CN109402869A - 聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法 - Google Patents

聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN109402869A
CN109402869A CN201811472612.5A CN201811472612A CN109402869A CN 109402869 A CN109402869 A CN 109402869A CN 201811472612 A CN201811472612 A CN 201811472612A CN 109402869 A CN109402869 A CN 109402869A
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孙霞
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Abstract

本发明提供一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡自上而下依次是:第一混合纤维层、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层和第二混合纤维层,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的外表面上粘附有聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层上设有若干均匀分布的通孔;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层的成分为聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维。本发明具有增强过滤效果,提高断裂强度的优点。

Description

聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法。
背景技术
聚四氟乙烯针刺毡是一种结构合理、性能较好的过滤材料,以聚四氟乙烯短纤维和基布为原料,通过刺针机对梳理后的聚四氟乙烯短纤维进行针刺,用机械方法使毡层聚四氟乙烯纤维之间、毡层聚四氟乙烯纤维与增强聚四氟乙烯基布之间纤维相互缠结,聚四氟乙烯纤网得以加固而制成的毡状非织造布过滤材料。它不仅具有聚四氟乙烯纤维材料固有的优点,而且毡层聚四氟乙烯纤维呈单纤维,无定向三维微孔结构,孔隙率高,对气体过滤阻力小,是一种性能较好的过滤材料,针刺毡的过滤机理是深层过滤,即依靠滤料内部结构对粉尘进行拦截,净化后的烟气则穿过滤料,普通聚四氟乙烯针刺毡存在滤料不均匀,滤孔较大,过滤效果不好,容易断裂的问题。
因此,急需一种增强过滤效果,提高断裂强度的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法。
发明内容
为了解决现有聚四氟乙烯针刺毡存在滤料不均匀,滤孔较大,过滤效果不好,容易断裂的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡及其制造方法,具有强过滤效果,提高断裂强度的优点。
本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡自上而下依次是:第一混合纤维层、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层和第二混合纤维层,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的外表面上粘附有聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层上设有若干均匀分布的通孔;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层的成分为聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维。
通过在聚四氟乙烯短纤维中添加OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维来调节纤维的缠结程度制备针刺毡,制备的针刺毡的力学性能和过滤性能得到提高,断裂强度也得到提高,为改善纤维缠结程度差导致滤料过滤效率低的不足,将针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,改善滤料的致密度和光滑度,同时提高滤料的抗氧化、耐温能力,增强滤料的憎水性,在聚四氟乙烯涂胶层表面上设置通孔,可提高针刺毡对细小微粒的过滤效率。
优选的,所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层中各成分的质量份数:聚四氟乙烯短纤维50%、OPAN纤维30%和Nomex纤维20%。
优选的,所述聚四氟乙烯短纤维的纤维细度为5-10den,长度范围30-50mm,所述OPAN纤维的纤维细度2-6den,长度范围20-40mm,所述Nomex纤维的纤维细度3-8den,长度范围30-40mm。
优选的,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层的厚度为10-50mm,所述通孔的孔深为10-50mm,孔径为3-10μm。
该聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维分别用抗静电剂处理,然后静置10h,开松,得到混合纤维;
S2、将所述S1步骤得到的混合纤维喂入梳理机中进行梳理,梳理2次,梳理后的混合纤维通过铺网机铺网,得到混合纤维网层;
S3、将所述S2步骤制得的混合纤维网层在聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层上下两面铺叠后,进行预针刺,得到预针刺毡,预针刺毡再进行两道主刺,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡;
S4、将所述S3步骤得到的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡进行热定型和烧毛轧光的后整理加工;
S5、将所述S4步骤后整理加工好的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍槽中进行浸渍加工,聚四氟乙烯针刺毡表面形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层;
S6、将所述S5制备的聚四氟乙烯涂胶层用激光打孔机对其进行打孔,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡成品。
在针刺密度达到一定值后,织物变得紧密,继续增加针刺遍数,针刺带动纤维转移变得困难,会增加纤维的损伤,而导致纤维强力下降,。
优选的,所述S3步骤中预针针频400-500刺/min,针刺深度6-8mm;一道主刺的针频700-800刺/min,针刺深度0.4-0.7cm,针刺密度160-190刺/cm2;二道主刺的针频900-1000刺/min,针刺深度0.6-0.8cm,针刺密度200-210刺/cm2
优选的,所述S5步骤中聚四氟乙烯乳液浓度为4%,浸渍时间6min,烘焙温度135℃,烘焙时间6min。
本发明的有益效果是:通过在聚四氟乙烯短纤维中添加OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维来调节纤维的缠结程度制备针刺毡,制备的针刺毡的力学性能和过滤性能得到提高,断裂强度也得到提高,为改善纤维缠结程度差导致滤料过滤效率低的不足,将针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,改善滤料的致密度和光滑度,同时提高滤料的抗氧化、耐温能力,增强滤料的憎水性,在聚四氟乙烯涂胶层表面上设置通孔,可提高针刺毡对细小微粒的过滤效率。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1是本发明结构示意图;
图中标记为:1、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层;2、第一混合纤维层;3、第二混合纤维层;4、聚四氟乙烯涂胶层;41、通孔。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示,一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡自上而下依次是:第一混合纤维层、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层和第二混合纤维层,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的外表面上粘附有聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层上设有若干均匀分布的通孔;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层的成分为聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层中各成分的质量份数:聚四氟乙烯短纤维50%、OPAN纤维30%和Nomex纤维20%;所述聚四氟乙烯短纤维的纤维细度为5den,长度30mm,所述OPAN纤维的纤维细度2den,长度20mm,所述Nomex纤维的纤维细度3den,长度30mm;所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层的厚度为10mm,所述通孔的孔深为10mm,孔径为3μm。
该聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维分别用抗静电剂处理,然后静置10h,开松,得到混合纤维;
S2、将所述S1步骤得到的混合纤维喂入梳理机中进行梳理,梳理2次,梳理后的混合纤维通过铺网机铺网,得到混合纤维网层;
S3、将所述S2步骤制得的混合纤维网层在聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层上下两面铺叠后,进行预针刺,预针针频400刺/min,针刺深度6mm,得到预针刺毡,预针刺毡再进行两道主刺,一道主刺的针频700刺/min,针刺深度0.4cm,针刺密度160刺/cm2;二道主刺的针频900刺/min,针刺深度0.6cm,针刺密度200刺/cm2,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡;
S4、将所述S3步骤得到的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡进行热定型和烧毛轧光的后整理加工;
S5、将所述S4步骤后整理加工好的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍槽中进行浸渍加工,聚四氟乙烯乳液浓度为4%,浸渍时间6min,烘焙温度135℃,烘焙时间6min,聚四氟乙烯针刺毡表面形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层;
S6、将所述S5制备的聚四氟乙烯涂胶层用激光打孔机对其进行打孔,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡成品。
实施例2
一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡自上而下依次是:第一混合纤维层、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层和第二混合纤维层,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的外表面上粘附有聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层上设有若干均匀分布的通孔;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层的成分为聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层中各成分的质量份数:聚四氟乙烯短纤维50%、OPAN纤维30%和Nomex纤维20%;所述聚四氟乙烯短纤维的纤维细度为7den,长度40mm,所述OPAN纤维的纤维细度4den,长度30mm,所述Nomex纤维的纤维细度5den,长度35mm;所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层的厚度为30mm,所述通孔的孔深为30mm,孔径为5μm。
该聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维分别用抗静电剂处理,然后静置10h,开松,得到混合纤维;
S2、将所述S1步骤得到的混合纤维喂入梳理机中进行梳理,梳理2次,梳理后的混合纤维通过铺网机铺网,得到混合纤维网层;
S3、将所述S2步骤制得的混合纤维网层在聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层上下两面铺叠后,进行预针刺,预针针频450刺/min,针刺深度7mm,得到预针刺毡,预针刺毡再进行两道主刺,一道主刺的针频740刺/min,针刺深度0.5cm,针刺密度170刺/cm2;二道主刺的针频960刺/min,针刺深度0.7cm,针刺密度205刺/cm2,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡;
S4、将所述S3步骤得到的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡进行热定型和烧毛轧光的后整理加工;
S5、将所述S4步骤后整理加工好的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍槽中进行浸渍加工,聚四氟乙烯乳液浓度为4%,浸渍时间6min,烘焙温度135℃,烘焙时间6min,聚四氟乙烯针刺毡表面形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层;
S6、将所述S5制备的聚四氟乙烯涂胶层用激光打孔机对其进行打孔,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡成品。
实施例3
一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡自上而下依次是:第一混合纤维层、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层和第二混合纤维层,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的外表面上粘附有聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层上设有若干均匀分布的通孔;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层的成分为聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层中各成分的质量份数:聚四氟乙烯短纤维50%、OPAN纤维30%和Nomex纤维20%;所述聚四氟乙烯短纤维的纤维细度为10den,长度50mm,所述OPAN纤维的纤维细度6den,长度40mm,所述Nomex纤维的纤维细度8den,长度40mm;所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层的厚度为50mm,所述通孔的孔深为50mm,孔径为10μm。
该聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维分别用抗静电剂处理,然后静置10h,开松,得到混合纤维;
S2、将所述S1步骤得到的混合纤维喂入梳理机中进行梳理,梳理2次,梳理后的混合纤维通过铺网机铺网,得到混合纤维网层;
S3、将所述S2步骤制得的混合纤维网层在聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层上下两面铺叠后,进行预针刺,预针针频500刺/min,针刺深度8mm,得到预针刺毡,预针刺毡再进行两道主刺,一道主刺的针频800刺/min,针刺深度0.7cm,针刺密度190刺/cm2;二道主刺的1000刺/min,针刺深度0.8cm,针刺密度210刺/cm2,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡;
S4、将所述S3步骤得到的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡进行热定型和烧毛轧光的后整理加工;
S5、将所述S4步骤后整理加工好的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍槽中进行浸渍加工,聚四氟乙烯乳液浓度为4%,浸渍时间6min,烘焙温度135℃,烘焙时间6min,聚四氟乙烯针刺毡表面形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层;
S6、将所述S5制备的聚四氟乙烯涂胶层用激光打孔机对其进行打孔,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡成品。
实验效果
以聚四氟乙烯短纤维和基布为原料,通过刺针机对梳理后的聚四氟乙烯短纤维进行针刺,制备的针刺毡为对比例,测试实施例1-3和对比例制备的针刺毡的力学性能和过滤性能,力学性能以常温下的断裂强力和断裂拉伸率为标准,过滤性能以孔隙率和透气性为标准,测试结果如表1所示。
断裂强力(N) 断裂拉伸率(%) 孔隙率(%) 透气性(mm/s)
实施例1 1100 35 78.3 120.3
实施例2 1109 36 79.9 120.5
实施例3 1097 34 80.6 119.6
对比例 1016 26 84.4 170.4
由表1所示,实施例1-3的断裂强力和断裂拉伸率都大于对比例,提高滤料的断裂强度;滤料透气性是影响滤料过滤性能的一个重要指标,滤料透气性好,颗粒容易随气流穿透滤料,被截留的颗粒物减少,过滤效率变低,实施例1-3的孔隙率和透气性比对比例的低,提高了过滤性能。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡自上而下依次是:第一混合纤维层、聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层和第二混合纤维层,所述聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的外表面上粘附有聚四氟乙烯涂胶层,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层上设有若干均匀分布的通孔;所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层的成分为聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,其特征在于,所述第一混合纤维层和所述第二混合纤维层中各成分的质量份数:聚四氟乙烯短纤维50%、OPAN纤维30%和Nomex纤维20%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯短纤维的纤维细度为5-10den,长度范围30-50mm,所述OPAN纤维的纤维细度2-6den,长度范围20-40mm,所述Nomex纤维的纤维细度3-8den,长度范围30-40mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚四氟乙烯针刺毡,其特征在于,所述聚四氟乙烯涂胶层的厚度为10-50mm,所述通孔的孔深为10-50mm,孔径为3-10μm。
5.基于权利要求1-4任一项所述的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将聚四氟乙烯短纤维、OPAN纤维和Nomex纤维分别用抗静电剂处理,然后静置10h,开松,得到混合纤维;
S2、将所述S1步骤得到的混合纤维喂入梳理机中进行梳理,梳理2次,梳理后的混合纤维通过铺网机铺网,得到混合纤维网层;
S3、将所述S2步骤制得的混合纤维网层在聚四氟乙烯长丝基布层上下两面铺叠后,进行预针刺,得到预针刺毡,预针刺毡再进行两道主刺,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡;
S4、将所述S3步骤得到的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡进行热定型和烧毛轧光的后整理加工;
S5、将所述S4步骤后整理加工好的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡引入聚四氟乙烯乳液浸渍槽中进行浸渍加工,聚四氟乙烯针刺毡表面形成聚四氟乙烯涂胶层;
S6、将所述S5制备的聚四氟乙烯涂胶层用激光打孔机对其进行打孔,得到聚四氟乙烯针刺毡成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,其特征在于,所述S3步骤中预针针频400-500刺/min,针刺深度6-8mm;一道主刺的针频700-800刺/min,针刺深度0.4-0.7cm,针刺密度160-190刺/cm2;二道主刺的针频900-1000刺/min,针刺深度0.6-0.8cm,针刺密度200-210刺/cm2
7.根据权利要求5所述的聚四氟乙烯针刺毡的制造方法,其特征在于,所述S5步骤中聚四氟乙烯乳液浓度为4%,浸渍时间6min,烘焙温度135℃,烘焙时间6min。
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