CN109433267B - 一种抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109433267B
CN109433267B CN201811283435.6A CN201811283435A CN109433267B CN 109433267 B CN109433267 B CN 109433267B CN 201811283435 A CN201811283435 A CN 201811283435A CN 109433267 B CN109433267 B CN 109433267B
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王兴通
刘克
王品虎
刘欣
张东利
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Abstract

本发明属于药学技术领域,具体涉及一种抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体的制备方法。本发明采用2‑甲基咪唑和铜盐为原料在甲醇中反应后经煅烧制备出碳化咪唑骨架铜材料,然后与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料;然后将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料作为催化剂用于催化5‑氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合制备5‑氯‑1‑(4‑氟苯基)‑1H‑吲哚;本发明制备的催化剂催化效率高,用量为5‑氯吲哚重量的千分之五十左右即可在4‑6h使反应达到平衡,且催化剂能够回收套用。

Description

一种抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于药学技术领域,具体涉及一种抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体的制备方法,更为具体的涉及一种采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料作为催化剂用于催化5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合制备抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚。
背景技术
目前市场上用于抗帕金森病的主要药物是左旋多巴,但是这种药物对机体产生很大的副作用,需配合多种药物使用,而且长期服用左旋多巴会导致治疗效果降低,诱发运动障碍。舍吲哚可选择性抑制多巴胺能神经,特异性的作用于中脑皮层的多巴胺神经元,而较少作用于黑质-纹状体多巴胺通路,基本不发生迟发性运动障碍。
目前已有多种方法制备舍吲哚,如中国医药工业杂志,2012,43(10):801-803,舍吲哚的合成;郑州大学硕士学术论文,2010年05月,舍吲哚合成工艺与质量标准研究;5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚是现有舍吲哚制备路线中均涉及的关键中间体,其由5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合反应制备而成,反应方程式如Scheme 1所示:
Figure BDA0001848515720000011
1992年,Perregaard在J.Med.Chem.1992,35,1092-1101中采用Ullmann反应法制备5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚的类似物;但改法收率仅为50%左右,且Ullmann反应有色副产物较多,难以处理铜与反应产物的配合物;2003年CN 1642942 A公开了一种采用催化量的铜盐作为催化剂、加入碱和碱性螯合配体高选择性的制备出5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚,但该方法反应时间一般在24h以上且后处理十分繁琐,制备出的产品多为油状物,不利于大规模生产。
如何对Ullmann催化剂进行结构优化提高其催化活性,并将催化剂中的铜离子从反应体系中分离出来避免形成配合物杂质是解决目前5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚制备过程中的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚制备过程反应收率低、后处理繁琐的缺陷;本发明首先采用2-甲基咪唑和铜盐为原料在甲醇中反应后经煅烧制备出碳化咪唑骨架铜材料,然后与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料;然后将聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料作为催化剂用于催化5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合制备5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚;本发明制备的催化剂催化效率高,用量为5-氯吲哚重量的千分之五十左右即可在4-6h使反应达到平衡,且催化剂能够回收套用。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明提供了一种聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在甲醇溶剂中加入50mmol 2-甲基咪唑和10mmol铜盐在40-60℃搅拌反应12-24h,然后停止搅拌静置,过滤、减压干燥至恒重后置于煅烧炉中在氮气氛围下于600-700℃煅烧2-3h,以3-5℃/min的降温速率降温至室温得碳化咪唑骨架铜材料;
2)在80%V甲醇的水溶液中加入碳化咪唑骨架铜材料0.1-0.4g、1.0g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30、0.1-0.2g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵搅拌均匀后升温至回流反应10-24h,然后减压浓缩至干得粉末状聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料。采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为改性剂对碳化咪唑骨架铜材料进行改性大大提升了催化剂的催化性能,并且PVP中吡咯环对铜的强络合力,克服了有机小分子5-氯吲哚或5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚与催化剂中的铜离子发生络合生成相应的配合物造成难以分离纯化的缺陷,也避免了活性铜的流失。
优选的,所述铜盐为CuCl、CuBr、CuI或Cu(OAc)2中的任意一种或两种;进一步优选为Cu(OAc)2
优选的,步骤2)中碳化咪唑骨架铜材料加入量为0.2-0.3g。
根据本发明的另一个方面,本发明提供了一种聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料的用途,在溶剂的存在下,用于催化5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合制备5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚;反应方程式如Scheme 1所示:
Figure BDA0001848515720000031
包括如下步骤:
1)在溶剂中加入5-氯吲哚、对溴氟苯和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料和碱升温至40-120℃反应;
2)HPLC检测反应液中5-氯吲哚含量不再下降后,停止反应,降温至室温,过滤去除催化剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料得滤液;
3)滤液进行后处理得5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚。
优选的,按照摩尔比计算,步骤1)中5-氯吲哚:对溴氟苯=1:1.05-1.2;
优选的,步骤1)所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料加入量为5-氯吲哚重量的千分之十到千分之一百;
优选的,所述溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、氮氮二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);
优选的,所述碱为碳酸钾、三乙胺或吡啶;所述碱的摩尔用量以稍微大于5-氯吲哚的摩尔用量为宜,一般为5-氯吲哚的摩尔用量的1.1-1.5倍;
本发明所述的后处理是指将目标产品5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚通过化学领域常见的分离纯化工序从滤液中以纯度尽可能高的形式分离出来,常见的分离纯化工序有酸碱中和、萃取、过滤、浓缩、结晶等;本领域技术人员可以以分离出产品的纯度和收率为指标,对具体后处理方法进行优化。
本发明首次采用2-甲基咪唑和铜盐为原料在甲醇中反应后经煅烧制备出碳化咪唑骨架铜材料,然后利用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为改性剂进行包覆改性制备出包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料,作为催化剂用于催化制备抗迟发型运动障碍用药物舍吲哚中间体5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚,与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1)本发明制备的催化剂催化效率高,催化剂用量为5-氯吲哚重量的千分之五十左右即可在4-6h使反应完全转化,较传统Ullmann反应用催化剂用量降低了数量级;
2)本发明在催化剂的制备过程中采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为改性剂进行包覆改性制备出包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料,大大提高了其催化5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合的活性;
3)本发明制备的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料中吡咯环对铜的强络合力,克服了有机小分子5-氯吲哚或5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚与催化剂中的铜离子发生络合生成相应的配合物造成难以分离纯化的缺陷,也避免了活性铜的流失;
4)通过本发明催化方法制备的5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚为结晶状态固体颗粒,克服了现有技术中制备出产品纯度低且为油状物的缺陷。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了,下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解,这些描述只是示例性的,而并非要限制本发明的范围。
5-氯吲哚来自于山东西亚化学工业有限公司,纯度为99.86%;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP-K30,优级纯);
HPLC检测方法:色谱柱,Agilent C8(250X4mm,5μm),柱温40℃,检测波长230nm;流速为1.0ml/min;流动相A为水/乙腈=65/35,流动相B为:水/乙腈=15/85;按表1的梯度进行洗脱:
表1流动相梯度洗脱程序
时间/min A/% B/%
0 60 40
30 0 100
40 0 100
实施例1
本发明以Cu(OAc)2为例作为铜盐制备聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料,包括如下步骤:
1)三口反应瓶中加入200ml甲醇,在甲醇溶剂中加入2-甲基咪唑(50mmol,4.105g)和Cu(OAc)2一水合物(10mmol,2.0g)在40-60℃搅拌反应24h,然后停止搅拌静置12h,过滤、60℃减压干燥至恒重后置于煅烧炉中在氮气氛围下于600-700℃煅烧2-3h,以3-5℃/min的降温速率降温至室温得碳化咪唑骨架铜材料(简写为C/ZIF-Cu);
2)在50ml浓度为80V%甲醇的水溶液中加入碳化咪唑骨架铜材料0.2g、1.0g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30、0.15g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵搅拌均匀后升温至回流反应10-24h,然后减压浓缩至干得粉末状聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料(简写为PVP@C/ZIF-Cu)。
采用本发明制备的碳化咪唑骨架铜材料(简写为C/ZIF-Cu)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料(简写为PVP@C/ZIF-Cu)分别作为催化剂催化5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合反应制备5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚,具体方法如下:
反应瓶中加入35ml甲醇、5-氯吲哚(1.51g,10mmol)、对溴氟苯(2.10g,12mmol)、催化剂(0.15g,10wt%)和碳酸钾(1.52g,11mmol)在氮气氛围下进行回流反应,每隔1h取反应液进行HPLC检测,待前后两次检测反应液中5-氯吲哚含量不再降低时停止反应,统计各催化体系反应液中5-氯吲哚、5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚及其副产物的面积百分比(按面积归一化法,扣除对溴氟苯及其催化剂的面积峰),结果如表2所示:
表2催化剂的催化效果
Figure BDA0001848515720000051
Figure BDA0001848515720000061
注:A代表5-氯吲哚,B代表5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚,C代表反应中生成的副产物。
试验结果表明,采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料(简写为PVP@C/ZIF-Cu)作为催化剂能够有效催化5-氯吲哚与对溴氟苯缩合反应制备5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚(反应8h,产物面积百分比达到76.1%);采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆后虽然铜离子的浓度大大降低,但是其改性制备出的催化剂活性却大大提高;可能是由于经过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆改性后形成了新的配合物,配合物与底物5-氯吲哚和对溴氟苯作用加强促使反应进行。
实施例2
本发明以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料(简写为PVP@C/ZIF-Cu)作为催化剂,对催化反应从反应溶剂、催化剂用量、碱的种类做进一步优化,以提高5-氯吲哚的转化率,方法如下:
反应瓶中加入35ml溶剂、5-氯吲哚(1.51g,10mmol)、对溴氟苯(2.10g,12mmol)、催化剂(5-氯吲哚重量的0.1wt%-50wt%)和碱(11mmol)在氮气氛围下于60℃下反应(沸点低于此温度的溶剂甲醇采取回流反应),每隔1h取反应液进行HPLC检测,待前后两次检测反应液中5-氯吲哚含量不再降低时停止反应,统计各反应体系反应液中5-氯吲哚、5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚及其副产物的面积百分比(按面积归一化法,扣除对溴氟苯及其催化剂的面积峰),结果如表3所示:
表3催化反应条件优化
Figure BDA0001848515720000062
Figure BDA0001848515720000071
注:A代表5-氯吲哚,B代表5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚,C代表反应中生成的副产物。
试验结果表明,溶剂种类和碱的种类是影响催化反应的关键影响因素,本发明催化反应溶剂选择氮氮二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、碱选择三乙胺时,催化剂用量为5-氯吲哚重量的5.0wt%s时即可以在60℃反应6h使5-氯吲哚几乎完全转化(仅剩余0.2%),总杂质含量为0.7%。
实施例3
1)在10L的双层玻璃反应釜中加入5.0LDMF开启搅拌,然后向溶剂中依次加入5-氯吲哚(151.6g,1mol)、对溴氟苯(210g,1.2mol)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料(8.3g,5.5wt%)和三乙胺(111.3g,1.1mol)升温至70±5℃反应;
2)反应6h后取反应液进行HPLC检测(按面积归一化法,扣除对溴氟苯及其催化剂的面积峰:5-氯吲哚1.38%,5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚97.93%,杂质0.68%),继续保温反应1h后取反应液进行HPLC检测(按面积归一化法,扣除对溴氟苯及其催化剂的面积峰:5-氯吲哚0.16%,5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚98.96%,杂质0.88%),停止反应,降温至室温,过滤去除催化剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料得滤液;
3)滤液转移至20L结晶釜中升温至45-50℃搅拌,然后向反应釜中滴加反溶剂正庚烷至体系中出现浑浊停止滴加,将搅拌桨转速调节至60-70rpm保温养晶1-2h,继续滴加正庚烷至体系中不再有5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚析出(每隔30min从反应釜中取约1ml晶浆采用津腾牌有机微孔滤头过滤,滤液置于1ml的离心管中在45-50℃的恒温水浴中加热,向离心管中滴加正庚烷,观察离心管中是否有固体析出,从而判断是否需要继续滴加正庚烷),自然降温至室温、过滤、0-5℃的丙酮淋洗滤饼后,收集滤饼在45℃减压干燥至恒重得227.9g类白色颗粒物5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚,收率为92.8%;取样进行HPLC检测含量为99.69%(外标法);1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ:7.83(1H,d);7.52-7.39(3H,m);7.36(1H,d);7.33-7.19(3H,m);6.66(1H,d)。
对过滤回收后的催化剂采用DMF在40℃下超声洗涤,然后过滤干燥至恒重后套用,一次套用后5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚产品收率为91.4%,与新鲜催化剂相比仅有少量降低,工业化生产中可以对回收催化剂进行套用,进一步降低生产成本。
尽管已经详细描述了本发明的实施方式,但是应该理解的是,在不偏离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对本发明的实施方式做出各种改变、替换和变更。

Claims (1)

1.一种5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)在10L的双层玻璃反应釜中加入5.0L DMF开启搅拌,然后向溶剂中依次加入151 .6g的5-氯吲哚、210g对溴氟苯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料8.3g和111.3g三乙胺升温至70± 5℃反应;
2)反应6h后取反应液进行HPLC检测,按面积归一化法,扣除对溴氟苯及其催化剂的面积峰:5-氯吲哚1.38%,5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚97 .93%,杂质0 .68%;继续保温反应1h后取反应液进行HPLC检测,按面积归一化法,扣除对溴氟苯及其催化剂的面积峰:5-氯吲哚0 .16%,5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚98 .96%,杂质0 .88%,停止反应,降温至室温,过滤去除催化剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料得滤液;
3)滤液转移至20L结晶釜中升温至45-50℃搅拌,然后向反应釜中滴加反溶剂正庚烷至体系中出现浑浊停止滴加,将搅拌桨转速调节至60-70rpm保温养晶1-2h,继续滴加正庚烷至体系中不再有5-氯-1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吲哚析出,自然降温至室温、过滤、0-5℃的丙酮淋洗滤饼后,收集滤饼在45℃减压干燥至恒重得227 .9g类白色颗粒物,收率为92.8%;取样进行HPLC检测含量为99.69%;
所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)三口反应瓶中加入200ml甲醇,在甲醇溶剂中加入2-甲基咪唑4 .105g和Cu(OAc)2一水合物10mmol在40-60℃搅拌反应24h,然后停止搅拌静置12h,过滤、60℃减压干燥至恒重后置于煅烧炉中在氮气氛围下于600-700℃煅烧2-3h,以3-5℃/min的降温速率降温至室温得碳化咪唑骨架铜材料;
2)在50ml浓度为80V%甲醇的水溶液中加入碳化咪唑骨架铜材料0 .2g、1 .0g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30、0 .15g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵搅拌均匀后升温至回流反应10-24h,然后减压浓缩至干,得粉末状聚乙烯吡咯烷酮包覆的碳化咪唑骨架铜多孔晶体材料。
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