CN114151290B - Torque testing system for driving chain of wind generating set and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Torque testing system for driving chain of wind generating set and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114151290B CN114151290B CN202111319356.8A CN202111319356A CN114151290B CN 114151290 B CN114151290 B CN 114151290B CN 202111319356 A CN202111319356 A CN 202111319356A CN 114151290 B CN114151290 B CN 114151290B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a torque testing system of a transmission chain of a wind generating set and an implementation method thereof, wherein the testing system comprises two torque strain gauges, an electric slip ring and a data acquisition system, wherein the two torque strain gauges are symmetrically stuck on two sides of a shaft body of a high-speed shaft of the transmission chain, each torque strain gauge comprises two strain resistance wires which are arranged in a V shape, the four strain resistance wires are connected in series to form a full bridge circuit, the electric slip ring is arranged on the high-speed shaft and respectively in communication connection with the full bridge circuit and the data acquisition system, the electric slip ring is used for transmitting strain bridge signals of the full bridge circuit to the data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a master control system of the set and is used for acquiring fan master control signals sent by the master control system and strain bridge signals of the full bridge circuit of the set under different fan master control signals, and further calculating torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge signals. The invention can effectively solve the problem of difficult torque test of the driving chain of the wind generating set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind generating set transmission chain torque testing, in particular to a wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The wind generating set can directly convert wind energy into mechanical energy and then convert the mechanical energy into electric energy. Wind wheels of wind power generation sets are important components for converting natural wind into mechanical energy. The amount of the mechanical energy output by the wind wheel directly reflects the wind energy utilization efficiency, and the amount of the mechanical energy output depends on the torque of the wind wheel output shaft. In mechanics, torque is a very important parameter, and the torque magnitude and variation characteristics affect the performance of the machine such as working capacity, energy consumption, service life, efficiency and safety, so that torque is also a parameter which must be tested in the process of various mechanical experiments. The measurement of torque is of great significance to the strength design of the various working parts of the transmission system and the selection of motor capacity.
The traditional method for testing the torque of the transmission chain is to test the torque by connecting a torque tester in series in the transmission chain, is very difficult to test and execute aiming at a semi-direct drive unit, needs to rectify and change the transmission chain on site, even needs to modify the structure of the whole transmission chain and a gear box, has very high test cost and has very long test period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system and an implementation method thereof, which can effectively solve the problem of difficult torque testing of the wind generating set transmission chain.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the transmission chain torque testing system of the wind generating set comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gear box, a high-speed shaft, a coupler and a generator which are sequentially connected; the testing system comprises two torque strain gauges, an electric slip ring and a data acquisition system, wherein each torque strain gauge comprises two strain resistance wires which are arranged in a V shape and are connected in series to form a full-bridge circuit, the four strain resistance wires are used for generating strain bridge signals after the high-speed bearing receives torque, the electric slip ring is arranged on the high-speed shaft and is respectively in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit and the data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a main control system of a unit and is used for acquiring fan main control signals sent by the main control system and strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit under different fan main control signals of the unit, and further torque values of a transmission chain under different wind conditions are calculated according to the strain bridge signals.
Further, the fan master control signals collected by the data collection system comprise cabin wind speed, cabin wind direction, generator power, generator rotating speed and unit operation state variables.
Further, the specific process of calculating the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions by the data acquisition system according to the strain bridge signals is as follows:
substituting the strain bridge signals under each wind condition acquired by the data acquisition system into a relation formula of the strain bridge signals and the tangential strain, so as to calculate the tangential strain of the torque strain gauge patch positions under the corresponding wind condition:
wherein K represents a sensitivity coefficient of the torque strain gauge, U represents a ratio of strain bridge signals acquired by the data acquisition system, B represents a bridge amplification factor, and y represents a tangential strain of the torque strain gauge patch position;
the polar moment of inertia of the cross section of the patch position of the torque strain gauge is as follows:
wherein Ip represents the polar moment of inertia of the cross section of the patch position of the torque strain gauge; d represents the outer diameter of the torque strain gauge patch position cylinder; d represents the inner diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
shear modulus is:
wherein G represents a shear modulus; e is a constant representing the Young's modulus of the patch position material; v is a constant representing the poisson's ratio of the patch-location material;
the shear stress is as follows:
τ=g×y formula (5)
Wherein τ represents a shear stress; r represents the outer circle radius of the torque strain gauge patch position cylinder; t represents the drive train torque;
substituting the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) and the formula (5) to deduce the relation between the tangential strain of the torque strain gauge patch position and the torque of the transmission chain as follows:
and substituting the shear strain under different wind conditions calculated according to the formula (1) into the formula (6) to obtain the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions.
Further, the rotor of the electric slip ring is arranged on the shaft body of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit, and the stator of the electric slip ring is arranged on the brake disc of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the data acquisition system.
Further, the torque strain gauge has a temperature compensation function.
The implementation method of the torque testing system of the transmission chain of the wind generating set comprises the steps of firstly, installing an electric slip ring on a high-speed shaft and pasting two torque strain gages, wherein a rotor of the electric slip ring is installed on a shaft body of the high-speed shaft, a stator of the electric slip ring is installed on a brake disc of the high-speed shaft, the two torque strain gages are symmetrically pasted on two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft, then the two torque strain gages are connected to form a full bridge circuit and are in communication connection with the rotor of the electric slip ring, a stator of the electric slip ring is in communication connection with a data acquisition system, the full bridge circuit generates a strain bridge signal after a high-speed bearing is subjected to torque, the strain bridge signal of the full bridge circuit can be transmitted to the data acquisition system through the electric slip ring, finally, the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a main control system of the set, and the strain bridge signals of the full bridge circuit under different fan main control signals are acquired through the data acquisition system, and finally, the torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions are obtained according to the strain bridge signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high measurement accuracy, short test period and the like, does not need to carry out rectification on the transmission chain on site, does not need to modify the whole structure of the sensing chain and the gearbox, saves the work of dismantling large parts of the transmission system, saves the dismantling cost of large-scale equipment and saves the test time.
2. The torque strain gauge adopted by the invention has small volume and wider testing range relative to a torque tester.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a communication diagram of the test system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the test system of the present invention on a high speed shaft.
FIG. 4 is a second schematic diagram of the installation of the test system of the present invention on a high speed shaft.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples, but the manner of use of the invention is not limited thereto.
The transmission chain of the wind generating set comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gear box, a high-speed shaft, a coupler and a generator, wherein the wind wheel is connected with the low-speed shaft through a bolt, the low-speed shaft is connected with the high-speed shaft through a secondary planetary gear of the gear box, the high-speed shaft is connected with the generator through the coupler, blades of the wind wheel absorb energy to drive the wind wheel to rotate at a low speed, the wind wheel rotates at a low speed to drive the low-speed shaft to rotate, the rotating speed of the low-speed shaft is output from the high-speed shaft at a high rotating speed after planetary speed increase of the gear box, and then the generator is driven to rotate at a high speed through the coupler, so that conversion from wind energy to electric energy is realized.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the system for testing the torque of the driving chain of the wind generating set according to the embodiment comprises a torque strain gauge 1, an electric slip ring 2 and a data acquisition system 3; the two torque strain gages 1 are symmetrically stuck on two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5, other regular and smooth cylinder or cylinder outer surfaces, such as the outer surface of a shaft coupling or a main shaft of a transmission chain, are selected, the positions of the patches need to be polished smoothly, the two torque strain gages 1 are connected to form a full-bridge circuit, the torque strain gages 1 need to be selected as V-shaped resistance type torque strain gages 1 with a temperature compensation function, the position temperature change of the strain gage patches is large, the strain gage testing error without the temperature compensation function is greatly influenced by the temperature, the strain gage special glue is needed for the torque strain gage 1 patches, and the patch temperature is more than 10 ℃ and is more suitable for the solidification of the strain gage glue; the electric slip ring 2 is mounted on the high-speed shaft 5, wherein the rotor 201 is mounted on the shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5 and is in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit, the stator 202 is mounted on a brake disc (not shown in the figure) of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the data acquisition system 3, strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit are transmitted to the data acquisition system 3 through the electric slip ring, and in the embodiment, the full-bridge circuit, the electric slip ring and the data acquisition system are all in communication in 485 communication mode, and meanwhile, power can be supplied to the torque strain gauge and the full-bridge circuit through the electric slip ring 2; the data acquisition system 3 is in communication connection with the main control system 4 of the unit, in this embodiment, the main control system 4 and the data acquisition system 3 support communication of Modbus TCP/IP at the same time, so that the data acquisition system 3 and the main control system 4 only need to be connected by adopting a network cable, and the data acquisition system 3 is used for acquiring fan main control signals (including signals of cabin wind speed, cabin wind direction, generator power, generator rotating speed, unit running state variables and the like) sent by the main control system 4 and strain bridge signals of a full bridge circuit of the unit under different fan main control signals, and further calculating torque values of a transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge signals, wherein the specific calculation process is as follows:
substituting the strain bridge signal under each wind condition acquired by the data acquisition system 3 into a relation formula of the strain bridge signal and the tangential strain, so as to calculate the tangential strain of the patch position of the torque strain gauge 1 under the corresponding wind condition:
wherein K represents a sensitivity coefficient of the torque strain gauge, U represents a ratio of strain bridge signals acquired by the data acquisition system, B represents a bridge amplification factor, the full bridge is a constant 4, and y represents a shear strain of the torque strain gauge patch position;
the polar moment of inertia of the cross section of the patch position of the torque strain gauge is as follows:
wherein Ip represents the polar moment of inertia of the cross section of the patch position of the torque strain gauge; d represents the outer diameter of the torque strain gauge patch position cylinder; d represents the inner diameter of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge;
shear modulus is:
wherein G represents a shear modulus; e is a constant representing the Young's modulus of the patch position material; v is a constant representing the poisson's ratio of the patch-location material;
the shear stress is as follows:
τ=g×y formula (5)
Wherein τ represents stress; r represents the outer circle radius of the torque strain gauge patch position cylinder; t represents the drive train torque;
substituting the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) and the formula (5) to deduce the relation between the tangential strain of the patch position of the torque strain gauge 1 and the torque of the transmission chain as follows:
and substituting the shear strain under different wind conditions calculated according to the formula (1) into the formula (6) to obtain the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions.
The implementation method of the wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, an electric slip ring 2 is installed on a high-speed shaft 5, two torque strain gauges 1 are adhered, a rotor 201 of the electric slip ring 2 is installed on a shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5, a stator 202 of the electric slip ring 2 is installed on a brake disc of the high-speed shaft 5, the two torque strain gauges 1 are symmetrically adhered on two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft 5, then the two torque strain gauges 1 are connected to form a full bridge circuit, the full bridge circuit is in communication connection with the rotor 201 of the electric slip ring 2, the stator of the electric slip ring 2 is in communication connection with a data acquisition system 3, a strain bridge signal is generated by the full bridge circuit after a high-speed bearing is subjected to torque, the strain signal of the torque strain gauges 1 can be transmitted to the data acquisition system 3 through the electric slip ring 2, finally, the data acquisition system 3 is in communication connection with a main control system 4 of a unit, the strain bridge signals of the full bridge circuit of the unit under different fan main control signals are acquired through the data acquisition system 3, and finally, the torque values of a transmission chain under different wind conditions are obtained according to the strain bridge signals.
The sampling frequency of the test strain signal of the test system can reach more than 50Hz, long-time monitoring can be carried out, and the test strain signal can participate in real-time monitoring operation of a fan control system by combining with a main control system of the fan, so that the test system is suitable for wide popularization and use.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so variations in shape and principles of the present invention should be covered.
Claims (5)
1. The transmission chain torque testing system of the wind generating set comprises a wind wheel, a low-speed shaft, a gear box, a high-speed shaft, a coupler and a generator which are sequentially connected; the method is characterized in that: the testing system comprises torque strain gauges, an electric slip ring and a data acquisition system, wherein the torque strain gauges are two and symmetrically stuck to two sides of a shaft body of a high-speed shaft, each torque strain gauge comprises two strain resistance wires which are arranged in a V shape, four strain resistance wires are connected in series to form a full-bridge circuit, the electric slip ring is arranged on the high-speed shaft and is respectively in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit and the data acquisition system, the strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit are transmitted to the data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a main control system of a unit, and is used for acquiring fan main control signals sent by the main control system and strain bridge signals of the full-bridge circuit of the unit under different fan main control signals, further calculating torque values of a transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge signals, and the data acquisition system calculates the specific process of the torque values of the transmission chain under different wind conditions according to the strain bridge signals:
substituting the strain bridge signals under each wind condition acquired by the data acquisition system into a relation formula of the strain bridge signals and the tangential strain, so as to calculate the tangential strain of the torque strain gauge patch positions under the corresponding wind condition:
formula (1)
In the method, in the process of the invention,represents the sensitivity coefficient of the torque strain gage, +.>Representing the ratio of the strain bridge signals acquired by the data acquisition system, < +.>Indicating bridge magnification>A shear strain indicating a torque strain gage patch position;
the polar moment of inertia of the cross section of the patch position of the torque strain gauge is as follows:
formula (2)
In the method, in the process of the invention,the polar moment of inertia of the cross section of the patch position of the torque strain gauge is shown as the center of a circle; />The outer diameter of a cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge is shown; />The inner diameter of a cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge is shown;
shear modulus is:
formula (3)
In the method, in the process of the invention,represents shear modulus; />Is constant and represents the Young's modulus of the patch position material; />Is constant and represents the poisson ratio of the patch position material;
the shear stress is as follows:
formula (4)
Formula (5)
In the method, in the process of the invention,representing the shear stress; />The outer circle radius of the cylinder at the patch position of the torque strain gauge is represented; />Representing drive train torque;
substituting the formula (2) and the formula (3) into the formula (4) and the formula (5) to deduce the relation between the tangential strain of the torque strain gauge patch position and the torque of the transmission chain as follows:
formula (6)
And substituting the shear strain under different wind conditions calculated according to the formula (1) into the formula (6) to obtain the torque value of the transmission chain under different wind conditions.
2. The wind generating set drive train torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: the fan master control signals collected by the data collection system comprise cabin wind speed, cabin wind direction, generator power, generator rotating speed and unit operation state variables.
3. The wind generating set drive train torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: the rotor of the electric slip ring is arranged on the shaft body of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the full-bridge circuit, and the stator of the electric slip ring is arranged on the brake disc of the high-speed shaft and is in communication connection with the data acquisition system.
4. The wind generating set drive train torque testing system of claim 1, wherein: the torque strain gauge has a temperature compensation function.
5. The implementation method of the wind generating set transmission chain torque testing system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the implementation method is characterized in that: firstly, an electric slip ring is arranged on a high-speed shaft, two torque strain gages are adhered to the rotor of the electric slip ring, wherein the rotor of the electric slip ring is arranged on a shaft body of the high-speed shaft, a stator of the electric slip ring is arranged on a brake disc of the high-speed shaft, the two torque strain gages are symmetrically adhered to two sides of the shaft body of the high-speed shaft, then the two torque strain gages are connected to form a full bridge circuit and are in communication connection with the rotor of the electric slip ring, the stator of the electric slip ring is in communication connection with a data acquisition system, the full bridge circuit generates a strain bridge circuit signal after the high-speed bearing receives torque, the strain bridge circuit signal of the full bridge circuit can be transmitted to the data acquisition system through the electric slip ring, finally, the data acquisition system is in communication connection with a main control system of a unit, the strain bridge circuit of the full bridge circuit is under different fan main control signals, and finally torque values of a transmission chain under different wind conditions are obtained according to the strain bridge circuit.
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| CN202111319356.8A CN114151290B (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Torque testing system for driving chain of wind generating set and implementation method thereof |
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| CN202111319356.8A CN114151290B (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Torque testing system for driving chain of wind generating set and implementation method thereof |
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