CN109424648A - 滑动轴承及用于制造其的方法 - Google Patents

滑动轴承及用于制造其的方法 Download PDF

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CN109424648A
CN109424648A CN201810994379.0A CN201810994379A CN109424648A CN 109424648 A CN109424648 A CN 109424648A CN 201810994379 A CN201810994379 A CN 201810994379A CN 109424648 A CN109424648 A CN 109424648A
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sliding bearing
matrix
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C.亨奇克
B.皮纳卡普
A.恩格
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Renk GmbH
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Abstract

滑动轴承（1），具有金属材料的轴承基体（2），且具有非金属材料的滑动轴承层（4），其中滑动轴承层直接施加到轴承基体（2）或经由施加到轴承基体的金属材料的中间层（3）间接地施加到轴承基体（2）。金属材料的轴承基体（2）或金属材料的中间层（3）由奥氏体钢或金属合金制成。非金属材料的滑动轴承层（4）由聚醚醚酮（PEEK）或聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）制成。

Description

滑动轴承及用于制造其的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及滑动轴承和用于制造滑动轴承的方法。
背景技术
从实践中已知的滑动轴承通常包括金属材料的轴承基体，在该轴承基体上直接或经由中间层间接地施加同样金属材料的滑动轴承层。对于实践中已知的滑动轴承，轴承基体通常由钢制成，并且滑动轴承层通常由白色金属或青铜制成。对于实践中已知的滑动轴承，将白色金属材料或青铜材料喷射到基础轴承体或施加到轴承基体的中间层中，以便确保滑动轴承层的良好粘附。
尽管从实践中已知的滑动轴承关于所需的滑动性能和所需的耐磨性具有良好的性能，但存在进一步改善其性能的需要。出于这个原因，已经进行了用非金属材料的滑动轴承层代替金属材料的滑动轴承层的试验。
发明内容
然而，存在的问题是，用于滑动轴承层的非金属材料不能提供所需的滑动轴承性能，或者用于制造这种滑动轴承的方法太昂贵。由此出发，本发明基于创造一种具有改善的性能的新型滑动轴承和一种用于滑动轴承的简单制造的方法的目的。
该目的通过根据权利要求1或根据权利要求7的滑动轴承以及通过根据权利要求9或10的用于制造这种滑动轴承的方法来解决。
根据权利要求1，金属材料的轴承基体或金属材料的中间层由奥氏体钢或由金属合金（例如Cu、Cr、Zr）制成。滑动轴承层由非金属材料制成，例如由聚醚醚酮（PEEK）或聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）制成。具有这种基体、这种中间层和这种滑动轴承层的滑动轴承不仅拥有所需的滑动轴承性能，而且这种滑动轴承也可以很少的成本制造。
优选地，轴承基体或中间层由金属合金制成，即由Cu、Cr、Zr1合金制成，具有按重量0.5％至按重量1.2％的铬、按重量0.03％至按重量0.3％的锆且余量为铜。特别是当轴承基体或中间层由这种铜-铬材料制成时，可提供具有高导热性的有利的滑动轴承性能。通过选择性激光熔化（SLM）借助于生成制造方法（generative production method），也可特别容易且有利地制造滑动轴承。
优选地，与滑动轴承层相邻的轴承基体或与滑动轴承层相邻的中间层具有轮廓，特别是底切，滑动轴承层的材料接合在轮廓中。通过这种方式，可实现非金属材料的滑动轴承层与中间层或轴承基体的改善的形状配合联接。
根据权利要求7，中间层形成为SLM中间层，特别是当滑动轴承层经由中间层间接施加到轴承基体上时，而轴承基体形成为SLM部件，特别是当滑动轴承层直接施加到轴承基体上时。
附图说明
从从属权利要求和以下描述中获得本发明的优选的进一步发展。借助于附图更详细地阐释本发明的示例性实施例，但不限于此。
其示出：
图1：根据本发明第一方面的滑动轴承的示意图；
图2：图1中的细节II，和
图3：图1中的细节III，其为细节II的备选。
零件清单
1滑动轴承
2轴承基体
3中间层
4滑动轴承层
5轮廓
具体实施方式
本发明涉及滑动轴承和用于制造滑动轴承的方法。
图1高度示意性地示出了根据本发明的滑动轴承1的优选示例性实施例的构造，其中图1中的滑动轴承1包括金属材料的轴承基体2、施加到同样是金属材料的轴承基体2的中间层3以及非金属材料的滑动轴承层4，其中非金属材料的滑动轴承层4施加到中间层3上。
施加到轴承基体2的中间层3是金属材料层，即奥氏体钢或金属合金层。
非金属材料的滑动轴承层4例如是聚醚醚酮（PEEK）或聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）的滑动轴承层。
图1中所示的示例性实施例中，中间层3形成为SLM中间层，其经由选择性激光熔化并因此经由生成制造方法施加到轴承基体2。
这里，中间层3提供与滑动轴承层4相邻的优选为底切的轮廓5，滑动轴承层4的材料接合在该轮廓中，其中在图2中，底切由燕尾状轮廓5提供，并且在图3中，底切由圆锥形轮廓5提供。形成底切的蜂窝状、华夫饼状、格子状或其它轮廓5也可形成在中间层3的与滑动轴承层4相邻的区域中。
由聚醚醚酮或聚四氟乙烯制成的滑动轴承层4优选通过熔到其上或熔到其中，特别是利用在底切5后面接合而施加到中间层3。
由金属材料制成的中间层3优选由金属合金制成，特别优选由CuCrZr1合金制成。
CuCrZr1合金优选包括按重量0.5％至按重量1.2％的铬，按重量0.03％至按重量0.3％的锆，且余量为铜，其中最大允许多至按重量0.08％的铁的混合物、最大允许多至按重量0.1％的硅的混合物和最大允许多至按重量0.2％的其它混合物。
因此，在本发明的优选示例性实施例中，施加到轴承基体2的中间层3经由选择性激光熔化形成为SLM中间层，且由金属材料形成，即由奥氏体钢或金属合金形成。作为金属合金，使用CuCrZr1合金和作为奥氏体钢的优选的X5CrNi18-10合金。在每种情况下，通过选择性激光熔化将中间层3施加到轴承基体2上，即经受形成促进施加滑动轴承层4的轮廓，其中这些轮廓5特别形成底切。非金属材料的滑动轴承层4由抗摩擦材料构成，优选耐高温塑料，例如由聚醚醚酮或聚四氟乙烯构成，且熔到中间层3上，特别是熔到中间层3的轮廓5中或压入中间层3的轮廓5中。
与图1至3中所示的示例性实施例相反，轴承基体2本身可能通过选择性激光熔化实施为SLM部件。在这种情况下，不存在单独的中间层3，但是滑动轴承层3的滑动轴承材料，即聚醚醚酮或聚四氟乙烯，然后直接施加到SLM轴承基体2，其中SLM轴承基体2然后形成轮廓5，其中特别是在面对滑动轴承层4的表面上的底切。在这种情况下，轴承基体由金属合金制成，例如，如CuCrZr1合金或由奥氏体钢制成，例如，如X5CrNi18-10合金。

Claims (11)

1.一种滑动轴承（1），具有金属材料的轴承基体（2），且具有非金属材料的滑动轴承层（4），其中所述滑动轴承层（4）直接施加到所述轴承基体（2）或间接地经由施加到所述轴承基体（2）上的金属材料的中间层（3）施加到所述轴承基体（2），
其特征在于
所述金属材料的所述轴承基体（2）或所述金属材料的所述中间层（3）由奥氏体钢或电极金属制成，
所述非金属材料的所述滑动轴承层（4）由聚醚醚酮，即PEEK，或聚四氟乙烯，即PTFE，制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承基体（2）或所述中间层（3）由电极金属制成，即由CuCrZr1合金制成，所述合金具有按重量0.5％至按重量1.2％的铬，按重量0.03％至按重量0.3％的锆，且余量为铜。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，与所述滑动轴承层（4）相邻的所述轴承基体（2）或与所述滑动轴承层（4）相邻的所述中间层（3）具有轮廓（5），特别是底切，所述滑动轴承层（4）的所述材料接合到其中。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述轮廓（5），特别是所述底切，具有燕尾状或蜂窝状或华夫饼状或圆锥形轮廓。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述轴承基体（2）形成为SLM部件。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述中间层（3）形成为SLM中间层。
7.一种滑动轴承（1），具有金属材料的轴承基体（2），且具有非金属材料的滑动轴承层（4），其中所述滑动轴承层（4）直接施加到所述轴承基体（2）或间接地经由施加到所述轴承基体（2）上的金属材料的中间层（3）施加到所述轴承基体（2），
其特征在于，特别是当所述滑动轴承层（4）经由所述中间层（3）间接地施加到所述轴承基体（2）上时，所述中间层（3）形成为SLM中间层，且其中当所述滑动轴承层（4）直接施加到所述轴承基体（2）上时，所述轴承基体（2）形成为SLM部件。
8.根据权利要求7所述的滑动轴承，其特征在于，所述滑动轴承根据权利要求1至6中任一项形成。
9.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至4和6至8中任一项所述的滑动轴承的方法，其特征在于，
提供所述金属材料的轴承基体（2），
所述金属材料的所述中间层（3）经由选择性激光熔化施加到所述轴承基体（2）上，
所述非金属材料的所述滑动轴承层（4）通过熔到其上或熔到其中施加到所述中间层（3）。
10.用于制造根据权利要求1至5和7与8中任一项所述的滑动轴承的方法，其特征在于，
经由选择性激光熔化制造轴承基体（2），
所述非金属材料的所述滑动轴承层（4）通过熔到其上或熔到其中施加到所述轴承基体（2）。
11.用于制造根据权利要求10所述的滑动轴承的方法，其特征在于，
经由选择性激光熔化制造轴承基体（2），
通过增材制造方法将所述滑动轴承层（4）平行或按顺序地引入到所述轴承基体（2）和所述中间层的制造中。
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