CN109458307A - A kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus and method - Google Patents
A kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109458307A CN109458307A CN201811569308.2A CN201811569308A CN109458307A CN 109458307 A CN109458307 A CN 109458307A CN 201811569308 A CN201811569308 A CN 201811569308A CN 109458307 A CN109458307 A CN 109458307A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The generator of a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus and method, device uses double end generator；Pedestal is fixed in test chamber, and generator and torque rotational speed meters are fixed on the base, and torque rotational speed meters one end connects transmission shaft, and wind wheel is fixed on transmission shaft, and wind wheel is located at the upstream of test chamber direction of flow；The torque rotational speed meters other end is fixedly connected with generator one end, and the generator other end is fixedly connected with motor；Frequency converter is connected with motor, is adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter to motor；Power meter is connected with generator；The data output end of torque rotational speed meters and power meter is connected with computer.Method are as follows: wind wheel no-load speed is measured under wind speed setting；Motor speed is adjusted by frequency converter and wind wheel is driven to rotate；Measure rotor shaft torque, revolving speed and generated output power；Data measured is transferred to the generating efficiency and generator efficiency that wind wheel pneumatic efficiency, wind turbine system are calculated in computer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wind energy conversion system aerodynamic characteristic and power characteristic the field of test technology, more particularly to a kind of wind energy conversion system gas
Efficiency of movement and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus and method.
Background technique
Environment and the energy are bases for the survival of mankind, and the flood tide consumption of fossil energy causes serious environmental pollution to be asked
Topic, active development new and renewable energy help to alleviate energy and environmental problem.Wind energy is as a kind of cleanliness without any pollution
Renewable energy, the stage of comparative maturity is had evolved to using technology.The ground that city is concentrated the most as energy demand
One of side, local use Urban Wind Field is the emphasis and hot spot studied now, and wherein small wind turbine is more suitable for city ring
Border off-network distributed power generation, therefore design and develop efficient small wind turbine, more facilitate urban environment distribution hair
The popularization and development of electricity.Wind turbine system mainly includes two important components of wind wheel and generator, the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel
The generating efficiency of wind turbine system is directly determined with the efficiency of generator, generator relies primarily on the design speed and function of wind wheel
What rate was chosen, however, in practice it has proved that often there is unmatched situation in wind wheel and generator.
Currently, being broadly divided into two kinds for the wind tunnel experiment of wind energy conversion system, the first is the pneumatic efficiency progress for wind wheel
The wind tunnel experiment of test, second is the wind tunnel experiment tested for the generating efficiency of wind turbine system, and both the above is real
It tests and all carries out independently of each other.
For the wind tunnel experiment that the first is tested for the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel, it is intended merely to evaluation wind wheel
Pneumatic design scheme superiority and inferiority degree；The wind tunnel experiment tested for second for the generating efficiency of wind turbine system come
It says, can only measure the complete machine generating efficiency of wind turbine system, and the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel and the effect of generator can not be measured
Rate, therefore can not also be used to the pneumatic efficiency of accurate evaluation wind wheel and the efficiency of generator；Since the power generation of wind turbine system is imitated
Rate is matched by the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel and the efficiency of generator as a result, therefore also difficult by second of wind tunnel experiment merely
To solve generator matching problem.
Currently, obtaining wind wheel pneumatic efficiency, generator efficiency and wind turbine system generating efficiency needs to carry out two kinds not
Same experiment, generator efficiency can be calculated by wind wheel pneumatic efficiency and wind turbine system generating efficiency.Due to two kinds
Experimental facilities used by testing is different, will inevitably there is equipment error；Further more, wind speed and revolving speed in different experiments
Adjusting can also have random error；Therefore, under the influence of many data errors, it is difficult to ensure that the efficiency of generator is accurate
Degree.Since wind tunnel experiment must be carried out independently in two times, cause experimentation time-consuming and laborious, and conventional efficient is not high.
It is pneumatically imitated for this purpose, the Chinese patent of Patent No. ZL201610781702.7 proposes a kind of synchronism detection wind energy conversion system
The device and method of rate and generating efficiency, the patent can be measured by an experimentation and calculate wind turbine system apoplexy
Pneumatic efficiency, generator efficiency and the system generating efficiency of wheel, still, the patent still have office in wind energy conversion system test process
It is sex-limited, it is only capable of test torque and increases and the dull wind energy conversion system reduced with revolving speed, such as shaft resistance type windmill, can be obtained from low
Revolving speed is to the corresponding full experiment data of high revolving speed；However, coming for torque with the wind energy conversion system that revolving speed increase is not dull reduction
It says, such as lift-type wind energy conversion system, the load of electromagnetic brake is gradually increased during the experiment, and wind energy conversion system revolving speed is gradually
Reduce, when load makes revolving speed lower than critical speed, loading moment is greater than the aerodynamic moment of wind energy conversion system, and wind energy conversion system will instantaneously stop
Rotation.Therefore, which can only measure the torque in wind energy conversion system maximum (top) speed to critical speed range, and what is obtained is only critical
Revolving speed is to the corresponding imperfect experimental data of high revolving speed.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is synchronous with system generating efficiency to provide a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency by the present invention
Measuring device and method can satisfy the shaft resistance type windmill of various models and the test needs of lift-type wind energy conversion system, only pass through
One time experimentation can obtain the pneumatic efficiency of wind mill wind wheel and the generating efficiency of wind turbine system simultaneously, effectively prevent
Using independent experiment twice, existing items error, not only ensure that the accuracy of generator efficiency, and can effectively mention
High conventional efficient.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system power generation
Efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, including pedestal, wind wheel, generator, torque rotational speed meters and power meter, its main feature is that: it further include electronic
Machine and frequency converter, the generator use double end generator；The pedestal is fixed in test chamber, the generator
And torque rotational speed meters are fixedly mounted on pedestal, torque rotational speed meters one end is connected with transmission shaft, the wind by first shaft coupling
Wheel is fixedly mounted on transmission shaft, and wind wheel is located at the upstream of test chamber direction of flow；The torque rotational speed meters other end
Be fixedly connected with by motor shaft one end of second shaft coupling and generator, the motor shaft other end of generator by third shaft coupling with
The motor shaft of motor is fixedly connected with；The frequency converter is connected with motor, is adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter to motor
Section；The power meter is connected with generator；The data output end of the torque rotational speed meters and power meter is connected with computer.
Resistance is connected between the power meter and generator, the generator, power meter and resistance constitute closure electricity
Road.
Bearing support block is installed between the transmission shaft and pedestal, is driven by setting bearing support block to prevent
The malformation of axis when rotated.
The transmission shaft, torque rotational speed meters, generator and test chamber longitudinal center line coincide.
A kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring, are pneumatically imitated using the wind energy conversion system
Rate and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, include the following steps:
Step 1: the wind speed in test chamber is set；
Step 2: second shaft coupling is disconnected, the motor shaft of torque rotational speed meters and generator is disconnected；
Step 3: it is rotated under wind speed setting using incoming flow driving wind wheel, and measures the no-load speed of wind wheel；
Step 4: engagement second shaft coupling connects torque rotational speed meters, generator and motor in series；
Step 5: it is adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter to motor, and is rotated by motor drive wind wheel；
Step 6: the axis torque and revolving speed of wind wheel are measured by torque rotational speed meters, passes through the defeated of power meter measures generator
The output power data of the axis torque and rotary speed data of wind wheel and generator are transferred in computer by power out；
Step 7: the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel, the generating efficiency and power generation of wind turbine system is calculated using computer
Engine efficiency.
The revolving speed of the motor needs the no-load speed lower than wind wheel, and motor is as the negative of wind turbine system at this time
It carries, while changing the revolving speed of motor by frequency converter, and then the revolving speed of change generator and wind wheel, realize same wind speed and not
It is tested while with wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency under revolving speed.
For the pneumatic efficiency of the wind wheel by power coefficient as the change curve of tip-speed ratio is evaluated, wind energy is sharp
Calculation formula with coefficient and tip-speed ratio is
Cp=2PM/ρAV3
λ=wR/V
Wherein, PM=2 π nM/60, in formula, PMFor wind wheel mechanical output, n is wind speed round, and M is rotor shaft torque, CPFor
Power coefficient, ρ are atmospheric density, and A is swept area of rotor, and V is arrives stream wind speed, and λ is tip-speed ratio, and w is wind wheel rotation angle
Degree speed, R are wind wheel radius of turn.
The calculation formula of the generating efficiency of the wind turbine system is
ηt=2PG/ρAV3
In formula, ηtFor wind turbine system generating efficiency, PGFor generated output power, ρ is atmospheric density, and A is rotor swept
Area, V are arrives stream wind speed.
The calculation formula of the generator efficiency is
ηg=ηt/Cp
In formula, ηgFor generator efficiency, ηtFor wind turbine system generating efficiency, CPFor power coefficient.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention has made further compared with the Chinese patent of Patent No. ZL201610781702.7 in loading method
Innovation, be firstly introduced load of the motor as wind turbine system, i.e., wind energy conversion system is unloaded maximum to be turned when motor speed is less than
When fast, motor itself can regard load as, and the revolving speed by changing motor can obtain the experimental data under full revolving speed.
The present invention can satisfy the shaft resistance type windmill of various models and the test needs of lift-type wind energy conversion system, only pass through one
Secondary experimentation can obtain the pneumatic efficiency of wind mill wind wheel and the generating efficiency of wind turbine system simultaneously, effectively prevent adopting
With independent experiment twice, existing items error, not only ensure that the accuracy of generator efficiency, and can effectively improve
Conventional efficient.
As shown in Fig. 2, being small-sized horizontal-shaft wind turbine power with rotation speed change curve graph, it can be seen in the drawing that passing through
The Chinese patent of Patent No. ZL201610781702.7 can only measure experimental data under the revolving speed of part, and then survey through the invention
The experimental datas such as the power under full revolving speed are gone out, have effectively overcome in Patent No. ZL201610781702.7 through the invention
The limitation of state's patent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus of the invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is small-sized horizontal-shaft wind turbine power with rotation speed change curve graph；
In figure, 1-pedestal, 2-wind wheels, 3-generators, 4-torque rotational speed meters, 5-power meters, 6-resistance, 7-wind
Hole test section, 8-transmission shafts, 9-motor, 10-frequency converters, 11-bearing support blocks, 12-computers, the 13-the first connection
Axis device, 14-second shaft couplings, 15-third shaft couplings.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, including pedestal 1, wind wheel
2, generator 3, torque rotational speed meters 4, power meter 5, motor 9 and frequency converter 10, the generator 3 use double end generator；Institute
It states pedestal 1 to be fixed in test chamber 7, the generator 3 and torque rotational speed meters 4 are fixedly mounted on pedestal 1, torque
4 one end of rotational speed meters is connected with transmission shaft 8 by first shaft coupling 13, and the wind wheel 2 is fixedly mounted on transmission shaft 8, and wind wheel 2
Positioned at the upstream of 7 direction of flow of test chamber；4 other end of torque rotational speed meters passes through second shaft coupling 14 and generator 3
Motor shaft one end be fixedly connected with, the motor shaft other end of generator 3 is mutually consolidated by the motor shaft of third shaft coupling 15 and motor 9
Even；The frequency converter 10 is connected with motor 9, is adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter 10 to motor 9；The power meter
5 are connected with generator 3；The data output end of the torque rotational speed meters 4 and power meter 5 is connected with computer 12.
Resistance 6 is connected between the power meter 5 and generator 3, the generator 3, power meter 5 and resistance 6 are constituted
Closed circuit.
Bearing support block 11 is installed between the transmission shaft 8 and pedestal 1, by setting bearing support block 11 with to prevent
The only malformation of transmission shaft 8 when rotated.
The transmission shaft 8, torque rotational speed meters 4, generator 3 and test chamber 7 longitudinal center line coincide.
A kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring, are pneumatically imitated using the wind energy conversion system
Rate and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, include the following steps:
Step 1: the wind speed in test chamber 7 is set；
Step 2: second shaft coupling 14 is disconnected, torque rotational speed meters 4 and the motor shaft of generator 3 are disconnected；
Step 3: it is rotated under wind speed setting using incoming flow driving wind wheel 2, and measures the no-load speed of wind wheel 2；
Step 4: engagement second shaft coupling 14 connects torque rotational speed meters 4, generator 3 and the series connection of motor 9；
Step 5: being adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter 10 to motor 9, and drives 2 turns of wind wheel by motor 9
It is dynamic；
Step 6: measuring the axis torque and revolving speed of wind wheel 2 by torque rotational speed meters 4, measures generator 3 by power meter 5
Output power, the output power data of the axis torque and rotary speed data of wind wheel 2 and generator 3 are transferred to computer 12
In；
Step 7: the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel 2, the generating efficiency and hair of wind turbine system is calculated using computer 12
3 efficiency of motor.
The revolving speed of the motor 9 needs the no-load speed lower than wind wheel 2, and motor 9 is as wind turbine system at this time
Load, at the same by the revolving speed of the change motor 9 of frequency converter 13, and then change the revolving speed of generator 3 and wind wheel 2, it realizes same
It is tested while wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency under wind speed and different rotating speeds.
The pneumatic efficiency of the wind wheel 2 by power coefficient as the change curve of tip-speed ratio is evaluated, wind energy
The calculation formula of usage factor and tip-speed ratio is
Cp=2PM/ρAV3
λ=wR/V
Wherein, PM=2 π nM/60, in formula, PMFor wind wheel mechanical output, n is wind speed round, and M is rotor shaft torque, CPFor
Power coefficient, ρ are atmospheric density, and A is swept area of rotor, and V is arrives stream wind speed, and λ is tip-speed ratio, and w is wind wheel rotation angle
Degree speed, R are wind wheel radius of turn.
The calculation formula of the generating efficiency of the wind turbine system is
ηt=2PG/ρAV3
In formula, ηtFor wind turbine system generating efficiency, PGFor generated output power, ρ is atmospheric density, and A is rotor swept
Area, V are arrives stream wind speed.
The calculation formula of 3 efficiency of generator is
ηg=ηt/Cp
In formula, ηgFor generator efficiency, ηtFor wind turbine system generating efficiency, CPFor power coefficient.
The scope of patent protection that scheme in embodiment is not intended to limit the invention, it is all without departing from carried out by the present invention etc.
Effect implements or change, is both contained in the scope of the patents of this case.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, including pedestal, wind wheel, generator, torque
Rotational speed meters and power meter, it is characterised in that: further include motor and frequency converter, the generator uses double end generator；It is described
Pedestal is fixed in test chamber, and the generator and torque rotational speed meters are fixedly mounted on pedestal, torque rotational speed meters
One end is connected with transmission shaft by first shaft coupling, and the wind wheel is fixedly mounted on transmission shaft, and wind wheel is located at wind tunnel test
The upstream of section direction of flow；The torque rotational speed meters other end is mutually solid by second shaft coupling and motor shaft one end of generator
Even, the motor shaft other end of generator is fixedly connected with by the motor shaft of third shaft coupling and motor；The frequency converter with it is electronic
Machine is connected, and is adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter to motor；The power meter is connected with generator；The torque axis
The data output end of fast instrument and power meter is connected with computer.
2. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 1 and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, feature
It is: is connected with resistance between the power meter and generator, the generator, power meter and resistance constitutes closed circuit.
3. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 1 and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, feature
It is: bearing support block is installed between the transmission shaft and pedestal, by setting bearing support block to prevent transmission shaft
Malformation when rotated.
4. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 1 and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, feature
Be: the transmission shaft, torque rotational speed meters, generator and test chamber longitudinal center line coincide.
5. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring use wind-force described in claim 1
Machine pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1: the wind speed in test chamber is set；
Step 2: second shaft coupling is disconnected, the motor shaft of torque rotational speed meters and generator is disconnected；
Step 3: it is rotated under wind speed setting using incoming flow driving wind wheel, and measures the no-load speed of wind wheel；
Step 4: engagement second shaft coupling connects torque rotational speed meters, generator and motor in series；
Step 5: it is adjusted by revolving speed of the frequency converter to motor, and is rotated by motor drive wind wheel；
Step 6: the axis torque and revolving speed of wind wheel are measured by torque rotational speed meters, passes through the output work of power meter measures generator
The output power data of the axis torque and rotary speed data of wind wheel and generator are transferred in computer by rate；
Step 7: the pneumatic efficiency of wind wheel, the generating efficiency and generator effect of wind turbine system is calculated using computer
Rate.
6. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 5 and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring, feature
Be: the revolving speed of the motor needs the no-load speed lower than wind wheel, load of the motor as wind turbine system at this time, together
When change the revolving speed of motor by frequency converter, and then change the revolving speed of generator and wind wheel, realize same wind speed and different turn
Wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency while under speed are tested.
7. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 6 and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring, feature
Be: the pneumatic efficiency of the wind wheel by power coefficient as the change curve of tip-speed ratio is evaluated, wind energy utilization
The calculation formula of coefficient and tip-speed ratio is
Cp=2PM/ρAV3
λ=wR/V
Wherein, PM=2 π nM/60, in formula, PMFor wind wheel mechanical output, n is wind speed round, and M is rotor shaft torque, CPFor wind energy
Usage factor, ρ are atmospheric density, and A is swept area of rotor, and V is arrives stream wind speed, and λ is tip-speed ratio, and w is that wind wheel rotates angle speed,
R is wind wheel radius of turn.
8. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 7 and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring, feature
Be: the calculation formula of the generating efficiency of the wind turbine system is
ηt=2PG/ρAV3
In formula, ηtFor wind turbine system generating efficiency, PGFor generated output power, ρ is atmospheric density, and A is rotor swept face
Product, V is arrives stream wind speed.
9. a kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency according to claim 8 and system generating efficiency method for synchronously measuring, feature
Be: the calculation formula of the generator efficiency is
ηg=ηt/Cp
In formula, ηgFor generator efficiency, ηtFor wind turbine system generating efficiency, CPFor power coefficient.
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| CN109458307B CN109458307B (en) | 2023-08-08 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110513250A (en) * | 2019-09-03 | 2019-11-29 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of energy collecting type horizontal axis wind turbine machine control system and method |
| CN112461420A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-09 | 北京纳米能源与系统研究所 | Method and device for detecting energy conversion efficiency of rotary generator and controller |
| CN113884269A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2022-01-04 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Wind tunnel test device for double-wind-wheel generator set |
| CN114151290A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-03-08 | 明阳智慧能源集团股份公司 | Wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system and implementation method thereof |
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