CN105879494B - 一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105879494B
CN105879494B CN201610280109.4A CN201610280109A CN105879494B CN 105879494 B CN105879494 B CN 105879494B CN 201610280109 A CN201610280109 A CN 201610280109A CN 105879494 B CN105879494 B CN 105879494B
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陈照峰
李艳明
吴操
李斌斌
王蕾
叶信立
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Suzhou Superlong Aviation Heat Resistance Material Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法,具体步骤为:玻璃纤维进行酸处理和热烧结工艺,提高玻璃中的SiO2含量,降低其收缩率。通过梳理、成网和针刺工艺,将短切玻璃纤维束制备高硅氧玻璃纤维针刺毡,与基布复合,浸渍处理,固化定型,形成耐高温过滤毡。其优点在于玻璃纤维通过酸处理和热烧结,提高其SiO2含量,降低其收缩率;高硅氧玻璃纤维可长期在900℃环境下使用,可用于耐温绝热材料和高温烟尘过滤等领域;高硅氧玻璃纤维针刺毡与基布组成耐高温过滤毡,具有耐高温、阻燃和过滤效率高等优点,可实现对PM2.5的有效过滤,在高温烟道和特殊气体热介质的过滤具有广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种过滤毡制备方法,尤其是涉及一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法,属于过滤材料领域。
背景技术
随着科技的飞速发展,电力、钢铁、建筑等工业的不断崛起,在给人们创造了更加富裕、方便、快捷的生活的同时,也对我国的能源、环境的可持续发展造成了严重的威胁。这些社会工业排放的大气污染物中,主要是工业用炉和垃圾焚烧排放的高温烟气和粉尘等腐蚀性化学物,如果不经过治理而直接排入大气中,会直接或间接影响到人们的呼吸系统、心血管系统、中枢神经系统、免疫系统等,并进而威胁到人体的生命安全。
除尘技术的主要目标是控制烟气颗粒物排放、减少大气污染。在各种燃煤设备中,燃煤锅炉设备占将近80%,因此燃煤锅炉烟气治理是减少污染的关键。针对以上问题,主要采取的有湿法除尘、电除尘、袋式除尘三种方法,其中袋式除尘器在除尘效率可达99%、使用费用、设备要求和性能等方面均优于湿法除尘和电除尘,将逐渐取代后两者而占据主流工业除尘器市场,而过滤材料时除尘器的关键,过滤材料的性能决定除尘器的优劣,因此要求滤料具有良好耐高温性能。
过滤,就是一种分离、收集分散于气体或液体中的颗粒状物质的过程。一般情况下,较大的颗粒的物质是靠过滤材料的筛分作用而分离过滤的,而粒径较小的物质是靠滤材的吸附捕集作用。目前,主要用于空气和气体过滤的材料主要是非织造针刺织物,这类过滤材料的纤维呈三维立体杂乱结构,空隙率大,过滤效率高、尺寸稳定性好。
玻璃纤维及其复合材料由于高强、耐腐蚀、耐高温、光滑憎水、尺寸稳定不变形,经过浸渍涂层处理后又提高其耐磨性,因此是一种理想的过滤材料。它与棉麻相比,更耐高温和耐腐蚀;与化学纤维相比,强度更高和尺寸更加稳定。尤其是耐高温、不着火、不燃烧,更是天然纤维、化学纤维无法比拟的,因此,在我国高温烟气过滤工业中,玻璃纤维过滤材料占据着主导的地位。
国内非织造工业过滤材料的发展趋势主要是在提高过滤效率的前提下,降低生产成本、提高强度和延长使用寿命。最常用的,玻璃纤维针刺毡是由单丝直径为4~6μm的无碱玻璃纤维短切丝毡层和基布,经针刺联结和化学粘合,使毡层与基布牢固结合在一起而构成的针刺毡高效过滤材料。由于毡层纤维随意取向,有三维立体空间结构,所以它有良好的透气性和很高的过滤效率。
公开号为204058868U的中国专利提供了一种玻璃纤维针刺毡,由纤维梳理、铺叠成的多层毡网构成,所述多层毡网之间间隔穿插有针刺形成的垂向短丝纤维,所述垂向短丝纤维与毡网各层纤维相互联结,其特征在于,所述多层毡网中的纤维为短切玻璃纤维,所述多层毡网中的纤维呈单纤维,具有三维微孔结构;所述短切玻璃纤维内含无数固定气穴。其有益效果在于不会燃烧、绝缘性高和吸湿率等优点。但是,此玻璃纤维针刺毡为玻璃纤维相互穿插、针刺组成,其结构稳定性较低,强度不高,应用范围受限。
公开号为102527158 A的中国专利提供了一种耐高温空气过滤材料,它包括基布层,基布层的至少一面附着有超细纤维无纺布层。其超细纤维无纺布层为静电纺丝法制备的聚四氟乙烯或聚苯硫醚超细纤维无纺布层。这种耐高温空气过滤材料具有优良的化学稳定性、热稳定性和过滤效率高等优点。但是,此高温空气过过滤材料的基布层和超细纤维无纺布层是通过热压的复合方式,其热压接触面结合力不强,整个结构强度较低,影响其工作效果。
公开号为103657251A的中国专利提供了一种高硅氧玻璃纤维复合耐高温过滤毡及其制备方法,包括下述步骤:将经纱玄武岩纱线和纬纱芳砜纶纱线相互垂直交织,制成基布;高硅氧玻璃纤维经气流成网或机械成网制成玻璃纤维层;基布上、下面铺网玻璃纤维层,初步预针刺;主针刺。其优点耐高温、耐化学性和阻燃的特性,适用于高温工作环境中过滤除尘。但是,其玻璃纤维没有经过前处理工艺,SiO2含量还是比较低,耐高温性能较差,强度不够,收缩率较高。
本发明在保证玻璃纤维强力不受损伤的情况下,对玻璃纤维进行酸处理和热烧结工艺,提高玻璃中的SiO2含量,降低其收缩率。通过梳理、成网和针刺工艺,将短切玻璃纤维束制备高硅氧玻璃纤维针刺毡,与基布复合,浸渍处理,固化定型,形成耐高温过滤毡。此过滤毡的耐高温耐腐蚀性能较好、过滤性能高、过滤阻力低、使用寿命长、应用广泛等特点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:提供一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法,通过此方法本所制备的过滤毡耐高温耐腐蚀性能较好、过滤阻力低和过滤效率高等优点。
一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤进行:
①酸处理工艺:玻璃纤维纱通过酸槽中的酸液沥滤,再经水洗,烘干炉烘干,最后每根纤维纱都卷绕在各自的滚筒上;所述的酸处理工艺参数:盐酸浓度为10~15%、酸液温度为100~120℃、沥滤时间为50~70min;
②热烧结工艺:将沥滤后的纤维进行烧结处理,使纤维内部充分脱水,微孔闭合;所述的热烧结工艺:烧结温度为650~750℃;
③切丝工艺:将玻璃纤维长丝切断后定量、开松,输到送棉机,送棉机定量的送入到梳理机;
④梳理成网:将纤维束开松为单根纤维,消除极短纤维与杂质,将薄层的纤维输送出;所述的玻璃纤维中SiO2含量≥97%,B2O3的含量≤2,Na2O的含量≤1,强度收缩率≤2.5%,细度为1.5~2.0dtex,长度为40~100mm,纤维直径为4~8μm;
⑤铺网成毡:将薄毡层不断的叠加,铺成预定的厚度;
⑥基布:基布层选自于玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维中的一种或几种相互交织组成;
⑦针刺制毡:基布上、下面铺网叠放上述高硅氧玻璃纤维层,针刺机对其进行针刺,制其纤维互相联结,成为一定强度的针刺毡。
⑧浸渍处理:将针刺毡放入浸渍乳液中浸润,提高其纤维束的粘合剂和涂覆性,使纤维表面光滑,增加柔韧性和耐磨性;所述的浸渍乳液,由下述重量百分比原料组成:10~20%聚四氟乙烯乳液、2~5%硅油、2~5%乙烯基三氯硅烷、1~4%丙三醇、0.5~1.5%硅烷偶联剂、余量为水;浸渍温度为80~100℃,时间为10~20min;
⑨固化成型:预烘、烘干和高温定型;所述的预烘温度为100~130℃,烘干温度为150~180℃,高温定型温度为220~250℃。
所述的耐高温过滤毡厚度5~10mm,密度为500~1000g/m2,透气性700~1200/m3(m2.h)-1,断裂强力≥1600/N。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下优点:
①玻璃纤维通过酸槽中的酸液沥滤,提高其SiO2含量,降低其收缩率。
②高硅氧玻璃纤维可长期在900℃环境下使用,可用于耐温绝热材料、高温气体收集,高温烟尘过滤等领域。
③高硅氧玻璃纤维针刺毡与基布组成耐高温过滤毡,具有耐高温、耐化学性、阻燃和过滤效率高等优点,可实现对PM2.5的有效过滤,在高温烟道和特殊气体热介质的过滤具有广泛的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法,其特征在于按照以下步骤进行:
①酸处理工艺:玻璃纤维纱通过酸槽中的酸液沥滤,再经水洗,烘干炉烘干,最后每根纤维纱都卷绕在各自的滚筒上;所述的酸处理工艺参数:盐酸浓度为12%、酸液温度为110℃、沥滤时间为60min;
②热烧结工艺:将沥滤后的纤维进行烧结处理,使纤维内部充分脱水,微孔闭合;所述的热烧结工艺:烧结温度为700℃;
③切丝工艺:将玻璃纤维长丝切断后定量、开松,输到送棉机,送棉机定量的送入到梳理机;
④梳理成网:将纤维束开松为单根纤维,消除极短纤维与杂质,将薄层的纤维输送出;所述的玻璃纤维中SiO2含量98%,B2O3的含量1%,Na2O的含量0.5%,强度收缩率2%,细度为1.7dtex,长度为60mm,纤维直径为6μm;
⑤铺网成毡:将薄毡层不断的叠加,铺成预定的厚度;
⑥基布:基布层选自于玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维中的一种或几种相互交织组成;
⑦针刺制毡:基布上、下面铺网叠放上述高硅氧玻璃纤维层,针刺机对其进行针刺,制其纤维互相联结,成为一定强度的针刺毡。
⑧浸渍处理:将针刺毡放入浸渍乳液中浸润,提高其纤维束的粘合剂和涂覆性,使纤维表面光滑,增加柔韧性和耐磨性;所述的浸渍乳液,由下述重量百分比原料组成:15%聚四氟乙烯乳液、4%硅油、3%乙烯基三氯硅烷、3%丙三醇、1.0%硅烷偶联剂、余量为水;浸渍温度为90℃,时间为15min;
⑨固化成型:预烘、烘干和高温定型;所述的预烘温度为120℃,烘干温度为165℃,高温定型温度为240℃。
所述的耐高温过滤毡厚度7mm,密度700g/m2,透气性1000/m3(m2.h)-1,断裂强力1800/N。
上述仅为本发明单个具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

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1.一种耐高温过滤毡制备方法,其特征在于所述的耐高温过滤毡厚度5~10mm,密度为500~1000g/m2,透气性700~1200/m3(m2.h)-1,断裂强力≥1600/N,该过滤毡制备方法按照以下步骤进行:
①酸处理工艺:玻璃纤维纱通过酸槽中的酸液沥滤,再经水洗,烘干炉烘干,最后每根纤维纱都卷绕在各自的滚筒上;所述的酸处理工艺参数:盐酸浓度为10~15%、酸液温度为100~120℃、沥滤时间为50~70min;
②热烧结工艺:将沥滤后的纤维进行烧结处理,使纤维内部充分脱水,微孔闭合;所述的热烧结工艺:烧结温度为650~750℃;
③切丝工艺:将玻璃纤维长丝切断后定量、开松,输到送棉机,送棉机定量的送入到梳理机;
④梳理成网:将纤维束开松为单根纤维,消除极短纤维与杂质,将薄层的纤维输送出;所述的玻璃纤维中SiO2含量≥97%,B2O3的含量≤2%,Na2O的含量≤1%,强度收缩率≤2.5%,细度为1.5~2.0dtex,长度为40~100mm,纤维直径为4~8μm;
⑤铺网成毡:将薄毡层不断的叠加,铺成预定的厚度;
⑥基布:基布层选自于玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维中的一种或几种相互交织组成;
⑦针刺制毡:基布上、下面铺网叠放上述高硅氧玻璃纤维层,针刺机对其进行针刺,使其纤维互相联结,成为一定强度的针刺毡;
⑧浸渍处理:将针刺毡放入浸渍乳液中浸润,提高其纤维束的粘合剂和涂覆性,使纤维表面光滑,增加柔韧性和耐磨性;所述的浸渍乳液,由下述重量百分比原料组成:10~20%聚四氟乙烯乳液、2~5%硅油、2~5%乙烯基三氯硅烷、1~4%丙三醇、0.5~1.5%硅烷偶联剂、余量为水;浸渍温度为80~100℃,时间为10~20min;
⑨固化成型:预烘、烘干和高温定型;所述的预烘温度为100~130℃,烘干温度为150~180℃,高温定型温度为220~250℃。
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