CN109437963A - 一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109437963A
CN109437963A CN201811536139.2A CN201811536139A CN109437963A CN 109437963 A CN109437963 A CN 109437963A CN 201811536139 A CN201811536139 A CN 201811536139A CN 109437963 A CN109437963 A CN 109437963A
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任文强
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Liuzhou Liu Jing Polytron Technologies Inc
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板及其制备方法,涉及建筑材料领域。发泡陶瓷保温装饰板包括以下重量份的原料:煤矸石20‑30份、铸造废砂10‑30份、煅烧滑石10‑20份、硅藻土8‑12份、膨润土4‑10份、石墨颗粒3‑9份、碳化硅2‑6份、闭孔珍珠岩4‑12份、玻璃微珠4‑10份、抗菌材料1‑3份、增强纤维2‑4份。本发明制备方法简单,环保性能好,制得的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板具有优异的抗压、耐磨、保温性能,不易变形,结构稳定性高,使用寿命长。此外,原料采用煤矸石和铸造废砂,实现废物利用,降低资源浪费。

Description

一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明提供一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板及其制备方法,涉及建筑材料领域。
背景技术
发泡陶瓷保温装饰板是近年来发展较快的一种新型墙体保温材料,其作用在于节约原材料,提高墙体保温性能。发泡陶瓷保温板是以陶土尾矿、陶瓷碎片、河道淤泥、掺加料等作为主要原料,采用先进的生产工艺和发泡技术经高温焙烧而成的高气孔率的闭孔陶瓷材料。产品适用于建筑外墙保温、防火隔离带、建筑自保温冷热桥处理等。
公开号为CN103387414A的中国发明专利公开了一种闭孔发泡陶瓷保温板及其制备方法,然而其产品发泡陶瓷复合保温板抗压强度仅可达2.0MPa,使用寿命较短,综合机械性能有待改进。
发明内容
为解决上述技术中问题,本发明提供一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板及其制备方法。以煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石等为主要原料,结合硅藻土、膨润土、抗菌材料和增强纤维等材料经煅烧制备发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,其具体技术方案如下:
一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石20-30份,铸造废砂10-30份,煅烧滑石10-20份,硅藻土8-12份,膨润土4-10份,发泡剂5-15份,闭孔珍珠岩4-12份,玻璃微珠4-10份,抗菌材料1-3份,增强纤维2-4份。
进一步地,优选成分配比包括:煤矸石25份,铸造废砂20份,煅烧滑石15份,硅藻土10份,膨润土7份,发泡剂10份,闭孔珍珠岩8份,玻璃微珠7份,抗菌材料2份,增强纤维3份。
进一步地,发泡剂包括石墨颗粒或碳化硅。
进一步地,抗菌材料包括有机硅树脂、纳米氧化银、碳酸钙纳米粒子和石墨烯中的一种或多种。
进一步地,抗菌材料由40%有机硅树脂、20%纳米氧化银、20%碳酸钙纳米粒子、20%石墨烯组成。
进一步地,增强纤维由聚酯纤维、异形聚丙烯纤维、聚丙烯网状纤维和木质素纤维中的一种或多种复合而成。
进一步地,增强纤维由30%聚酯纤维、20%异形聚丙烯纤维、30%聚丙烯网状纤维和20%木质素纤维复合而成。
进一步地,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
A、将煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石、硅藻土、膨润土、闭孔珍珠岩混合后球磨并过100目筛,得混合物A;
B、将发泡剂、玻璃微珠混合后研磨,得混合物B;
C、将混合物B中加入混合物A中,并依次加入抗菌材料和增强纤维,充分搅拌,得混合物C;
D、将混合物C装入装饰板模型中,煅烧后缓慢冷却至室温,得发泡陶瓷保温装饰板半成品;
E、根据需要的尺寸切割半成品,即得成品。
进一步地,步骤A中球磨速率为500-800r/min,时间为8-20min。
进一步地,步骤C中搅拌过程为先以100-300r/min的速度搅拌10-20min,再以4000-5000r/min的速度搅拌20-30min。
进一步地,步骤D中煅烧过程为先在1000-1200℃下煅烧3-4h,再在700-800℃下保温1-2h。
本发明发泡陶瓷保温装饰板的制备方法简单,环保性能好,制得的产品具有优异的抗压、耐磨、保温、抗腐蚀性能,结构稳定性好,使用寿命长。煤矸石是采煤和洗煤过程中排出的低热值固体废弃物。煤矸石储存也会占用大量土地,甚至自燃引发火灾。在雨水作用下煤矸石堆体易坍塌,淤塞河流。本发明中原料采用煤矸石、铸造废砂等,资源化利用固体废弃物,降低原料成本,在一定程度上解决固废堆积问题。
另外,本发明中添加的抗菌材料具有优异的抗菌防霉性能,有效防止装饰板受潮后出现发霉现象;增强纤维大大改善发泡陶瓷板的防裂抗渗性能、抗冲击性能,增加发泡陶瓷保温装饰板的韧性;硅藻土具有耐热、耐磨、保温、抗老化性能;膨润土具有优异的隔热、吸附功能;闭孔珍珠岩具有强度高,吸水率低,强度高、混合性好等、易分散等特点;玻璃微珠具有质轻、低导热、较高的强度、良好的化学稳定性等优点。采用以上组分制得的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板具有优异的综合机械性能、保温隔热和抗腐蚀性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石20份,铸造废砂10份,煅烧滑石10份,硅藻土8份,膨润土4份,石墨颗粒3份,碳化硅2份,闭孔珍珠岩4份,玻璃微珠4份,抗菌材料1份,增强纤维2份。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
A、将煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石、硅藻土、膨润土、闭孔珍珠岩混合后加入玛瑙球磨罐中球磨并过100目筛,得混合物A,其中球磨速率为500r/min,时间为8min。
B、将石墨颗粒、碳化硅、玻璃微珠混合后加入研磨机中研磨,得混合物B;
C、在混合物B中加入混合物A中,依次加入抗菌材料和增强纤维,充分混合后加入搅拌罐中先以100r/min的速度搅拌10min,再以4000r/min的速度搅拌20min,得混合物C;
D、将混合物C装入装饰板模型中并置于煅烧炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1000℃,煅烧时间为3h,之后降温至700℃,保温1h后缓慢冷却至室温,得发泡陶瓷保温装饰板半成品;
E、按尺寸需要切割半成品,即得成品。
实施例2:
一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石30份,铸造废砂30份,煅烧滑石20份,硅藻土12份,膨润土10份,石墨颗粒9份,碳化硅6份,闭孔珍珠岩12份,玻璃微珠10份,抗菌材料3份,增强纤维4份。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
A、将煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石、硅藻土、膨润土、闭孔珍珠岩混合后加入玛瑙球磨罐中球磨并过100目筛,得混合物A,其中球磨速率为800r/min,时间为20min。
B、将石墨颗粒、碳化硅、玻璃微珠混合后加入研磨机中研磨,得混合物B;
C、在混合物B中加入混合物A中,依次加入抗菌材料和增强纤维,充分混合后加入搅拌罐中先以300r/min的速度搅拌20min,再以5000r/min的速度搅拌30min,得混合物C;
D、将混合物C装入装饰板模型中并置于煅烧炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1200℃,煅烧时间为4h,之后降温至800℃,保温2h后缓慢冷却至室温,得发泡陶瓷保温装饰板半成品;
E、按尺寸需要切割半成品,即得成品。
实施例3:
一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石24份,铸造废砂15份,煅烧滑石11份,硅藻土9份,膨润土5份,石墨颗粒8份,碳化硅5份,闭孔珍珠岩10份,玻璃微珠9份,抗菌材料3份,增强纤维2份。
制备方法包括以下步骤:
A、将煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石、硅藻土、膨润土、闭孔珍珠岩混合后加入玛瑙球磨罐中球磨并过100目筛,得混合物A,其中球磨速率为600r/min,时间为10min。
B、将石墨颗粒、碳化硅、玻璃微珠混合后加入研磨机中研磨,得混合物B;
C、在混合物B中加入混合物A中,依次加入抗菌材料和增强纤维,充分混合后加入搅拌罐中先以140r/min的速度搅拌14min,再以4400r/min的速度搅拌28min,得混合物C;
D、将混合物C装入装饰板模型中并置于煅烧炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为4h,之后降温至740℃,保温1h后缓慢冷却至室温,得发泡陶瓷保温装饰板半成品;
E、按尺寸需要切割半成品,即得成品。
实施例4:
一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石25份,铸造废砂20份,煅烧滑石15份,硅藻土10份,膨润土7份,石墨颗粒6份,碳化硅4份,闭孔珍珠岩8份,玻璃微珠7份,抗菌材料2份,增强纤维3份;
制备方法包括以下步骤:
A、将煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石、硅藻土、膨润土、闭孔珍珠岩混合后加入玛瑙球磨罐中球磨并过100目筛,得混合物A,其中球磨速率为650r/min,时间为14min。
B、将石墨颗粒、碳化硅、玻璃微珠混合后加入研磨机中研磨,得混合物B;
C、在混合物B中加入混合物A中,依次加入抗菌材料和增强纤维,充分混合后加入搅拌罐中先以200r/min的速度搅拌15min,再以4500r/min的速度搅拌25min,得混合物C;
D、将混合物C装入装饰板模型中并置于煅烧炉中煅烧,煅烧温度为1100℃,煅烧时间为3h,之后降温至750℃,保温2h后缓慢冷却至室温,得发泡陶瓷保温装饰板半成品;
E、按尺寸需要切割半成品,即得成品。
对本发明各实施例中制备的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板进行抗压强度和隔热性能测试,得到数据如下表:
材料 抗压强度(MPa) 隔热性能
实施例1 4.2
实施例2 4.3
实施例3 4.1
实施例4 4.4
各实施例中发泡陶瓷保温装饰板产品的抗压强度均大于4.0MPa,具有优良的机械性能和隔热性能。本发明以煤矸石、铸造废砂等固体废弃物为主要原料,在保证产品使用性能的前提下大大降低了生产成本,同时有效解决了固体废弃物堆积的环境问题,是一种环境友好型资源节约型的生产方法。并且制备方法简单,制得的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板具有优异的抗压、耐磨、保温性能,而且结构稳定性好,不易变形,使用寿命长。
本发明中添加的抗菌材料具有优异的抗菌防霉性能,有效的防止装饰板受潮后出现发霉现象;添加的增强纤维能够大大改善发泡陶瓷板的防裂抗渗性能、抗冲击性能,增加了发泡陶瓷板的韧性;另外,本发明采用的制备方法操作简单,采用球磨、研磨、搅拌、煅烧的步骤,能够提高发泡陶瓷装饰板的加工质量。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石20-30份,铸造废砂10-30份,煅烧滑石10-20份,硅藻土8-12份,膨润土4-10份,发泡剂5-15份,闭孔珍珠岩4-12份,玻璃微珠4-10份,抗菌材料1-3份,增强纤维2-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料:煤矸石25份,铸造废砂20份,煅烧滑石15份,硅藻土10份,膨润土7份,发泡剂10份,闭孔珍珠岩8份,玻璃微珠7份,抗菌材料2份,增强纤维3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,其特征在于,所述发泡剂包括石墨颗粒或碳化硅。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,其特征在于,所述抗菌材料包括有机硅树脂、纳米氧化银、碳酸钙纳米粒子和石墨烯中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种发泡陶瓷保温装饰板,其特征在于,所述增强纤维由聚酯纤维、异形聚丙烯纤维、聚丙烯网状纤维和木质素纤维中的一种或多种复合而成。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、将煤矸石、铸造废砂、煅烧滑石、硅藻土、膨润土、闭孔珍珠岩混合后球磨并过100目筛,得混合物A;
B、将发泡剂、玻璃微珠混合后研磨,得混合物B;
C、将混合物B中加入混合物A中,并依次加入抗菌材料和增强纤维,充分搅拌,得混合物C;
D、将混合物C装入装饰板模型中,煅烧后缓慢冷却至室温,得发泡陶瓷保温装饰板半成品;
E、根据需要的尺寸切割半成品,即得成品。
7.根据权利要求6所述的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤A中球磨速率为500-800r/min,时间为8-20min。
8.根据权利要求6所述的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤C中搅拌过程为先以100-300r/min的速度搅拌10-20min,再以4000-5000r/min的速度搅拌20-30min。
9.根据权利要求6所述的发泡陶瓷保温装饰板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤D的煅烧过程为先在1000-1200℃下煅烧3-4h,再在700-800℃下保温1-2h。
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