CN104819098B - A kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor - Google Patents
A kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104819098B CN104819098B CN201510176090.4A CN201510176090A CN104819098B CN 104819098 B CN104819098 B CN 104819098B CN 201510176090 A CN201510176090 A CN 201510176090A CN 104819098 B CN104819098 B CN 104819098B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor, its step is：1) by testing the relation curve between acquisition maximal wind-energy capture and motor speed；2) analysis is modeled to generator electromagnetic torque；3) transmission chain model is analyzed in maximal power tracing state；4) relation between optimum output power and induction machine synchronizing speed is determined, and sets up look-up table；5) it is a kind of adaptive controller of system design.The present invention need not use the rotating speed and wind-force size and Orientation for measuring wind-driven generator, it is possible to realize maximal power tracing of the wind-driven generator in low wind speeds.Because the size and Orientation of wind is influenceed by a variety of causes it is difficult to ensure that constant always, accurate measurement process is complicated and improves system cost.Therefore, need to measure the measurement problem that wind-force size and Orientation is faced present invention efficiently solves general wind power generation system, system cost is reduced to a certain extent.
Description
Technical field
Speed is not needed the present invention relates to a kind of wind generator system maximal power tracing control field, more particularly to one kind
The control method of the maximal power tracing of sensor.
Background technology
Wind on room and time it is difficult to ensure that constant always, its unpredictability, intermittence, the abundant profit of wind energy in addition
With being faced with lot of challenges.More in current wind generator system is that speed change starches system surely, blower fan obtain wind energy and
The blade tip speed of wind wheel is related to the ratio (tip speed ratio) of wind speed.When wind speed is relatively low, the purpose of control is exactly with wind
Speed change, the rotating speed of blower fan is adjusted by power electronic equipment, blade tip ratio is in optimum value, it is ensured that the wind energy that blower fan is captured
Maximum, generating efficiency highest.
Existing wind generator system maximum power tracking and controlling method mainly has following several：
1) direct rotating speed control methods：With the change of wind speed, the size of measurement wind speed and rotation speed of fan, by adjusting wind
The rotating speed of machine makes blade tip than keeping constant, and is optimum constant values, to reach the purpose of maximal power tracing.This method is to just
Often operation, measurement wind speed and rotation speed of fan size are indispensable processes, and the size of wind speed is difficult to accurate measurement, and
And the use of velocity sensor, add the operating cost of system.
2) perturbation observation method (hill climbing)：Appropriate disturbance △ ω are carried out to the rotating speed of blower fanwObservation blower fan is obtained afterwards
The change △ P of mechanical outputw, until (△ Pw/△ωw)=0, the wind energy that now blower fan is captured is maximum.Though such a control strategy
The parameters of blower fan are not needed so and blower fan can be obtained maximal wind-energy priori under different wind speed, but it is this
Control is suitable only for small inertia blower fan system, and for the blower fan system with medium or larger inertia, the rotating speed of blower fan is not
It can rapidly change with the change of wind speed, cause control effect to decline, and it also requires velocity sensor, adds and run into
This.
3) Feedback of Power method (best power-speed curves method)：This strategy is firstly the need of acquisition maximal wind-energy capture and wind
Relation curve between machine rotating speed, the purpose of control is exactly to determine that blower fan maximal wind-energy is caught by measuring the size of rotation speed of fan
Obtain, be used as a reference value of controller.Although the method need not measure the size of wind speed, be faced with measurement rotation speed of fan and
The problem of blower fan Maximum Power Output, the suboptimum state of maximal power tracing can only be in, can reach substantially peak power with
The purpose of track.
The content of the invention
For above shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of reduction control system cost without speed
The wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of sensor.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical scheme：
A kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor, this method comprises the following steps：
1) by testing the relation curve between acquisition maximal wind-energy capture and motor speed:
Wind wheel capture pneumatic power and rotation speed of fan between relation be
Relation between the machine torque and rotation speed of fan of blower fan is
Wherein, PwoptFor maximum capture power, ωwoptFor PwoptCorresponding blower fan optimum speed, ρ is atmospheric density；R
For impeller Plane of rotation radius, Cp(λopt) for optimal blade tip than corresponding power coefficient, λ=ωwR/ ν are blade tip speed
Than ωwFor the angular speed of blower fan, ν is wind speed；
Speed change starches wind generator system surely, as the big minor adjustment rotation speed of fan of wind speed makes blower fan blade tip ratio in optimal
Value, blower fan can reach maximal wind-energy capture, and the maximal wind-energy that can be captured and rotation speed of fan cube are directly proportional；
2) analysis is modeled to generator electromagnetic torque：
The electromagnetic torque of generator is
Wherein：ωsFor the synchronizing speed of generator, rrFor generator amature resistance, Ir(ωs) electric for the rotor of generator
Stream, s is the revolutional slip of generator, the rotating speed ω of generatorrRepresent, then s is expressed as
The variable related to the electromagnetic torque of generator is only ωs、ωr, therefore the electromagnetic torque of generator is expressed as Te
(ωs,ωr)；
3) transmission chain model is analyzed in maximal power tracing state：
Because generator is connected with transmission mechanism, if ignoring static and viscosity friction, the equation of its high speed shaft is expressed as
In formula, J is the rotary inertia of blower fan high speed shaft；TmecFor the machine torque of blower fan；TeTurn for the electromagnetism of generator
Square,
From formula (5), when wind generator system is in the in stable condition operation of maximal power tracing, then Tmec, Te(ωs,
ωr) meet
By formula (1), formula (2), when capture power PwoptWhen known, it may be determined that blower fan optimum speed ωwopt
And the best torque T of blower fanmecopt, and both one-to-one corresponding；Pass through formula (6) and known Tmecopt, ωroptCan be true
Determine generator optimal synchronisation speed omegas, mechanical level of torque and generator during generator maximal power tracing may finally be determined
Relation between synchronizing speed is Tmeopt(ωs)；
4) relation between optimum output power and induction machine synchronous angular velocity is determined, and sets up look-up table：
The optimal generated output of blower fan and the electromagnetic torque of generator and the relation of rotating speed are expressed as
Pωopt(ωsopt)=Tmeopt(ωsopt)×ωropt(Tmeopt) (7)
When the angular speed of input power is ωe, the synchronous angular velocity of corresponding generator is ωsWhen, due to mechanical loss,
The presence of copper loss, the electromotive power output of generator is PgoptMeet following formula
Pgopt=Pwopt(ωsopt)-Pmech-less-3rs|Is|2-3rr|Ir|2 (8)
Wherein：3rs|Is|2、3rr|Ir|2Copper loss respectively on generator unit stator and rotor, Pmech-lessFor machinery damage
Consumption, by different ωsoptGenerator peak power output P can be obtained by substituting into formula (8) respectivelygopt, and then P can be determinedgoptWith
ωsRelation, it is possible to the relation between them is stored in table one by one, look-up table is set up.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention need not use the rotating speed and wind-force size and side for measuring wind-driven generator
To, it is possible to realize maximal power tracing of the wind-driven generator in low wind speeds.Because the size and Orientation of wind is by a variety of causes
Influence it is difficult to ensure that constant always, accurate measurement process is complicated and adds the cost of system.Therefore, the present invention effectively
Solving general wind power generation system needs to measure the measurement problem that wind-force size and Orientation is faced, and reduces to a certain extent
System operation cost.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the wind-power electricity generation maximal power tracing schematic diagram of Speedless sensor；
Fig. 2 is maximum capture power and the relation curve of rotation speed of fan；
Fig. 3 is induction machine equivalent model；
Fig. 4 sets up process schematic for look-up table；
Fig. 5 is the wind-power electricity generation maximal power tracing circuit controling drawing of Speedless sensor；
Fig. 6 is that maximal power tracing analyzes schematic diagram when wind speed is a certain set-point.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
A kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor, its principle is as shown in figure 1, this method includes
Following steps：
1) by testing the relation curve between acquisition maximal wind-energy capture and motor speed:
The pneumatic power that can obtain wind wheel capture by Aerodynamics is expressed as
In formula：ρ is atmospheric density；R is impeller Plane of rotation radius；Cp(λ, β) is the power coefficient of wind energy conversion system；β
For propeller pitch angle；ν is wind speed；λ=ωwR/ ν are tip speed ratio, ωwFor the angular speed of blower fan.In the maximal power tracing stage, typically
The rotating speed of regulation blower fan, and propeller pitch angle keeps constant.The purpose of this stage control is exactly correspondingly to change as wind speed changes
The angular speed of blower fan, makes λ value be in optimal blade tip ratio, then power coefficient Cp(λ, β) keeps constant；
Wind wheel capture pneumatic power and rotation speed of fan between relation be
Relation between the machine torque and rotation speed of fan of blower fan is
Wherein, ωwoptFor capture power PwoptCorresponding blower fan optimum speed, Cp(λopt) corresponding to optimal blade tip ratio
Power coefficient.The relation curve of maximum capture power and rotation speed of fan is as shown in Figure 2.Can by formula (2) and formula (3)
Know, Pwopt、TmecoptIt is on ωwoptMonotonically increasing function, and and ωwoptCorrespond.
Speed change starches wind generator system surely, as the big minor adjustment rotation speed of fan of wind speed makes blower fan blade tip ratio in optimal
Value, blower fan can reach maximal wind-energy capture, and the maximal wind-energy that can be captured and rotation speed of fan cube are directly proportional.
2) analysis is modeled to generator electromagnetic torque：
When asynchronous machine is run below fundamental frequency, if magnetic flux is too weak, electric machine iron core is not made full use of；If magnetic flux
It is excessive, cause saturation unshakable in one's determination to produce excessive exciting current, also motor can be damaged because winding is overheated when serious.Therefore stator terminal is electric
Pressure generally uses constant voltage constant frequency control mode, that is, keeps VS/ωeIt is constant, wherein VSStator terminal voltage, ωeFor stator terminal power supply angle
Speed.ωsFor the synchronizing speed of generator, and it meets ωs=2 ωe/np, npRepresent electromagnetism number of pole-pairs.If therefore stator terminal voltage
Using constant voltage constant frequency control mode, then VS/ωsAlso constant, stator terminal voltage V will be keptSV (ω can be expressed ass)。
The equivalent model of induction machine is as shown in figure 3, wherein IrFor equivalent circuit rotor current, IsFor equivalent circuit stator
Electric current can be expressed as
The electromagnetic torque of generator is expressed as
Wherein：ωsFor the synchronizing speed of generator, rrFor generator amature resistance, Ir(ωs) electric for the rotor of generator
Stream, s is the revolutional slip of generator, the rotating speed ω of generatorrRepresent, then s is expressed as
From above-mentioned formula (4), formula (5), formula (6) and formula (7), the change related to the electromagnetic torque of generator
Amount is only ωs、ωr, the electromagnetic torque of generator can be expressed as Te(ωs,ωr)。
3) transmission chain model is analyzed in maximal power tracing state：
Because generator is connected with transmission mechanism, if ignoring static and viscosity friction, the equation of its high speed shaft is expressed as
In formula, J is the rotary inertia of blower fan high speed shaft；TmecFor the machine torque of blower fan；TeTurn for the electromagnetism of generator
Square.
According to knowable to being analyzed the driving-chain of generator system kinetic theory, in maximal power tracing, only
As the optimal mechanical torque T of blower fanmecoptWith the electromagnetic torque T of generatoreWhen equal in magnitude, in opposite direction, electricity generation system ability
Enough stable operation is in maximal power tracing state.From formula (8), when wind generator system is steady in maximal power tracing state
When running surely, then Tmec, Te(ωs,ωr) meet
By formula (2), formula (3), when capture power PwoptBlower fan optimum speed ω can be determined when knownwopt
And the best torque T of blower fanmecopt, and both one-to-one corresponding；Pass through formula (9) and known Tmecopt, ωroptCan be true
Determine the current optimal synchronisation speed omega of generators, you can finally to determine mechanical level of torque during generator maximal power tracing
Relation between generator synchronizing speed is Tmeopt(ωs)。
4) relation between optimum output power and induction machine synchronous angular velocity is determined, and sets up look-up table：
The optimal generated output of blower fan and the electromagnetic torque of generator and the relation of rotating speed are
Pωopt(ωsopt)=Tmeopt(ωsopt)×ωropt(Tmeopt) (10)
When the angular speed of input power is ωe, the synchronous angular velocity of corresponding generator is ωsWhen, due to mechanical loss,
The presence of copper loss, the electromotive power output of blower fan is PgoptMeet following formula
Pgopt=Pwopt(ωsopt)-Pmech-less-3rs|Is|2-3rr|Ir|2 (11)
Wherein：3rs|Is|2、3rr|Ir|2Copper loss respectively on fan stator and rotor, Pmech-lessFor mechanical loss,
Mechanical loss Pmech-lessIt is related to the parameter of rotating speed and generator.By different ωsoptSubstituting into formula (11) respectively can obtain
Generator peak power output Pgopt, and then P can be determinedgoptWith ωsRelation, it is possible to by the relation between them one by one
It is stored in table, finally sets up one-to-one discrete array between them, set up look-up table, whole process is as shown in Figure 4.
The present invention also devises a kind of Self Adaptive Control for the wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor
Device, the rudimentary algorithm of automatic adjusument synchronizing speed is
ωs(k)=ωs(k-1)+△ωs(k) (12)
In formula：K is the sequence number in adaptive cycle；For gain, it can scale automatic adjusument synchronizing speed ωsStep
Size, improve control rapidity.Wherein
In formula, n is the number of times of sampling in the adaptive cycle.
The wind-power electricity generation maximal power tracing circuit control of Speedless sensor is as shown in figure 5, now to its operation principle
Certain analysis is carried out, when wind speed is a certain set-point, the pass of Wind energy extraction and rotation speed of fan, blower fan torque and rotation speed of fan
It is the pass of the electromagnetic torque of curve and generator under different synchronizing speeds and equivalent rotating speed of the generator on the left of driving-chain
It is that curve is as shown in Figure 6.When fan operation is in OP1 points, the synchronizing speed of generator is ωs1.By adjusting generator net side electricity
The frequency in source, makes ωsIn ωs1With ωsoptBetween with appropriate speed increase, due to Te<TwTherefore blower fan is accelerated, until
Untill reaching optimum speed.Similarly, when fan operation is in OP2 points, the synchronizing speed of generator is ωs2.By adjusting generator
The frequency of net side power supply, makes ωsIn ωs2With ωsoptBetween reduced with appropriate speed, due to Te>TwTherefore blower fan does deceleration fortune
It is dynamic, untill optimum speed is reached.
Finally illustrate, the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to compared with
The present invention is described in detail good embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or equivalent substitution, and without departing from the objective and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should cover at this
Among the right of invention.
Claims (1)
1. the wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of a kind of Speedless sensor, it is characterised in that this method includes following step
Suddenly：
1) by testing the relation curve between the pneumatic power and motor speed that obtain wind wheel capture:
Wind wheel capture pneumatic power and rotation speed of fan between relation be
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Wherein, PwoptThe pneumatic power captured for wind wheel, ωwoptFor PwoptCorresponding blower fan optimum speed, ρ is atmospheric density；
R is impeller Plane of rotation radius, Cp(λopt) for the power coefficient corresponding to optimum tip-speed ratio, λ=ωwR/ ν are blade tip
Speed ratio, ωwFor the angular speed of blower fan, ν is wind speed；
Speed change determines blade wind power generation system, as the big minor adjustment rotation speed of fan of wind speed makes blower fan tip speed ratio be in optimum value,
Blower fan can reach maximal wind-energy capture, and the maximal wind-energy that can be captured and rotation speed of fan cube are directly proportional；
2) analysis is modeled to generator electromagnetic torque：
The electromagnetic torque of generator is expressed as
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The variable related to the electromagnetic torque of generator is only ωs、ωr, the electromagnetic torque of generator is expressed as Te(ωs,ωr)；
3) transmission chain model is analyzed in maximal power tracing state：
Because generator is connected with transmission mechanism, if ignoring static and viscosity friction, the equation of blower fan high speed shaft is expressed as
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In formula, J is the rotary inertia of blower fan high speed shaft；TmecoptFor the machine torque of blower fan；TeFor the electromagnetic torque of generator；
From formula (5), when wind generator system is in the in stable condition operation of maximal power tracing, then Tmecopt, Te(ωs,
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By formula (1), formula (2), the pneumatic power P captured when wind wheelwoptWhen known, it may be determined that blower fan most preferably turns
Fast ωwoptAnd the machine torque T of blower fanmecopt, and both one-to-one corresponding；Pass through formula (6) and known Tmecopt, ωrCan
To determine the synchronizing speed ω of current generators, you can turned with the machinery for finally determining blower fan during generator maximal power tracing
Relation between square and generator synchronizing speed is Tmecopt(ωs)；
4) relation between optimum output power and induction machine synchronous angular velocity is determined, and sets up look-up table：
The pneumatic power and the machine torque of blower fan and the relation of rotating speed of wind wheel capture be
Pωopt(ωs)=Tmecopt(ωs)×ωr(Tmecopt) (7)
When the angular speed of input power is ωe, the synchronizing speed of corresponding generator is ωsWhen, due to mechanical loss, copper loss
In the presence of the electromotive power output of blower fan is PgoptMeet following formula
Pgopt=Pwopt(ωs)-Pmech-less-3rs|Is|2-3rr|Ir|2 (8)
Wherein：3rs|Is|2、3rr|Ir|2Copper loss respectively on fan stator and rotor, Pmech-less, will not for mechanical loss
Same ωsThe electromotive power output P of blower fan can be obtained by substituting into formula (8) respectivelygopt, and then P can be determinedgoptWith ωsRelation,
And the relation between them can be stored in table one by one, set up look-up table.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510176090.4A CN104819098B (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2015-04-15 | A kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor |
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| CN201510176090.4A CN104819098B (en) | 2015-04-15 | 2015-04-15 | A kind of wind-power electricity generation maximum power tracking method of Speedless sensor |
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| CN104819098A CN104819098A (en) | 2015-08-05 |
| CN104819098B true CN104819098B (en) | 2017-10-10 |
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| CN110966142B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-06-22 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Control method and device for wind generating set |
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