CN108661860A - A kind of wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system for wind tunnel test - Google Patents
A kind of wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system for wind tunnel test Download PDFInfo
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- CN108661860A CN108661860A CN201810633204.7A CN201810633204A CN108661860A CN 108661860 A CN108661860 A CN 108661860A CN 201810633204 A CN201810633204 A CN 201810633204A CN 108661860 A CN108661860 A CN 108661860A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
- F03D7/044—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic with PID control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种用于风洞试验的风力发电机转速测控系统，包括风力发电机、调理电路、数据采集卡、整流器、上位机以及可编程直流电子负载，所述可编程直流电子负载通过整流器连接于所述风力发电机的输出端；所述调理电路输入端与所述发电机输出端相连获得分压并输出分压的电压变化信号，所述上位机通过所述数据采集卡获得所述调整电路输出的频率转换成所述风力发电机的实时转速，并与目标转速比较，通过PID控制器计算出控制量调节所述可编程直流电子负载。采用本发明，使用可编程的直流电子负载作为电能消耗设备，根据上位机中自动计算的实时PID控制量进行直流电子负载电压值设定，从而改变负载值即发电机的反转矩，达到目标控制转速。
The embodiment of the present invention discloses a wind power generator rotation speed measurement and control system for wind tunnel test, including wind power generator, conditioning circuit, data acquisition card, rectifier, host computer and programmable DC electronic load, the programmable DC electronic load The load is connected to the output terminal of the wind power generator through a rectifier; the input terminal of the conditioning circuit is connected to the output terminal of the generator to obtain a divided voltage and output a voltage change signal of the divided voltage, and the host computer passes the data acquisition card The frequency obtained from the output of the adjustment circuit is converted into the real-time rotational speed of the wind power generator, and compared with the target rotational speed, and the control quantity is calculated by the PID controller to adjust the programmable DC electronic load. With the present invention, the programmable DC electronic load is used as the power consumption device, and the DC electronic load voltage value is set according to the real-time PID control amount automatically calculated in the upper computer, thereby changing the load value, that is, the reverse torque of the generator, to achieve the target Control the speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind-driven generator field more particularly to a kind of wind-driven generator rotating speeds for wind tunnel test
TT＆C system.
Background technology
Wind energy becomes increasingly conspicuous as a kind of proportion of clean reproducible energy in China's energy resource structure, and wind tunnel experiment is wind
The key link of power machine design, and wind tunnel experiment is based on motor speed observing and controlling basis.Wall surface meeting in wind tunnel experiment
Blocking action is generated to air-flow, wind turbine itself operates the turbulence effect that can also increase air-flow, and the motor in wind tunnel experiment is caused to turn
The extremely difficult control of speed.
Traditional wind energy conversion system rotating speed investigating method is to deal with device with microcontroller, designs PI controllers or open loop is tabled look-up control
Device realizes data acquisition and output with the expansion module of microcontroller.This investigating method inconvenience is installed in wind-tunnel, and is existed
It is not easy to extend, programs the defects of complicated, anti-interference ability is not strong enough, rotating speed control is not enough precisely stablized, be not suitable for wind tunnel experiment
Rotating speed observing and controlling.Meanwhile the prior art also uses slide rheostat to adjust resistive torque, but because the implementation method of slide rheostat is
Opened loop control, and cannot achieve automatic adjustment.When fluctuations in wind speed or when there are other disturbing factors, need constantly to manually change cunning
Moving rheostatic resistance value could keep rotating speed in desired value, and dynamic characteristic is poor.
Invention content
Technical problem to be solved of the embodiment of the present invention is, provides a kind of wind-driven generator for wind tunnel test turn
Fast TT＆C system.Can solve the problems, such as that wind-driven generator rotating speed is difficult to be precisely controlled in wind tunnel test.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of wind-driven generators for wind tunnel test to turn
Fast TT＆C system, including wind-driven generator, modulate circuit, data collecting card, rectifier, host computer and programmable DC electronics
Load, the wind-driven generator are set in wind-tunnel, and the programmable DC electronic load is connected to the wind by rectifier
The output end of power generator；The modulate circuit input terminal is connected with the generator output end to be divided and exports partial pressure
Voltage change signal, the host computer obtain the frequency conversion of the adjustment circuit output at described by the data collecting card
The real-time rotating speed of wind-driven generator, and compared with rotating speed of target, controlled quentity controlled variable is calculated by PID controller and adjusts described may be programmed
DC Electronic Loads.
Further, the controlled quentity controlled variable is obtained by controlled quentity controlled variable increment Delta u (k) progress transforms, the controlled quentity controlled variable increment Delta
U (k) passes through to enter formula calculating：
Δ u (k)=KP[e(k)-e(k-1)]+KIe(k)+KD[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]
U (k)=u (k-1)+Δ u (k)
Wherein, Kp、KiAnd KdRespectively ratio, integral and differential coefficient, deviation e (k) is for rotating speed desired value r (k) and in real time
The difference of tachometer value y (k).
Further, the PID controller is realized in Labview.
Further, the modulate circuit includes reversed one order inertia amplifying circuit and Schmidt trigger.
Implement the embodiment of the present invention, has the advantages that：The present invention uses programmable DC Electronic Loads conduct
Power consuming devices carry out DC Electronic Loads voltage value setting according to the real-time PID control amount calculated automatically in host computer, from
And change the load value i.e. countertorque of generator, reach target control rotating speed.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is control flow structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of modulate circuit.
Specific implementation mode
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below in conjunction with attached drawing
Step ground detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1.
A kind of wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system for wind tunnel test of the embodiment of the present invention, including wind-driven generator
02, modulate circuit 03, data collecting card 04, rectifier 07, host computer 05 and programmable DC electronic load 06, wind-power electricity generation
The wind wheel of machine 02 is set in wind-tunnel, and wind-driven generator 02 is magneto alternator.
Modulate circuit input terminal is connected with the two-phase in permanent-magnet synchronous threephase generator, output end is connected with capture card, uses
In the signal for receiving and handling permanent-magnet synchronous threephase alternator；Data collecting card input terminal and modulate circuit leading-out terminal
It is connected and is communicated by Ethernet protocol and host computer；Programmable DC electronic load is logical by RS485-USB with host computer
News line is communicated, and realizes the given of real time load value；Rectifier input connects the three-phase electricity of synchronous motor, output termination direct current
Electronic load, DC Electronic Loads electricity consumption make generator generate countertorque.
Wind wheel wind-engaging rotates, and the power generation of permanent-magnet synchronous threephase generator is driven to generate the voltage signal of near sinusoidal, improves
Voltage signal is processed into the square-wave signal that amplitude is 5V by circuit, and NI data collecting cards acquire square-wave signal, host computer Labview
Square-wave signal is read by DAQ assistant and measures its frequency to obtain the real-time rotating speed of generator, and is carried out with rotating speed of target value
Compare, controlled quentity controlled variable is calculated to adjust electronic load by PID controller, realizes the closed-loop control of rotating speed, and in Labview
The rotating speed of generator is monitored, when to break down, shutdown processing is carried out to permanent-magnet synchronous three-phase wind energy conversion system, prevents wind
Power machine hypervelocity causes blade damage or generator to burn out, and ultimately produces report.Because PID is realized in Labview, rotating speed is carried out
After monitoring, field adjustable is directly carried out by Labview front panels to pid parameter according to the dynamic response characteristic of rotating speed and is set
It sets.
Fig. 2 is the loop control theory figure based on PID in host computer LabView, to reduce accumulated error, using increment type
PID controller.Rotating speed desired value is set in host computer, and the difference of rotating speed desired value r (k) and real-time tachometer value y (k) is deviation e
(k), controlled quentity controlled variable increment Delta u (k) is formed by the ratio of deviation, integral and differential tricyclic linear combination, such as following formula, wherein Kp、KiWith
KdRespectively ratio, integral and differential coefficient are configured when debugging at the scene according to common pid adjustment method,.These three bases
This parameter constantly changes size in practical debugging routine.Controlled quentity controlled variable u (k) is obtained by z-transform, the controlled quentity controlled variable is as Electronic Negative
The voltage given value of load realizes the closed-loop control to rotating speed to change the countertorque of generator.
Δ u (k)=KP[e(k)-e(k-1)]+KIe(k)+KD[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]
U (k)=u (k-1)+Δ u (k)
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of modulate circuit.VCC is high level, and GND is ground.Generator three-phase output end one end access electricity
R1 is hindered, resistance R2 is accessed in one end, so that generator output voltage is divided by resistance R1 and R2 resistance value ratio, to make voltage be down to
The acceptable voltage range of electronic load.Transient supression diode TVS plays absorption and changes too fast generation by generator speed
Pulse, and eliminate the effect of unnecessary power supply noise interference.Rotation speed change is excessive and causes the increment mistake of PID loop section controlled quentity controlled variable
Greatly, so that generating excessive countertorque momentum, enormous impact is generated to wind energy conversion system.To be on the safe side, add a single order behind again
Inertial element.Capacitance C1, resistance R5, resistance R3 and resistance R4 and operational amplifier constitute reversed one order inertia amplifying circuit.
R4 constitutes voltage feedback loop.Schmidt trigger believes the sinusoidal voltage from amplification circuit output end according to the threshold value of setting
It number is converted into square wave electric signal, and is exported to NI data collecting cards.
Programmable DC electronic load is adjusted according to the control signal of host computer and is loaded, and power generation is acted on by rectifier
Machine, to reach control generator speed.Labview carries out load to DC Electronic Loads by electronic load control module and gives
It is fixed, module can carry out communications setting (selection of baud rate, stop position etc.) and model selection (constant current, constant-resistance, constant pressure, invariable power,
Constant current+constant pressure, constant-resistance+constant pressure), and real-time current, power and the voltage of electronic load can be read by module.
The prior art uses slide rheostat as load, and at low cost but precision is not high, and reaction is slow, and adjustable extent is small, surely
Qualitative difference, it is difficult to which realization automatically controls, poor anti jamming capability.
The present invention uses programmable DC Electronic Loads as power consuming devices, when programmable DC Electronic Loads
It is communicated with host computer, DC Electronic Loads voltage value can be carried out according to the real-time PID control amount calculated automatically in host computer
Setting can realize to automatically control more conveniently to change the load value i.e. countertorque of generator.Programmable direct current
Electronic load degree of regulation is higher, while can be monitored to voltage and power with more convenient, and one is provided to live PID debugging
Fixed reference.
Existing wind energy conversion system rotating speed investigating method is to deal with device with microcontroller, designs PI controllers or open loop is tabled look-up control
Device expands module with microcontroller and realizes data acquisition.Microcontroller does not have as cheap processor, producer when design
It is excessive to consider interference free performance and difficult realization condition monitoring.
The present invention carries out data acquisition using U.S.'s NI data collecting cards, before data acquisition, to the sine containing noise
Wave signal is handled, and square wave is obtained, and to measure, host computer LabView can easily adopt data with DAQ assistant
The data of truck, which are handled, obtains rotating speed, and carries out condition monitoring to acquisition signal, according to the dynamic response characteristic of rotating speed
Field adjustable and setting directly are carried out by Labview front panels to pid parameter.
It is above disclosed to be only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power of the present invention cannot be limited with this certainly
Sharp range, therefore equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of the present invention, are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system for wind tunnel test, which is characterized in that including wind-driven generator, conditioning
Circuit, data collecting card, rectifier, host computer and programmable DC electronic load, the wind wheel setting of the wind-driven generator
In wind-tunnel, the programmable DC electronic load is connected to the output end of the wind-driven generator by rectifier；The tune
Reason circuit input end is connected with the generator output end is divided and is exported the voltage change signal of partial pressure, the host computer
The frequency conversion of adjustment circuit output is obtained into the real-time rotating speed of the wind-driven generator by the data collecting card, and
Compared with rotating speed of target, controlled quentity controlled variable is calculated by PID controller and adjusts the programmable DC electronic load.
2. the wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system according to claim 1 for wind tunnel test, which is characterized in that described
Controlled quentity controlled variable carries out transform by controlled quentity controlled variable increment Delta u (k) and obtains, and the controlled quentity controlled variable increment Delta u (k) passes through to enter formula calculating：
Δ u (k)=KP[e(k)-e(k-1)]+KIe(k)+KD[e(k)-2e(k-1)+e(k-2)]
U (k)=u (k-1)+Δ u (k)
Wherein, Kp、KiAnd KdRespectively ratio, integral and differential coefficient, deviation e (k) are rotating speed desired value r (k) and real-time rotating speed
The difference of value y (k).
3. the wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system according to claim 1 or 2 for wind tunnel test, which is characterized in that
The PID controller is realized in Labview.
4. the wind-driven generator rotating speed TT＆C system according to claim 3 for wind tunnel test, which is characterized in that described
Modulate circuit includes reversed one order inertia amplifying circuit and Schmidt trigger.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109458307A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus and method |
| CN109655763A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-19 | 武汉精能电子技术有限公司 | The control method and circuit of constant voltage mode DC Electronic Loads |
| CN109653964A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of wind energy conversion system aerodynamic experiment blockage correction method |
| CN109779850A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-21 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | A kind of the tip-speed ratio control system and method for wind mill wind wheel test |
| CN111896025A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 江苏广义牵引技术研究所有限公司 | Railway state and highway state mileage recording system and method for railway vehicles |
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| CN109655763A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-04-19 | 武汉精能电子技术有限公司 | The control method and circuit of constant voltage mode DC Electronic Loads |
| CN109655763B (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2021-07-06 | 武汉精能电子技术有限公司 | Control method and circuit of constant voltage mode direct current electronic load |
| CN109458307A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-12 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of wind energy conversion system pneumatic efficiency and system generating efficiency synchronous measuring apparatus and method |
| CN109458307B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2023-08-08 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Device and method for synchronous measurement of wind turbine aerodynamic efficiency and system power generation efficiency |
| CN109779850A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-21 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | A kind of the tip-speed ratio control system and method for wind mill wind wheel test |
| CN109779850B (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2022-01-11 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Tip speed ratio control system and method for wind turbine wind wheel test |
| CN109653964A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | A kind of wind energy conversion system aerodynamic experiment blockage correction method |
| CN111896025A (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2020-11-06 | 江苏广义牵引技术研究所有限公司 | Railway state and highway state mileage recording system and method for railway vehicles |
| CN112248824A (en) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-01-22 | 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 | Method and device for controlling vehicle traction power |
| CN114542381A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-05-27 | 广州赛特新能源科技发展有限公司 | Power control method, device and system for breeze generator |
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Inventor after: Chen Yan Inventor after: Zheng Liming Inventor after: Chen Yi Inventor after: Lai Liangwen Inventor before: Chen Yan Inventor before: Deng Yong Inventor before: Zheng Liming Inventor before: Chen Yi Inventor before: Lai Liangwen |
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Application publication date: 20181016 |