CN106194603B - A kind of device and method of synchronism detection wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and generating efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of device and method of synchronism detection wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and generating efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置及方法，装置的底座固定在风洞试验段中，发电机及扭矩转速仪固装在底座上，扭矩转速仪一端连接有第一传动轴，风轮固装在第一传动轴上，风轮位于风洞试验段来流方向的上游；扭矩转速仪另一端连接有第二传动轴，第二传动轴与发电机的电机轴相固连；功率表与发电机相连接；扭矩转速仪和功率表的数据输出端与计算机相连；在功率表与发电机之间连接有滑动变阻器，发电机、功率表及滑动变阻器构成闭合电路，滑动变阻器作为发电机的负载。方法为：在设定风速下利用来流驱动风轮转动；测量风轮轴扭矩、转速及发电机输出功率；将测得数据传输到计算机中计算得到风轮气动效率、风力机整机及发电机的发电效率。
A device and method for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine. The base of the device is fixed in the wind tunnel test section, the generator and the torque tachometer are fixed on the base, and one end of the torque tachometer is connected to the first transmission shaft. The wind wheel is fixed on the first transmission shaft, and the wind wheel is located upstream of the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel test section; the other end of the torque tachometer is connected to the second transmission shaft, and the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the generator; The power meter is connected to the generator; the data output terminals of the torque tachometer and the power meter are connected to the computer; a sliding rheostat is connected between the power meter and the generator, and the generator, the power meter and the sliding rheostat form a closed circuit, and the sliding rheostat acts as generator load. The method is: use the incoming flow to drive the wind rotor to rotate at the set wind speed; measure the torque, speed and generator output power of the wind rotor shaft; transmit the measured data to the computer to calculate the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor, the complete wind turbine and the generator. power generation efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于风力机气动特性及功率特性测试技术领域，特别是涉及一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of testing the aerodynamic characteristics and power characteristics of a wind turbine, and in particular relates to a device and a method for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine.
背景技术Background technique
风能作为一种可再生的清洁能源，现已成为发展和应用最快的新能源之一，利用风能的最主要设备就是风力机，风轮和发电机又是风力机的两个重要组成部分，且风轮的气动效率和发电机的发电效率又直接决定了风力机的风能利用效率，因此需要对风轮的气动效率和发电机的发电效率进行准确测试，目前主要通过风洞实验来实现。As a renewable clean energy, wind energy has become one of the fastest-growing and applied new energy sources. The most important equipment for utilizing wind energy is the wind turbine. The wind wheel and the generator are two important components of the wind turbine. Moreover, the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor and the power generation efficiency of the generator directly determine the wind energy utilization efficiency of the wind turbine. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately test the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor and the power generation efficiency of the generator. At present, it is mainly realized through wind tunnel experiments.
上述的风洞实验可分为两种，第一种是针对风轮的气动效率进行测试的风洞实验，第二种是针对风力机整机的发电效率进行测试的风洞实验，且两种风洞实验是完全独立进行的。The above wind tunnel experiments can be divided into two types, the first is a wind tunnel experiment for testing the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor, the second is a wind tunnel experiment for testing the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, and the two Wind tunnel experiments are carried out completely independently.
对于第一种针对风轮的气动效率进行测试的风洞实验来说，其仅是用来评估风轮设计方案优劣程度的；对于第二种针对风力机整机的发电效率进行测试的风洞实验来说，其仅能够测得风力机整机的发电效率，而无法测得风轮的气动效率和发电机的发电效率，因此也无法用来准确评估风轮的气动效率和发电机的发电效率；由于风力机整机的发电效率是由风轮的气动效率与发电机的发电效率相匹配的结果，因此通过第二种风洞实验也难以解决发电机匹配问题。For the first type of wind tunnel experiment that tests the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor, it is only used to evaluate the pros and cons of the wind rotor design; for the second type of wind tunnel experiment that tests the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine As far as the hole experiment is concerned, it can only measure the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, but cannot measure the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor and the power generation efficiency of the generator, so it cannot be used to accurately evaluate the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor and the power generation efficiency of the generator. Power generation efficiency: Since the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine is the result of matching the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor with the power generation efficiency of the generator, it is difficult to solve the generator matching problem through the second wind tunnel experiment.
目前，发电机的发电效率只能通过独立的两种风洞实验所获取的数据计算得到，由于两种风洞实验所采用的实验设备不同，将不可避免的存在设备误差；再有，即使两种风洞实验中设定的风洞风速相同，但实际实验中的风洞风速的调节也会存在随机误差；因此，在诸多数据误差的影响下，很难保证发电机的发电效率的准确度。由于风洞实验必须分两次独立进行，导致实验过程费时费力，且实验效率不高。At present, the power generation efficiency of the generator can only be calculated by the data obtained from two independent wind tunnel experiments. Since the experimental equipment used in the two wind tunnel experiments is different, there will inevitably be equipment errors; The wind speed of the wind tunnel set in these wind tunnel experiments is the same, but the adjustment of the wind speed of the wind tunnel in the actual experiment will also have random errors; therefore, under the influence of many data errors, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the power generation efficiency of the generator . Since the wind tunnel experiment must be carried out independently in two parts, the experiment process is time-consuming and laborious, and the experiment efficiency is not high.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置及方法，仅通过一次实验过程就可同时获得风轮的气动效率和风力机整机的发电效率，有效避免了采用两次独立实验而存在的各项误差，不但保证了发电机的发电效率的准确度，而且有效提高了实验效率。Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine, which can simultaneously obtain the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor and the power generation efficiency of the complete wind turbine through only one experimental process. It effectively avoids various errors caused by two independent experiments, not only ensures the accuracy of the power generation efficiency of the generator, but also effectively improves the experimental efficiency.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置，包括底座、风轮、发电机、扭矩转速仪及功率表；所述底座固定设置在风洞试验段中，所述发电机及扭矩转速仪固定安装在底座上，扭矩转速仪一端连接有第一传动轴，所述风轮固定安装在第一传动轴上，且风轮位于风洞试验段来流方向的上游；所述扭矩转速仪另一端连接有第二传动轴，第二传动轴与发电机的电机轴通过联轴器相固连；所述功率表与发电机相连接；所述扭矩转速仪和功率表的数据输出端与计算机相连。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a device for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine, including a base, a wind wheel, a generator, a torque tachometer and a power meter; the base is fixedly arranged in a wind tunnel In the test section, the generator and the torque tachometer are fixedly installed on the base, one end of the torque tachometer is connected to the first transmission shaft, the wind wheel is fixedly installed on the first transmission shaft, and the wind wheel is located in the wind tunnel test section Upstream of the incoming flow direction; the other end of the torque tachometer is connected to a second transmission shaft, and the second transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the motor shaft of the generator through a coupling; the power meter is connected to the generator; the The data output terminals of the torque tachometer and the power meter are connected with the computer.
在所述功率表与发电机之间连接有滑动变阻器，所述发电机、功率表及滑动变阻器构成闭合电路，滑动变阻器作为发电机的负载。A sliding rheostat is connected between the power meter and the generator, the generator, the power meter and the sliding rheostat form a closed circuit, and the sliding rheostat acts as a load of the generator.
在所述第一传动轴、第二传动轴与底座之间均安装有轴承支撑座，通过设置轴承支撑座用以防止第一传动轴、第二传动轴在旋转时的结构变形。A bearing support seat is installed between the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft and the base, and the structure deformation of the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft during rotation is prevented by setting the bearing support seat.
所述第一传动轴、第二传动轴、扭矩转速仪、发电机及风洞试验段的轴向中心线相重合。The axial centerlines of the first transmission shaft, the second transmission shaft, the torque tachometer, the generator and the wind tunnel test section are coincident.
一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的方法，采用了所述的同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置，包括如下步骤：A method for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine, using the device for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：对风洞试验段内的风速进行设定，并在设定风速下利用来流驱动风轮转动；Step 1: Set the wind speed in the wind tunnel test section, and use the incoming flow to drive the wind wheel to rotate under the set wind speed;
步骤二：通过扭矩转速仪测量风轮的轴扭矩和转速，通过功率表测量发电机的输出功率，将风轮的轴扭矩和转速数据以及发电机的输出功率数据传输到计算机中；Step 2: Measure the shaft torque and rotational speed of the wind rotor through the torque tachometer, measure the output power of the generator through the wattmeter, and transmit the shaft torque and rotational speed data of the wind rotor and the output power data of the generator to the computer;
步骤三：利用计算机计算得到风轮的气动效率、风力机整机的发电效率以及发电机的发电效率。Step 3: Using a computer to calculate the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, and the power generation efficiency of the generator.
通过改变滑动变阻器的电阻来改变发电机的负载，进而改变发电机和风轮的转速，实现同一风速且不同转速下的风力机气动效率和发电效率的测试。By changing the resistance of the sliding rheostat to change the load of the generator, and then change the speed of the generator and the wind rotor, the test of the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of the wind turbine at the same wind speed and different speeds is realized.
所述风轮的气动效率通过风能利用系数随着尖速比的变化曲线进行评价，风能利用系数及尖速比的计算公式为The aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor is evaluated by the change curve of the wind energy utilization coefficient along with the tip speed ratio, and the calculation formulas of the wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio are:
Cp＝2PM/ρAV3 C p =2P M /ρAV 3
λ＝wR/Vλ=wR/V
其中，PM＝2πnM/60，式中，PM为风轮机械功率，n为风轮转速，M为风轮轴扭矩，CP为风能利用系数，ρ为空气密度，A为风轮扫掠面积，V为来流风速，λ为尖速比，w为风轮旋转角度速，R为风轮旋转半径。Among them, P M =2πnM/60, where P M is the mechanical power of the wind rotor, n is the rotational speed of the wind rotor, M is the torque of the wind rotor shaft, C P is the wind energy utilization coefficient, ρ is the air density, and A is the sweep of the wind rotor Area, V is the incoming wind speed, λ is the tip speed ratio, w is the rotational angular speed of the wind rotor, and R is the rotational radius of the wind rotor.
所述风力机整机的发电效率的计算公式为The calculation formula of the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine complete machine is
ηt＝2PG/ρAV3 η t =2P G /ρAV 3
式中，ηt为风力机整机发电效率，PG为发电机输出功率，ρ为空气密度，A为风轮扫掠面积，V为来流风速。In the formula, η t is the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, PG is the output power of the generator, ρ is the air density, A is the swept area of the wind rotor, and V is the incoming wind speed.
所述发电机的发电效率的计算公式为The calculation formula of the generating efficiency of described generator is
ηg＝ηt/Cp η g =η t /C p
式中，ηg为发电机发电效率，ηt为风力机整机发电效率，CP为风能利用系数。In the formula, η g is the power generation efficiency of the generator, η t is the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, and C P is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明与现有技术相比，仅通过一次实验过程就可同时获得风轮的气动效率和风力机整机的发电效率，有效避免了采用两次独立实验而存在的各项误差，不但保证了发电机的发电效率的准确度，而且有效提高了实验效率。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can simultaneously obtain the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor and the power generation efficiency of the complete wind turbine through only one experiment process, effectively avoiding various errors caused by two independent experiments, and not only ensuring The accuracy of the power generation efficiency of the generator is improved, and the experimental efficiency is effectively improved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a kind of synchronous test device structural representation of wind turbine aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of the present invention;
图中，1—底座，2—风轮，3—发电机，4—扭矩转速仪，5—功率表，6—滑动变阻器，7—风洞试验段，8—第一传动轴，9—第二传动轴，10—联轴器，11—轴承支撑座，12—计算机。In the figure, 1—base, 2—wind wheel, 3—generator, 4—torque tachometer, 5—power meter, 6—sliding rheostat, 7—wind tunnel test section, 8—first transmission shaft, 9—the first Two transmission shafts, 10—coupling, 11—bearing support seat, 12—computer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1所示，一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置，包括底座1、风轮2、发电机3、扭矩转速仪4及功率表5；所述底座1固定设置在风洞试验段7中，所述发电机3及扭矩转速仪4固定安装在底座1上，扭矩转速仪4一端连接有第一传动轴8，所述风轮2固定安装在第一传动轴8上，且风轮2位于风洞试验段7来流方向的上游；所述扭矩转速仪4另一端连接有第二传动轴9，第二传动轴9与发电机3的电机轴通过联轴器10相固连；所述功率表5与发电机3相连接；所述扭矩转速仪4和功率表5的数据输出端与计算机12相连。As shown in Figure 1, a device for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine includes a base 1, a wind wheel 2, a generator 3, a torque tachometer 4, and a power meter 5; the base 1 is fixed in a wind tunnel In the test section 7, the generator 3 and the torque tachometer 4 are fixedly installed on the base 1, and one end of the torque tachometer 4 is connected to the first transmission shaft 8, and the wind wheel 2 is fixedly installed on the first transmission shaft 8, And the wind wheel 2 is located at the upstream of the incoming flow direction of the wind tunnel test section 7; the other end of the torque tachometer 4 is connected to a second transmission shaft 9, and the second transmission shaft 9 is connected to the motor shaft of the generator 3 through a coupling 10. Fixed connection; the power meter 5 is connected with the generator 3; the data output terminals of the torque tachometer 4 and the power meter 5 are connected with the computer 12.
在所述功率表5与发电机3之间连接有滑动变阻器6，所述发电机3、功率表5及滑动变阻器6构成闭合电路，滑动变阻器6作为发电机3的负载。A sliding rheostat 6 is connected between the power meter 5 and the generator 3 , the generator 3 , the power meter 5 and the sliding rheostat 6 form a closed circuit, and the sliding rheostat 6 is used as a load of the generator 3 .
在所述第一传动轴8、第二传动轴9与底座1之间均安装有轴承支撑座11，通过设置轴承支撑座11用以防止第一传动轴8、第二传动轴9在旋转时的结构变形。A bearing support seat 11 is installed between the first transmission shaft 8, the second transmission shaft 9 and the base 1, and the bearing support seat 11 is set to prevent the first transmission shaft 8 and the second transmission shaft 9 from rotating structural deformation.
所述第一传动轴8、第二传动轴9、扭矩转速仪4、发电机3及风洞试验段7的轴向中心线相重合。The axial centerlines of the first transmission shaft 8 , the second transmission shaft 9 , the torque tachometer 4 , the generator 3 and the wind tunnel test section 7 coincide.
一种同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的方法，采用了所述的同步测试风力机气动效率和发电效率的装置，包括如下步骤：A method for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine, using the device for synchronously testing the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of a wind turbine, comprising the following steps:
步骤一：对风洞试验段7内的风速进行设定，并在设定风速下利用来流驱动风轮2转动；Step 1: Set the wind speed in the wind tunnel test section 7, and use the incoming flow to drive the wind wheel 2 to rotate under the set wind speed;
步骤二：通过扭矩转速仪4测量风轮2的轴扭矩和转速，通过功率表5测量发电机3的输出功率，将风轮2的轴扭矩和转速数据以及发电机3的输出功率数据传输到计算机12中；Step 2: measure the shaft torque and speed of the wind rotor 2 through the torque tachometer 4, measure the output power of the generator 3 through the power meter 5, and transmit the shaft torque and speed data of the wind rotor 2 and the output power data of the generator 3 to in computer 12;
步骤三：利用计算机12计算得到风轮2的气动效率、风力机整机的发电效率以及发电机3的发电效率。Step 3: use the computer 12 to calculate the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind rotor 2 , the power generation efficiency of the whole wind turbine and the power generation efficiency of the generator 3 .
通过改变滑动变阻器6的电阻来改变发电机3的负载，进而改变发电机3和风轮2的转速，实现同一风速且不同转速下的风力机气动效率和发电效率的测试。By changing the resistance of the sliding rheostat 6 to change the load of the generator 3, and then change the speed of the generator 3 and the wind wheel 2, the test of the aerodynamic efficiency and power generation efficiency of the wind turbine at the same wind speed and different speeds is realized.
所述风轮2的气动效率通过风能利用系数随着尖速比的变化曲线进行评价，风能利用系数及尖速比的计算公式为The aerodynamic efficiency of the wind wheel 2 is evaluated by the change curve of the wind energy utilization coefficient along with the tip speed ratio, and the calculation formula of the wind energy utilization coefficient and the tip speed ratio is:
Cp＝2PM/ρAV3 C p =2P M /ρAV 3
λ＝wR/Vλ=wR/V
其中，PM＝2πnM/60，式中，PM为风轮机械功率，n为风轮转速，M为风轮轴扭矩，CP为风能利用系数，ρ为空气密度，A为风轮扫掠面积，V为来流风速，λ为尖速比，w为风轮旋转角度速，R为风轮旋转半径。Among them, P M =2πnM/60, where P M is the mechanical power of the wind rotor, n is the rotational speed of the wind rotor, M is the torque of the wind rotor shaft, C P is the wind energy utilization coefficient, ρ is the air density, and A is the sweep of the wind rotor Area, V is the incoming wind speed, λ is the tip speed ratio, w is the rotational angular speed of the wind rotor, and R is the rotational radius of the wind rotor.
所述风力机整机的发电效率的计算公式为The calculation formula of the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine complete machine is
ηt＝2PG/ρAV3 η t =2P G /ρAV 3
式中，ηt为风力机整机发电效率，PG为发电机输出功率，ρ为空气密度，A为风轮扫掠面积，V为来流风速。In the formula, η t is the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, PG is the output power of the generator, ρ is the air density, A is the swept area of the wind rotor, and V is the incoming wind speed.
所述发电机3的发电效率的计算公式为The calculation formula of the generating efficiency of described generator 3 is
ηg＝ηt/Cp η g =η t /C p
式中，ηg为发电机发电效率，ηt为风力机整机发电效率，CP为风能利用系数。In the formula, η g is the power generation efficiency of the generator, η t is the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine, and C P is the wind energy utilization coefficient.
实施例中的方案并非用以限制本发明的专利保护范围，凡未脱离本发明所为的等效实施或变更，均包含于本案的专利范围中。The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of patent protection of the present invention, and all equivalent implementations or changes that do not deviate from the present invention are included in the patent scope of this case.
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