CN109432115B - 一种治疗原发性痛经的药物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种治疗原发性痛经的药物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109432115B CN109432115B CN201811604348.6A CN201811604348A CN109432115B CN 109432115 B CN109432115 B CN 109432115B CN 201811604348 A CN201811604348 A CN 201811604348A CN 109432115 B CN109432115 B CN 109432115B
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- paeoniflorin
- eriocitrin
- primary dysmenorrhea
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Abstract
本发明属于医药领域,特别涉及一种治疗原发性痛经的药物及其用途。所述治疗原发性痛经的药物由存在于中药中的天然活性成分制成。其活性成分至少含有芍药苷,进一步的还可以含有圣草次苷或圣草酚‑7‑O‑葡糖苷中的一种。其中优选的活性成分为芍药苷和圣草次苷。所述治疗原发性痛经的药物的剂型优选为口服制剂,尤其是口服片剂、胶囊等口服固体剂型。所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷20~40重量份、圣草次苷11~17重量份。上述药物对原发性痛经动物模型显示出良好的镇痛效果,具有作为原发性痛经治疗药物的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一种治疗原发性痛经的药物及其用途。
背景技术
痛经是女性经期出现的一种腹痛症状,根据痛经的原因分为原发性痛经和继发性痛经两种。其中继发性痛经往往是由于其他疾病引发的经期疼痛,如子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌腺症、慢性盆腔炎、子宫畸形等,均会引发经期疼痛。对于继发性痛经的治疗,需要对原发疾病进行对症治疗方可缓解经期疼痛症状。而原发性痛经往往无明显器质性病变,也不伴随其他可能导致痛经的妇科疾病。原发性痛经女性的典型症状是经期前后或经期出现阵发性或持续发作的剧烈腹痛、腰酸、下腹坠胀或其它不适,多发于15~40岁的未孕女性,发生率约42~90%。通常女性孕产后原发性痛经会得到缓解。原发性痛经发作往往疼痛难忍,在经期前后或经期这段时间内严重影响女性的工作和生活,大部分女性都有因原发性痛经导致疼痛难忍、难以睡眠和工作请假等。
对于原发性痛经的病因,目前认为与子宫结构因素、激素分泌以及钙离子通道有关。首先,宫颈狭窄、子宫屈曲容易导致峡部张力增高、经血流出不畅,刺激子宫收缩而引起痛经;内膜管型脱落也是引起原发性痛经的原因之一。体内激素分泌如前列腺素、催产素、加压素等也可导致子宫平滑肌痉挛性收缩,导致子宫缺血,引发痛经症状。细胞内钙离子浓度升高也参与了痛经的发生。
关于原发性痛经病因的认知,部分是在药物治疗出现效果后通过药物本身的作用机制反推得知的。例如钙离子通道阻滞剂尼卡地平等能够较好的缓解痛经症状,因此推测细胞内钙离子浓度升高是引起原发性痛经的原因之一。实际上细胞内钙离子浓度升高本身也确实可以引起平滑肌收缩。非甾体类抗炎药物如阿司匹林、吲哚美辛对原发性痛经也有一定的治疗效果。而非甾体类抗炎药物的共同特点是能够通过抑制环氧合酶阻断前列腺素的生物合成发挥镇痛作用。前列腺素属于炎症介质之一,但其他炎症介质如白介素类炎症介质,是否也导致了原发性痛经,目前没有确切的结论。因为,已有大量的药物具有抗炎活性但其中大量的抗炎药物对痛经并无治疗效果。非甾体类抗炎药物对神经系统、消化道系统、血液系统均具有一定的不良作用,因此用药应当谨慎。避孕药物能够抑制排卵,减轻痛经症状,但对于有孕产打算的女性而言则不宜使用避孕药物。
传统中医理论认为原发性痛经与寒凝、气滞、血瘀有关,因此在治疗原发性痛经的中药中存在较多的活血祛瘀药物,如川芎、桃仁、红花等。目前已知的临床应用效果较好的中药类原发性痛经治疗药物包括八味痛经片(川牛膝、牡丹皮、当归、白芍、延胡索、木香、桃仁、桂枝制成)、桃红四物汤(当归、白芍、熟地、川芎、桃仁、红花、延胡索、元胡、甘草)、少府逐淤汤(小茴香、、干姜、延胡索、 没药、当归、川芎、官桂、赤芍、蒲黄、 五灵脂)、桂枝茯苓胶囊(桂枝、茯苓、牡丹皮、桃仁、白芍)。虽然对传统中药复方治疗痛经的确切机制研究较少,但从单味中药的研究结果看,上述组方也符合现代医学的基本原理。如牡丹皮的丹皮酚、当归中的阿魏酸和藁本内酯、延胡索中的延胡索乙素、川芎中的川芎嗪、桂枝中的肉桂醛等均具有一定的镇痛活性。
中国专利文献CN103182041B公开了一种治疗调理痛经的中药组合物,用药多达27味,其中涉及了葫芦巴在痛经治疗药物中的应用。其中葫芦巴中含有多种木犀草素糖苷。木犀草素糖苷中的木犀草素-6-C-葡萄糖苷则被证明能够抑制子宫平滑肌收缩(Afifi FU,Khalil E, Abdalla S. Effect of isoorientin isolated from Arum palaestinum onuterine smooth muscle of rats and guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 May;65(2):173-7.);木犀草素-8-葡萄糖苷则被证明具有较强的镇痛效果(Da Silva RZ, YunesRA, de Souza MM, Delle Monache F, Cechinel-Filho V. Antinociceptiveproperties of conocarpan and orientin obtained from Piper solmsianum C. DC.var. solmsianum (Piperaceae). J Nat Med. 2010, 64(4):402-408.)。木犀草素是一种类黄酮化合物,木犀草素糖苷则属于木犀草素的糖苷衍生物。以上文献报道似乎显示木犀草素糖苷是葫芦巴治疗痛经的活性成分之一。
自然界中存在大量与木犀草素糖苷类似的黄酮、类黄酮的糖苷衍生物,其中包括圣草次苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷、黄芩苷等。关于黄芩苷的镇痛活性已有报道,而圣草次苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷虽然已报道具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等诸多活性,是否具有镇痛活性,目前仍没有研究报道。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的之一是提供一种治疗原发性痛经的药物,为原发性痛经的治疗以及疼痛的缓解提供一种新的药物。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种治疗原发性痛经的药物,含有芍药苷和药用辅料。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物还含有圣草次苷或圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷中的一种。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物由芍药苷、圣草次苷和药用辅料制成。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物为口服药物。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物为口服固体药物。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷20~40重量份、圣草次苷11~17重量份。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷25重量份、圣草次苷12重量份。
优选的,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷35重量份、圣草次苷16重量份。
优选的,所述口服固体药物为口服片剂,所述药用辅料包括:淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁。
本发明的另一方面还提供了芍药苷、圣草次苷的组合物,尤其是口服药物组合物在制备原发性痛经治疗药物中的用途。
上述技术方案所用的术语芍药苷,英文名为Peoniflorin,CAS号为23180-57-6。
上述技术方案所用的术语圣草次苷,英文名为Eriocitrin,CAS号为13463-28-0。
上述技术方案所用的术语圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷 CAS号为:38965-51-4。
上述技术方案所用的术语口服药物是指供人或其他动物经口给药的药物,包括口服固体药物和口服液体药物等。
上述技术方案所用的术语口服固体药物是指以固态药物制剂的形式供人或其他动物经口给药的药物,具体包括口服片剂、口服丸剂、口服颗粒剂、口服胶囊剂等。
上述技术方案所用的淀粉,是口服固体制剂常用的辅料之一,通常可选用玉米淀粉。
对于口服固体药物,如口服片剂,可采用如下组方和制备方法进行制备:
组方:
芍药苷 1200g
圣草次苷 576g
玉米淀粉 240g
羧甲淀粉钠 120g
硬脂酸镁 30 g
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷过80目筛;
取处方量玉米淀粉、 羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁过100目筛;
将处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷、玉米淀粉混匀,加450g蒸馏水制软材,20目筛制粒,干燥后24目筛整粒;
将整粒所得颗粒加入处方量羧甲淀粉钠和硬脂酸镁混合后压成10000片。
对于口服固体药物,如口服胶囊剂,可采用如下组方和制备方法进行制备:
组方:
芍药苷 1312.5g
圣草次苷 600g
羧甲淀粉钠 240g
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷、羧甲淀粉钠过80目筛,混合均匀,分装入10000粒胶囊。
本发明的药物的有益效果包括:芍药苷、圣草次苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷均为天然存在的活性物质,且安全剂量较高,与现有的避孕药物、非甾体类抗炎药物等相比具有安全性高的优点。芍药苷、圣草次苷组合物经口给药对原发性痛经动物模型显示出了良好的镇痛效果。与芍药苷单独使用相比,圣草次苷的加入有利于提高药物对原发性痛经动物模型的镇痛效果。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式对本发明技术方案进行详细解释和说明。
实施例1 芍药苷胶囊
组方:
芍药苷 1500g
羧甲淀粉钠 200g
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、羧甲淀粉钠过80目筛,混合均匀,分装入10000粒胶囊。
实施例2 芍药苷、圣草次苷复方胶囊
组方:
芍药苷 1312.5g
圣草次苷 600g
羧甲淀粉钠 240g
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷、羧甲淀粉钠过80目筛,混合均匀,分装入10000粒胶囊。
实施例3 芍药苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷复方胶囊
组方:
芍药苷 1200g
圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷 576g
羧甲淀粉钠 240g
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷、羧甲淀粉钠过80目筛,混合均匀,分装入10000粒胶囊。
实施例4 芍药苷、圣草次苷复方片剂
组方:
芍药苷 1200g
圣草次苷 576g
玉米淀粉 240g
羧甲淀粉钠 120g
硬脂酸镁 30g
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷过80目筛;
取处方量玉米淀粉、 羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁过100目筛;
将处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷、玉米淀粉混匀,加450g蒸馏水制软材,20目筛制粒,干燥后24目筛整粒;
将整粒所得颗粒加入处方量羧甲淀粉钠和硬脂酸镁混合后压成10000片。
实施例5 芍药苷、圣草次苷复方片剂
组方:
芍药苷 1470g
圣草次苷 672g
玉米淀粉 310g
羧甲淀粉钠 140g
硬脂酸镁 52
制备方法:
取处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷过80目筛;
取处方量玉米淀粉、 羧甲淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁过100目筛;
将处方量芍药苷、圣草次苷、玉米淀粉混匀,加613g蒸馏水制软材,20目筛制粒,干燥后24目筛整粒;
将整粒所得颗粒加入处方量羧甲淀粉钠和硬脂酸镁混合后压成10000片。
实施例6芍药苷、圣草次苷对原发性痛经动物模型的治疗效果
动物:雌性SPF 级KM小鼠,体重18~20 g,未孕。
分组:取小鼠40只随机分为4组,每组10只。
给药及建模:4组小鼠分别按照如下日剂量灌胃给药,每日灌胃给药1次,连续给药7日。给药均为上午8至10时给药。
模型组:灌胃生理盐水,每日灌胃给药1次,连续给药7日。
芍药苷组:灌胃芍药苷生理盐水混合液,每只每日灌胃芍药苷2.5mg,连续给药7日。
圣草次苷组:灌胃圣草次苷生理盐水混合液,每只每日灌胃圣草次苷2.5mg,连续给药7日。
复方给药组:灌胃芍药苷、圣草次苷的生理盐水混合液,每只每日灌胃芍药苷2.5mg、圣草次苷1.2mg,连续给药7日。
采用皮下注射己烯雌酚联合腹腔注射缩宫素的方法诱导小鼠原发性痛经症状。己烯雌酚自第4日(首次灌胃给药之日计算为第1日)上午灌胃给药前皮下注射,每只注射己烯雌酚0.02mg,第5、6、7日依此注射己烯雌酚,第7日(首次灌胃给药之日计算为第1日)己烯雌酚注射完毕并灌胃给药完毕后1小时,腹腔注射缩宫素1U/只,引发小鼠原发性痛经症状。
记录各组小鼠缩宫素注射完毕后30分钟内的扭体次数,考察芍药苷、圣草次苷对原发性痛经动物模型的治疗效果。每组动物的扭体次数采用均值和标准差表示,扭体次数的组间比较采用t检验。各组小鼠给药后扭体次数统计结果见下表。
表中a表示与模型组相比p<0.05;b表示与模型组相比p<0.01;c表示与芍药苷组相比p<0.05。扭体发生率以出现扭体现象的小鼠数量除以本组小鼠总数量进行计算。
从表中可见,芍药苷组(p<0.05)和复方给药组(p<0.01)的扭体次数均低于模型组,并且差异具有统计学意义。复方给药组的扭体次数低于芍药苷组(p<0.05),并且差异具有统计学意义。
圣草次苷组的扭体次数均低于模型组,但差异未达到显著水平(p=0.11>0.05)。其剂量相当于60kg的人体单次给药剂量约750mg。说明高剂量下圣草次苷有减少原发性痛经小鼠模型扭体次数的效果,但效果仍不显著;而同等剂量下芍药苷有减少原发性痛经小鼠模型扭体次数的效果,且显著高于生理盐水对照。但芍药苷显效仍然需要较高的剂量。圣草次苷的加入显著提高了芍药苷对原发性痛经小鼠模型的镇痛效果。
考虑到芍药苷口服生物利用度较低的问题,圣草次苷与芍药苷联合口服可能提高了芍药苷的生物利用度,改变了芍药苷的药代动力学特征。
Claims (6)
1.一种治疗原发性痛经的药物,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物由芍药苷、圣草次苷和药用辅料制成,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物为口服药物;所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷20~40重量份、圣草次苷11~17重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗原发性痛经的药物,其特征在于,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物为口服固体药物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗原发性痛经的药物,其特征在于,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷25重量份、圣草次苷12重量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗原发性痛经的药物,其特征在于,所述治疗原发性痛经的药物中芍药苷、圣草次苷的重量份比为:芍药苷35重量份、圣草次苷16重量份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的治疗原发性痛经的药物,其特征在于,所述口服固体药物为口服片剂,所述药用辅料包括:淀粉、羧甲基淀粉钠、硬脂酸镁。
6.权利要求1所述的治疗原发性痛经的药物在制备原发性痛经治疗药物中的用途。
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