CN114151290A - Wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a torque testing system of a transmission chain of a wind generating set and an implementation method thereof, wherein the testing system comprises two torque strain gauges, an electric slip ring and a data acquisition system, and symmetrically adhered to two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft of the transmission chain, each torque strain gauge comprises two strain resistance wires arranged in a V shape, the four strain resistance wires are connected in series to form a full-bridge circuit, the electric slip ring is arranged on the high-speed shaft and is respectively in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit and the data acquisition system, is used for transmitting the strain bridge circuit signals of the full bridge circuit to a data acquisition system which is in communication connection with a main control system of the unit, the wind power generation system is used for acquiring wind turbine main control signals sent by the main control system and strain bridge circuit signals of a full bridge circuit of the generator set under different wind turbine main control signals, and further calculating torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals. The invention can effectively solve the problem of difficult torque test of the transmission chain of the wind generating set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of torque testing of a transmission chain of a wind generating set, in particular to a torque testing system of the transmission chain of the wind generating set and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The wind generating set can directly convert wind energy into mechanical energy and then convert the mechanical energy into electric energy. The wind wheel of the wind generating set is an important part for converting natural wind into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy output by the wind wheel directly reflects the utilization efficiency of wind energy, and the mechanical energy output depends on the torque of the output shaft of the wind wheel. In mechanics, torque is an important parameter, and the size and the variation characteristics of the torque affect the performance of the machinery, such as working capacity, energy consumption, service life, efficiency and safety, so the torque is also a parameter that must be tested in various mechanical experiment processes. The measurement of the torque has great significance on the strength design of all working parts of the transmission system and the selection of the capacity of the motor.
The traditional method for testing the torque of the transmission chain is to connect a torque tester in series in the transmission chain to test the torque, and the method is very difficult to test and execute half-direct-drive units, needs to modify the transmission chain on site, even needs to modify the structure of the whole transmission chain and a gear box, is very expensive in test cost and has a long test period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a torque testing system for a transmission chain of a wind generating set and an implementation method thereof, and can effectively solve the problem that the torque testing of the transmission chain of the wind generating set is difficult.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a torque test system for a transmission chain of a wind generating set is characterized in that the transmission chain comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gear box, a high-speed shaft, a coupler and a generator which are sequentially connected; the test system comprises two torque strain gauges, two electric slip rings and a data acquisition system, and symmetrically adhered to two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft, each torque strain gauge comprises two strain resistance wires arranged in a V shape, the four strain resistance wires are connected in series to form a full-bridge circuit, the electric slip ring is arranged on the high-speed shaft and is respectively in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit and the data acquisition system, is used for transmitting the strain bridge circuit signals of the full bridge circuit to a data acquisition system which is in communication connection with a main control system of the unit, the wind power generation system is used for acquiring wind turbine main control signals sent by the main control system and strain bridge circuit signals of a full bridge circuit of the generator set under different wind turbine main control signals, and further calculating torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals.
Furthermore, the fan master control signal acquired by the data acquisition system comprises cabin wind speed, cabin wind direction, generator power, generator rotating speed and unit running state variable.
Further, the specific process of calculating the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions by the data acquisition system according to the strain bridge circuit signals is as follows:
substituting the strain bridge signals under each wind condition acquired by the data acquisition system into a relational formula of the strain bridge signals and the shear strain, thereby calculating the shear strain corresponding to the position of the torque strain gauge patch under the wind condition:
in the formula, K represents the sensitivity coefficient of the torque strain gauge, U represents the ratio of strain bridge signals acquired by a data acquisition system, B represents the bridge amplification factor, and y represents the shear strain of the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
the polar inertia moment of the cross section of the torque strain gauge patch to the circle center is as follows:
in the formula, Ip represents the polar inertia moment of the cross section of the torque strain gauge patch position to the circle center; d represents the outer diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge; d represents the inner diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
the shear modulus is:
wherein G represents a shear modulus; e is a constant representing the Young's modulus of the material at the site of the patch; v is a constant representing the Poisson's ratio of the material at the patch location;
the shear stress is:
τ ═ G ═ y formula (5)
Wherein τ represents shear stress; r represents the excircle radius of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge; t represents a drive train torque;
substituting the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) and the formula (5) to deduce a relation between the shear strain of the torque strain gauge patch position and the torque of the transmission chain as follows:
and substituting the shear strain under different wind conditions, which is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1), into the formula (6) to obtain the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions.
Furthermore, the rotor of the electric slip ring is arranged on the shaft body of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit, and the stator of the electric slip ring is arranged on the brake disc of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the data acquisition system.
Further, the torque strain gauge has a temperature compensation function.
An implementation method of a torque test system of a transmission chain of a wind generating set comprises the steps of firstly, installing an electric slip ring on a high-speed shaft and pasting two torque strain gauges, wherein a rotor of the electric slip ring is installed on a shaft body of the high-speed shaft, a stator of the electric slip ring is installed on a brake disc of the high-speed shaft, the two torque strain gauges are symmetrically pasted on two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft, then the two torque strain gauges are connected to form a full-bridge circuit and are in communication connection with the rotor of the electric slip ring, the stator of the electric slip ring is in communication connection with a data acquisition system, the full-bridge circuit generates strain bridge signals after a high-speed bearing receives torque, the strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit can be transmitted to the data acquisition system through the electric slip ring, finally, the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a main control system of the set, the strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit under different main control signals of a fan of the set are acquired through the data acquisition system, and finally obtaining the torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high measurement accuracy, short test period and the like, does not need to modify the transmission chain on site, does not need to modify the structure of the whole sensing chain and the gearbox, saves the work of dismantling the large part of the transmission system, saves the dismantling cost of large-scale equipment and saves the test time.
2. Compared with a torque tester, the torque strain gauge adopted by the invention has small volume and wider test range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a communication diagram of a test system according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a first schematic view of the installation of the test system of the present invention on a high-speed shaft.
FIG. 4 is a second schematic view of the mounting of the test system of the present invention on the high speed shaft.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples, but the mode of use of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The transmission chain of the wind generating set comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gear box, a high-speed shaft, a coupler and a generator, wherein the wind wheel is connected with the low-speed shaft through a bolt, the low-speed shaft is connected to the high-speed shaft through a secondary planetary gear of the gear box, the high-speed shaft is connected with the generator through the coupler, blades of the wind wheel absorb energy to drive the wind wheel to rotate at a low speed, the wind wheel rotates at a low speed to drive the low-speed shaft to rotate, the rotating speed of the low-speed shaft is increased through a planetary gear of the gear box and then is output from the high-speed shaft at a high rotating speed, and the generator is driven to rotate at a high speed through the coupler, so that the conversion from wind energy to electric energy is realized.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the test system for the torque of the drive train of the wind generating set according to the present embodiment includes a torque strain gauge 1, an electrical slip ring 2 and a data acquisition system 3; the two torque strain gauges 1 are symmetrically adhered to two sides of a shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5, or other regular and smooth cylindrical or cylindrical outer surfaces such as the outer surface of a shaft coupling or a transmission chain main shaft can be selected, the positions of the patches need to be polished smoothly, the two torque strain gauges 1 are connected to form a full-bridge circuit, the torque strain gauge 1 should select a V-shaped resistance type torque strain gauge 1 with a temperature compensation function, the position temperature change of the strain gauge patches is large, the temperature influence on the test error of the strain gauge without the temperature compensation function is large, the patches of the torque strain gauge 1 need to be provided with special strain gauge glue, and the temperature of the patches is more than 10 ℃ suitable for strain gauge glue solidification; the electric slip ring 2 is installed on the high-speed shaft 5, wherein the rotor 201 is installed on the shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5 and is in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit, the stator 202 is installed on a brake disc (not shown) of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the data acquisition system 3, and strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit are transmitted to the data acquisition system 3 through the electric slip ring, in the embodiment, the full-bridge circuit, the electric slip ring and the data acquisition system are in communication in a 485 communication mode, and meanwhile, the electric slip ring 2 can supply power to the torque strain gauge and the full-bridge circuit; data acquisition system 3 is connected with the master control system 4 communication of unit, and master control system 4 and data acquisition system 3 support Modbus TCP/IP's communication simultaneously in this embodiment, consequently data acquisition system 3 only need with master control system 4 adopt a net twine to be connected can, data acquisition system 3 is used for gathering the fan master control signal (including signals such as cabin wind speed, cabin wind direction, generator power, generator rotational speed and unit running state variable) that master control system 4 sent and gathering the strain bridge circuit signal that the unit is in full bridge circuit under different fan master control signals, and then calculates the torque value of reacing the driving chain under different wind conditions according to strain bridge circuit signal, and its specific computational process is as follows:
substituting the strain bridge signals under each wind condition acquired by the data acquisition system 3 into a relational formula of the strain bridge signals and the shear strain, thereby calculating the shear strain corresponding to the patch position of the torque strain gauge 1 under the wind condition:
in the formula, K represents a sensitivity coefficient of the torque strain gauge, U represents a ratio of strain bridge signals acquired by a data acquisition system, B represents a bridge amplification factor, a full bridge is a constant 4, and y represents the shear strain of the position of a patch of the torque strain gauge;
the polar inertia moment of the cross section of the torque strain gauge patch to the circle center is as follows:
in the formula, Ip represents the polar inertia moment of the cross section of the torque strain gauge patch position to the circle center; d represents the outer diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge; d represents the inner diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
the shear modulus is:
wherein G represents a shear modulus; e is a constant representing the Young's modulus of the material at the site of the patch; v is a constant representing the Poisson's ratio of the material at the patch location;
the shear stress is:
τ ═ G ═ y formula (5)
Wherein τ represents stress; r represents the excircle radius of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge; t represents a drive train torque;
substituting the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) and the formula (5) to deduce a relation between the shear strain at the patch position of the torque strain gauge 1 and the torque of the transmission chain as follows:
and substituting the shear strain under different wind conditions, which is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1), into the formula (6) to obtain the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions.
The implementation method of the wind generating set transmission chain torque test system described in this embodiment specifically includes: firstly, an electric slip ring 2 is arranged on a high-speed shaft 5 and two torque strain gauges 1 are pasted, a rotor 201 of the electric slip ring 2 is arranged on a shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5, a stator 202 of the electric slip ring is arranged on a brake disc of the high-speed shaft 5, the two torque strain gauges 1 are symmetrically pasted on two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5, then the two torque strain gauges 1 are connected to form a full bridge circuit and are in communication connection with the rotor 201 of the electric slip ring 2, the stator of the electric slip ring 2 is in communication connection with a data acquisition system 3, the full bridge circuit generates strain bridge signals after a high-speed bearing receives torque, the strain signals of the torque strain gauges 1 can be transmitted to the data acquisition system 3 through the electric slip ring 2, finally, the data acquisition system 3 is in communication connection with a main control system 4 of a unit, the strain bridge signals of the full bridge circuit under different main control signals of a fan of the unit are acquired through the data acquisition system 3, and finally obtaining the torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals.
The test system provided by the invention can achieve the test strain signal sampling frequency of more than 50Hz, can carry out long-time monitoring, can participate in the real-time monitoring operation of the fan control system by combining the main control system of the fan, and is suitable for wide popularization and application.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that variations based on the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A torque test system for a transmission chain of a wind generating set is characterized in that the transmission chain comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gear box, a high-speed shaft, a coupler and a generator which are sequentially connected; the method is characterized in that: the test system comprises two torque strain gauges, two electric slip rings and a data acquisition system, and symmetrically adhered to two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft, each torque strain gauge comprises two strain resistance wires arranged in a V shape, the four strain resistance wires are connected in series to form a full-bridge circuit, the electric slip ring is arranged on the high-speed shaft and is respectively in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit and the data acquisition system, is used for transmitting the strain bridge circuit signals of the full bridge circuit to a data acquisition system which is in communication connection with a main control system of the unit, the wind power generation system is used for acquiring wind turbine main control signals sent by the main control system and strain bridge circuit signals of a full bridge circuit of the generator set under different wind turbine main control signals, and further calculating torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals.
2. The wind generating set drive chain torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: the fan master control signal acquired by the data acquisition system comprises cabin wind speed, cabin wind direction, generator power, generator rotating speed and unit running state variable.
3. The wind generating set drive chain torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: the specific process of the data acquisition system for calculating the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals is as follows:
substituting the strain bridge signals under each wind condition acquired by the data acquisition system into a relational formula of the strain bridge signals and the shear strain, thereby calculating the shear strain corresponding to the position of the torque strain gauge patch under the wind condition:
in the formula, K represents the sensitivity coefficient of the torque strain gauge, U represents the ratio of strain bridge signals acquired by a data acquisition system, B represents the bridge amplification factor, and y represents the shear strain of the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
the polar inertia moment of the cross section of the torque strain gauge patch to the circle center is as follows:
in the formula, Ip represents the polar inertia moment of the cross section of the torque strain gauge patch position to the circle center; d represents the outer diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge; d represents the inner diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
the shear modulus is:
wherein G represents a shear modulus; e is a constant representing the Young's modulus of the material at the site of the patch; v is a constant representing the Poisson's ratio of the material at the patch location;
the shear stress is:
τ ═ G ═ y formula (5)
Wherein τ represents shear stress; r represents the excircle radius of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge; t represents a drive train torque;
substituting the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) and the formula (5) to deduce a relation between the shear strain of the torque strain gauge patch position and the torque of the transmission chain as follows:
and substituting the shear strain under different wind conditions, which is obtained by calculation according to the formula (1), into the formula (6) to obtain the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions.
4. The wind generating set drive chain torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: and the rotor of the electric slip ring is arranged on the shaft body of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit, and the stator of the electric slip ring is arranged on a brake disc of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the data acquisition system.
5. The wind generating set drive chain torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: the torque strain gauge has a temperature compensation function.
6. The implementation method of the torque testing system of the transmission chain of the wind generating set according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the torque testing system comprises: firstly, an electric slip ring is arranged on a high-speed shaft, two torque strain gauges are pasted on the electric slip ring, wherein, a rotor of the electric slip ring is arranged on a shaft body of the high-speed shaft, the stator is arranged on a brake disc of a high-speed shaft, the two torque strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of a shaft body of the high-speed shaft, then two torque strain gauges are connected to form a full-bridge circuit, the full-bridge circuit is in communication connection with a rotor of the electric slip ring, a stator of the electric slip ring is in communication connection with a data acquisition system, the full-bridge circuit generates strain bridge signals after a high-speed bearing receives torque, the strain bridge circuit signals of the full bridge circuit can be transmitted to a data acquisition system through the electric slip ring, and finally, the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a main control system of the unit, and acquiring strain bridge circuit signals of the full bridge circuit of the unit under different main control signals of the fan through a data acquisition system, and finally obtaining torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge circuit signals.
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| CN202111319356.8A CN114151290B (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Torque testing system for driving chain of wind generating set and implementation method thereof |
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