quartz glass bar 4 is arranged
Having curvature is the first reflecting surface 402 of R；The other end is set as the second reflecting surface 403 that curvature is R；The setting of incident window 401 exists
On second reflecting surface 403, and the incident window 401 of quartz glass bar 4 is arranged in the optical path of the light issued through gain media 3,
Exit window 404 is arranged on the first reflecting surface 402 or the second reflecting surface 403；The setting of outgoing mirror 5 is penetrated through exit window 404
On the optical axis of light beam out.
It should be noted that it is schematically to indicate that the light in Fig. 1 in quartz glass bar, which is turned back, quartzy glass is not represented
The real reflection path of glass stick inner light beam, the true reflection path of light can refer to Fig. 2 in quartz glass bar.
Optionally, incident window 401 and 404 size of exit window adaptation.
Specifically, Fig. 2 is the transmission schematic diagram of quartz glass bar inner light beam in Q-switched laser shown in Fig. 1.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the oscillation path of light includes: the light of 3 stimulated radiation of gain media along light in Q-switched laser
Axis direction injects quartz glass bar 4 by incident window 401, reflexes to the second reflecting surface 403 by the first reflecting surface 402,
It is constantly reflected between first reflecting surface 402 and the second reflecting surface 403, is projected from exit window 404, be emitted to 5 table of outgoing mirror
Face, through 5 surface reflection of outgoing mirror, Yuan Lucong exit window 404 is injected in quartz glass bar 4, by the first reflecting surface 402 and the
Two reflectings surface, more than 403 round-trip transmissions are projected from incident window 401, by gain media 3, Q-switch 2 and anti-by reflecting mirror 1
It is incident upon gain media 3, after gain media 3, is entered back into quartz glass bar 4, so constantly round-trip oscillation.When in resonant cavity
Number of photons when reaching output threshold value, that is, energy contained by number of photons in resonant cavity is higher than light beam in resonant cavity
When loss, light is exported from outgoing mirror 5, and the light exported from outgoing mirror 5 is the output laser of long pulse Q-switched laser, the output
Laser is long pulse Q-switch laser.
It should be noted that since the first reflecting surface 402 is provided with preset curvature R, in the longitudinal direction, warp
The light beam for crossing the first reflecting surface 402 can reflex to the second reflecting surface 403 with ɑ angle.Due to the second reflecting surface 403 be also equipped with
The identical curvature R of first reflecting surface.Therefore, the light beam for being mapped to its surface is reflexed to first with ɑ angle by the second reflecting surface 403
Reflecting surface, the light beam are constantly reflected in two reflectings surface, are most exported afterwards through exit window 404.Therefore, light is every by primary
Reflective surface just has the rotation angle of a ɑ size, and the angle of adjacent reflection light twice is θ on the same reflecting surface, and θ=
2ɑ.It will be detailed below the rotation angle, θ.
In Fig. 1 and embodiment shown in Fig. 2, enter the light beam in quartz glass bar 4 from incident window 401, initially
When, enter the light beam in quartz glass bar 4 from incident window 401, reflexes to the second reflecting surface 403 by the first reflecting surface 402
Constitute a reflection cycle period；Alternatively, after light beam reflexes to the first reflecting surface for the second time, light beam is from the first reflecting surface
402 reflex to the second reflecting surface 403 and are reflected back the first reflecting surface 402 one reflection cycle period of composition；Alternatively, from entrance window
Mouth 401 enters the light beam in quartz glass bar 4, reflexes to the first reflecting surface 402 from the second reflecting surface 403 and is reflected back second instead
It penetrates face 403 and constitutes a reflection cycle period.
In two neighboring reflection cycle period, two reflex to the light of the second reflecting surface 403 from the first reflecting surface 402
Angle and two it is identical to the angle of the first reflecting surface 403 from the second reflective surface, be rotation angle, θ, θ be less than or
Equal to 180 ° (as ν=μ=1, θ=180 °), and θ=2cos-1(1-d/R), wherein d is the length of quartz glass bar 4, and R is
The radius of curvature of first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface.When light beam meets ν θ=μ π, the optical path of closure will form, wherein ν is
Round-trip number, that is, the number of cycle period, and ν and μ are positive integer.
According to above-mentioned formula ν θ=μ π, can be calculated by abcd matrix transmission theory formed closure optical path light beam exist
Matrix T in quartz glass bar after ν roundtrip propagation are as follows:
By above-mentioned matrix it is known that the matrix is unit matrix, that is to say, that after ν times is round-trip, quartz glass
Stick provides the identity transformation of q parameter to light beam, that is, q when light is projected through ν round-trip transmission from exit window (404)
Parameter is identical with before incident window (401) injection, it is known that and the quartz glass bar 4 has null effect length in the optical path,
It namely joined quartz glass bar 4 in laser, the practical light path in addition to increasing optical path, there is no the hot spots for changing light beam
The properties such as size and the angle of divergence.
Therefore, Q-switched laser provided by the invention replaces the multi-pass being made of a pair of of concave mirror long using quartz glass bar
Chamber reduces for the long chamber technology of multi-pass obtains the laser of long-pulse output to the position for adjusting two concave mirrors
Precision and the requirement for keeping precision, also, settable solid quartz glass bar, without considering the influence of air-flow, further
Improve the stability of laser.
In a preferred embodiment, reflecting mirror 1 is coated with high-reflecting film, which refers to anti-for oscillating laser wavelength
Penetrate the high film of rate.
In one embodiment, Q-switch 2 is electro-optic Q switch, acousto-optic Q modulation switch, dye Q switch or colour centre crystal
One of Q-switch.
In one embodiment, gain media 3 is Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG, ceramics, carbon dioxide CO2, helium-neon, copper steam
One of gas, GaAs GaAs, cadmium sulfide CdS, indium phosphide InP, rhodamine 6G or rhodamine B.
It should be noted that be that the gaseous gain media is contained in air accumulator when gain media is gaseous state, it can
To pass through electric pump, when gain media is liquid (such as the dyestuffs such as rhodamine 6G or rhodamine B gain media), by liquid
Gain media be put into dye cell.
In one embodiment, the pump mode of the Q-switched laser is end pump or side pump.
In one embodiment, the first reflecting surface 402 and the second reflecting surface 403 are coated with high-reflecting film, which refers to pair
In the high film of oscillating laser wavelength reflection.For example, oscillating laser wavelength is 1064nm, then wavelength is exactly by high-reflecting film
The laser reflection of 1064nm, general reflectivity can reach 99.9% or more.
In one embodiment, outgoing mirror 5 is coated with the film of transmissivity certain for output wavelength.
It should be noted that the film of certain transmissivity refers to the sharp light-transmissive or reflection how many energy for the wavelength
Amount.For example, the transmitance that it is 1064nm for wavelength that the film of certain transmissivity, which is, is 40%, that is, refer to the process of 1064nm light
This is coated with the film of certain transmissivity, has 40% energy that can penetrate, and 60% is reflected.For example, energy is 100W, wavelength is
The laser energy that wavelength is 1064nm then can be penetrated 40W by the film that the laser of 1064nm is 40% through transmitance, and energy can reflect
60W；It is exactly that wavelength is all reflected for the energy of the light 99.9% of 1064nm for example, being coated with 99.9% reflectance coating, only 0.1%
Through.
In one embodiment, reflecting mirror 1, Q-switch 2, gain media 3, quartz glass bar 4 and any the two of outgoing mirror 5
Between may be provided with etalon, wave plate, volume Bragg grating, birefringent filter, nonlinear frequency transformation crystal, in polarizing film
Any one or more.
It specifically, can be in above-mentioned reflecting mirror 1, Q-switch 2, gain media 3, quartz glass bar 4 due to optical characteristic
With outgoing mirror 5 is any is provided with optical element between the two.For example, being inserted into one along optical path between reflecting mirror 1, Q-switch 2
Etalon, the etalon can be used for narrowing line width, it can also be used to select wavelength.
In one embodiment, it is respectively arranged with high transmittance film at the two of quartz glass bar 4, the position for being provided with high transmittance film is
Incident window 401 and exit window 404.Wherein, high transmittance film is the film high for oscillation light beam transmissivity.For example, oscillating laser
Wavelength is 1064nm, then high transmittance film is exactly to transmit the laser that wavelength is 1064nm, general transmissivity can reach 99.9%
More than.
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by the way that a quartz glass bar is arranged in the optical path of Q-switched laser, enable light beam from quartz glass bar
Incident window inject and reflected repeatedly on the reflecting surface at quartz glass bar both ends, meet the light beam of ν θ=μ π from quartz glass bar
Exit window output.Pass through above-mentioned quartz glass bar, on the one hand, light can increase the practical light of optical path through ν round-trip transmission
Journey；On the other hand, the q parameter when the angle θ meets closure condition, and light is projected through ν round-trip transmission from exit window and injection
It is preceding identical, that is, the identity transformation of q parameter is realized, so that quartz glass bar itself has null effect long in the optical path
Degree, so as to obtain stable long pulse Q laser output.
(2) since quartz glass bar has the characteristics that low-loss, thermal expansion coefficient are minimum, the present invention is by by quartz glass
Stick replaces the long chamber of multi-pass being made of a pair of of concave mirror, and the laser for obtaining long-pulse output compared to the long chamber technology of multi-pass comes
It says, reduces to the position precision for adjusting two concave mirrors and keep the requirement of precision, also, settable solid quartz glass
Stick further increases the stability of laser without considering the influence of air-flow.
Fig. 3 is a kind of long pulse Q-switched laser structural schematic diagram of second embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the first reflecting surface of quartz glass bar or the hot spot distribution on the second reflecting surface in Q-switched laser shown in Fig. 3
Schematic diagram.
As shown in figure 3, the pumping source 6 that second embodiment of the invention uses is side pump.Wherein, hysteroscope 1 is plane mirror,
And it is coated with the high-reflecting film for being 1064nm for wavelength.
Q-switch 2 is acousto-optic Q-switching.
Gain media is Nd:YAG.The incident window 401 and exit window 404 of quartz glass bar 4 are coated with and are for wavelength
The high-reflecting film that it is 1064nm for wavelength that the high transmittance film of 1064nm, the first reflecting surface 402 and the second reflecting surface window 403, which are coated with,.
Pump mode is side pump, and pumping source 6 can be optical pumping.
Outgoing mirror 5 be coated be for wavelength the certain transmitance of 1064nm plane mirror.
The oscillation path of light in above-mentioned laser are as follows: the light of 3 stimulated radiation of gain media is along optical axis direction by incident
Window 401 injects quartz glass bar 4, the second reflecting surface 403 is reflexed to by the first reflecting surface 402, in 402 He of the first reflecting surface
It is constantly reflected between second reflecting surface 403, is projected from exit window 404,5 surface of outgoing mirror is emitted to, through 5 table of outgoing mirror
Face reflection, Yuan Lucong exit window 404 is injected in quartz glass bar 4, by the first reflecting surface 402 and the second reflecting surface more than 403
Secondary round-trip transmission is projected from incident window 401, reflexes to gain media 3 by gain media 3, Q-switch 2 and by reflecting mirror 1,
After gain media 3, oscillation constantly round-trip in this way in quartz glass bar 4 is entered back into.When intracavitary number of photons reaches output threshold value
When, long pulse Q-switch laser is exported from the outgoing mirror 5 for being coated with certain transmitance.
It should be noted that the long pulse Q-switched laser that the application second embodiment provides, is excited from gain media 3
The light of radiation is incident to quartz glass bar 4 at a certain angle, and when meeting ν θ=μ π, light beam can be exported from exit window 404.
The every reflection by first reflecting surface or the second reflecting surface of light beam just has a α.If changing incident beam
The hot spot of the angle of opposite optical axis, reflection forms ellipse or a circle in the distribution trajectory of the first reflecting surface or the second reflecting surface.
As shown in figure 4, the round-trip number of light beam is ν=4, μ=2, and when θ=90 °, the first reflecting surface of quartz glass bar or second
Hot spot distribution map on reflecting surface.The hot spot of solid line is the hot spot on the first reflecting surface 402, and the hot spot of dotted line is from the first reflection
The hot spot on the second reflecting surface 403 seen on face 402.
Light beam is by P0Inject quartz glass bar 4, P0→P1′→P1→P2′→P2→P3′→P3→P4', by P4' project；Through
After outgoing mirror 5 reflects, then by P4' inject, P4′→P3→P3′→P2→P2′→P1→P1′→P0, by P0It projects to gain media
3, after gain media, after the reflection of reflecting mirror 1, again passes by gain media 3 and inject quartz glass bar 4, so constantly
Ground vibrates back and forth, and when intracavitary number of photons reaches output threshold value, long pulse Q-switch laser is from the outgoing mirror 5 for being coated with certain transmitance
Output.
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by the way that a quartz glass bar is arranged in the optical path of Q-switched laser, enable light beam from quartz glass bar
Incident window inject and reflected repeatedly on the reflecting surface at quartz glass bar both ends, meet the light beam of ν θ=μ π from quartz glass bar
Exit window output.Pass through above-mentioned quartz glass bar, on the one hand, light can increase the practical light of optical path through ν round-trip transmission
Journey；On the other hand, when the angle θ meets closure condition ν θ=μ π, q when light is projected through ν round-trip transmission from exit window joins
Number is identical with before injection, that is, realizes the identity transformation of q parameter, so that quartz glass bar itself has in the optical path
Null effect length, so as to obtain stable long pulse Q laser output.
(2) since quartz glass bar has the characteristics that low-loss, thermal expansion coefficient are minimum, the present invention is by by quartz glass
Stick replaces the long chamber of multi-pass being made of a pair of of concave mirror, and the laser for obtaining long-pulse output compared to the long chamber technology of multi-pass comes
It says, reduces to the position precision for adjusting two concave mirrors and keep the requirement of precision, also, settable solid quartz glass
Stick further increases the stability of laser without considering the influence of air-flow.
Fig. 5 is a kind of long pulse Q-switched laser structural schematic diagram of third embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the hot spot distribution schematic diagram in Q-switched laser shown in Fig. 5 on the reflecting surface of quartz glass bar.
As shown in figure 5, laser includes: quartz glass bar 4, outgoing mirror 5 and reflecting mirror 1, the Q set gradually along optical axis
Switch 2 and gain media 3.
Wherein, the first reflecting surface 402 is provided with for the incident window 401 of light beam injection and for the exit window of beam exit
404；Alternatively, the second reflecting surface 403 is additionally provided with for the incident window 401 of light beam injection and for the exit window of beam exit
404；Alternatively, the first reflecting surface 402 is provided with the incident window 401 injected for light beam, the second reflecting surface 403 is provided with for light beam
The exit window 404 of outgoing；Alternatively, the first reflecting surface 402 is provided with the exit window 404 for beam exit, the second reflecting surface
403 are provided with the incident window 401 injected for light beam.
Outgoing mirror 5 is arranged on the optical axis of the light beam projected through exit window 404.
Wherein, 1 plane mirror of reflecting mirror is coated with the film high for 820nm reflectivity.
Q-switch 2 is electro-optical Q-switch.
Gain media in gain media 3 is Ti:sapphire titanium gem crystal.
The high transmittance film that it is 820nm for wavelength that the incident window 401 and exit window 404 of quartz glass bar 4, which are coated with, first
The high-reflecting film that it is 820nm for wavelength that reflecting surface 402 and the second reflecting surface 403, which are coated with,.
Outgoing mirror 5 is plane mirror, is coated with the film for certain transmitance that wavelength is 820nm.
Pumping source 6 is flash lamp pumping.
The oscillatory process for the Q-switched laser inner light beam that third embodiment of the invention provides are as follows: gain media 3 is excited spoke
The light penetrated injects quartz glass bar 4 by incident window 401 along optical axis direction, and it is anti-to reflex to second by the first reflecting surface 402
Face 403 is penetrated, is constantly reflected between the first reflecting surface 402 and the second reflecting surface 403, projects, is emitted to from exit window 404
5 surface of outgoing mirror, through 5 surface reflection of outgoing mirror, Yuan Lucong exit window 404 is injected in quartz glass bar 4, by the first reflection
More than 403 round-trip transmissions in face 402 and the second reflecting surface are projected from incident window 401, by gain media 3, Q-switch 2 and are passed through
Reflecting mirror 1 reflexes to gain media 3, after gain media 3, enters back into oscillation constantly round-trip in this way in quartz glass bar 4.
When intracavitary number of photons reaches output threshold value, long pulse Q-switch laser is exported from the outgoing mirror 5 for being coated with certain transmitance.
It should be noted that since the first reflecting surface 402 is provided with preset curvature R, in the longitudinal direction, warp
The light beam for crossing the first reflecting surface 402 can reflex to the second reflecting surface 403 with ɑ angle.Due to the second reflecting surface 403 be also equipped with
The identical curvature R of first reflecting surface.Therefore, the light beam for being mapped to its surface is reflexed to first instead with ɑ angle by the second reflecting surface 403
Face is penetrated, which constantly reflects in two reflectings surface, most exports afterwards through exit window 404.Light is every to pass through primary event face
Reflection just has the rotation angle of a ɑ size, and the angle of adjacent reflection light twice is θ on single reflecting surface, and the ɑ of θ=2, below
It will be explained in the rotation angle, θ.
Enter the light beam in quartz glass bar 4 from incident window 401, reflexes to the second reflection by the first reflecting surface 402
Face 403 constitutes a reflection cycle period；Alternatively, enter the light beam in quartz glass bar 4 from incident window 401, it is anti-from second
Face 403 is penetrated to reflex to the first reflecting surface 402 and be reflected back the second reflecting surface 403 one reflection cycle period of composition.
In two neighboring reflection cycle period, two reflex to the light of the second reflecting surface 403 from the first reflecting surface 402
Angle and two it is identical to the angle of the first reflecting surface 403 from the second reflective surface, be rotation angle, θ, and θ=
2cos-1(1-d/R), wherein d is the length of quartz glass bar 4, and R is the radius of curvature of the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface.
When light beam meets ν θ=μ π, the optical path of closure will form, wherein ν is round-trip number, and ν and μ are positive integer.
According to above-mentioned formula ν θ=μ π, can be calculated by abcd matrix transmission theory formed closure optical path light beam exist
Matrix in quartz glass bar after ν roundtrip propagation are as follows:
By above-mentioned matrix it is known that the matrix is unit matrix, that is to say, that after ν times is round-trip, quartz glass
Stick provides the identity transformation of q parameter to light beam, that is, q parameter when light is projected through multiple round-trip transmission from exit window
It is preceding identical with being injected from incident window, so that the quartz glass bar has zero in the optical path of the resonant cavity of Q-switched laser
Effect lengths.
Therefore, Q-switched laser provided by the invention replaces the multi-pass being made of a pair of of concave mirror long using quartz glass bar
Chamber reduces for the long chamber technology of multi-pass obtains the laser of long-pulse output to the position for adjusting two concave mirrors
Precision and the requirement for keeping precision.Also, settable solid quartz glass bar, without considering the influence of air-flow, further
Improve the stability of laser.
Fig. 6 is the hot spot distribution schematic diagram in Q-switched laser shown in Fig. 5 on the reflecting surface of quartz glass bar.
In example shown in Fig. 6 (a), when enabling ν=9, μ=2, θ=40 °, the first reflecting surface of quartz glass bar or second is instead
The dot pattern of the hot spot distribution on face is penetrated, solid point is the hot spot formed on the first reflecting surface 402, and hollow point is second anti-
The hot spot formed on face is penetrated, parameter ν=4 with laser inner light beam shown in Fig. 4, μ=2, θ=90 ° are compared, and when μ is identical, are changed
The hot spot number in reflection windows can be changed in the number ν for becoming round-trip, that is, changes the practical light path of optical path, while with rotation angle θ at anti-
Than.
Hot spot point in example shown in Fig. 6 (b), when enabling ν=9, μ=4, θ=80 °, on two end curved surface of quartz glass bar
The dot pattern of cloth, compared with ν=9 Fig. 6 (a), μ=2, θ=40 °, when round-trip number ν is identical, changing μ can be changed reflection windows
The hot spot angle theta that upper two neighboring cycle period is formed, and positive inverse ratio therewith.
Optionally, the size and curvature of quartz glass bar are determined by following methods:
Firstly, as needed, determining that (no practical significance, is merely possible to π by light beam the number of turns v and μ of quartz glass bar
Integral multiple) according to closure optical path formula ν θ=μ π rotation angle, θ is calculated, according to θ=2cos-1(1-d/R) is calculated
The relationship of the curvature R and length d of quartz glass bar can first determine the length of quartz glass bar, to obtain quartz glass bar
Curvature.
It optionally, can be true according to predetermined round-trip number ν after determining the length d and curvature R of quartz glass bar
Whether the incident window and exit window for determining quartz glass bar are in the same face, by the incident window setting of quartz glass bar along increasing
In the optical path for the light that beneficial medium projects, to determine the position of incident window, since the length and curvature of quartz glass bar determine, rotation
Corner also determines that the reflection path of quartz glass bar inner light beam is also that can calculate, and finally determines the position of exit window, out
Window is penetrated to be arranged at the optical port of last time reflected light.
In conclusion can change by adjusting round-trip number ν of the light between the first reflecting surface and the second reflecting surface
The practical light path on darkening road, to obtain stable tune Q Long Pulse LASER output.
The above-mentioned technical proposal of the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by the way that a quartz glass bar is arranged in the optical path of Q-switched laser, enable light beam from quartz glass bar
Incident window inject and reflected repeatedly on the reflecting surface at quartz glass bar both ends, meet the light beam of ν θ=μ π from quartz glass bar
Exit window output.Pass through above-mentioned quartz glass bar, on the one hand, light can increase the practical light of optical path through ν round-trip transmission
Journey；On the other hand, the q parameter when the angle θ meets closure condition, and light is projected through ν round-trip transmission from exit window and injection
It is preceding identical, that is, the identity transformation of q parameter is realized, so that quartz glass bar itself has null effect long in the optical path
Degree, so as to obtain stable long pulse Q laser output.
(2) since quartz glass bar has the characteristics that low-loss, thermal expansion coefficient are minimum, the present invention is by by quartz glass
Stick replaces the long chamber of multi-pass being made of a pair of of concave mirror, and the laser for obtaining long-pulse output compared to the long chamber technology of multi-pass comes
It says, reduces to the position precision for adjusting two concave mirrors and keep the requirement of precision, also, settable solid quartz glass
Stick further increases the stability of laser without considering the influence of air-flow.
It should be understood that above-mentioned specific embodiment of the invention is used only for exemplary illustration or explains of the invention
Principle, but not to limit the present invention.Therefore, that is done without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention is any
Modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.In addition, appended claims purport of the present invention
Covering the whole variations fallen into attached claim scope and boundary or this range and the equivalent form on boundary and is repairing
Change example.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Q-switched laser for exporting long pulse characterized by comprising quartz glass bar (4), outgoing mirror (5) and edge
Reflecting mirror (1), Q-switch (2) and the gain media (3) that optical axis is set gradually；
The quartz glass bar (4) is provided with incident window (401) and exit window (404)；
One end of the quartz glass bar (4) is provided with the first reflecting surface (402) that curvature is R；It is R that the other end, which is set as curvature,
The second reflecting surface (403)；
The incident window (401) is arranged on second reflecting surface (403), and the exit window (404) is arranged described
On first reflecting surface (402) or second reflecting surface (403)；
The outgoing mirror (5) is arranged on the optical axis of the light beam projected through the exit window (404).
2. Q-switched laser according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Enter the light beam in the quartz glass bar (4) from the incident window (401), by first reflecting surface (402)
It reflexes to second reflecting surface (403) and constitutes a reflection cycle period；Alternatively,
Enter the light beam in the quartz glass bar (4) from the incident window (401), it is anti-from second reflecting surface (403)
It is incident upon first reflecting surface (402) and is reflected back second reflecting surface (403) and constitute a reflection cycle period；
In the two neighboring reflection cycle period, two reflex to second reflecting surface from first reflecting surface (402)
(403) angle of light is θ, and two reflex to first reflecting surface (402) from second reflecting surface (403)
The angle of light is θ；Wherein, θ=2cos-1(1-d/R), and meet ν θ=μ π；
Wherein, d is the length of the quartz glass bar (4), and ν is round-trip number, and ν and μ are positive integer.
3. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the reflecting mirror (1) is coated with high-reflecting film.
4. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the Q-switch (2) is electro-optic Q switch, sound
One of light Q-switch, dye Q switch or colour centre crystal Q-switch.
5. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the gain media (3) is neodymium doped yttrium aluminum
Garnet Nd:YAG, Yb:YAG mix ytterbium yttrium-aluminium-garnet, ceramics, carbon dioxide CO2, helium-neon, copper steam, GaAs GaAs, sulphur
One of cadmium CdS, indium phosphide InP, rhodamine 6G or rhodamine B.
6. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the pump mode of the laser be end pump or
Side pump.
7. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that first reflecting surface (402) and second is instead
It penetrates face (403) and is coated with high-reflecting film；The outgoing mirror (5) is coated with the film of transmissivity certain for output wavelength.
8. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the hysteroscope (1), Q-switch (2), gain are situated between
Matter (3), quartz glass bar (4) and any etalon, wave plate, volume Bragg grating, two-fold of being provided between the two of outgoing mirror (5)
Penetrate filter plate, nonlinear frequency transformation crystal, any one or more in polarizing film.
9. Q-switched laser according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that distinguish at the two of the quartz glass bar (4)
It is provided with high transmittance film, the position for being provided with high transmittance film is the incident window (401) and the exit window (404).
10. Q-switched laser according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the incident window (401) and the exit window
Mouth (404) is planar structure.
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| CN113948947A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-18 | 武汉安扬激光技术股份有限公司 | Laser beam position and angle control system and control method |
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| CN207677240U (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-31 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | A kind of light channel structure extending pulse type laser pulse width |
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| US20050105579A1 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2005-05-19 | Smith Scot T. | Laser output light pulse stretcher |
| CN101090193A (en) * | 2006-06-13 | 2007-12-19 | 北京国科世纪激光技术有限公司 | Laser capable of regulating pulsewidth |
| CN101490914A (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2009-07-22 | 浜松光子学株式会社 | Optical amplifier |
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