CN106422526B - 一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料及其制备方法。该过滤材料由五层对称复合结构构成,包括最外层的耐高温纤维非织造布、次外层的耐高温纤维机织布和中间层的超细玻纤非织造布。该过滤材料利用超细玻纤非织造布作为核心过滤层,耐高温纤维非织造布与耐高温纤维机织布的复合体作为超细玻纤非织造布的上下包覆层,然后经过超声波粘合或耐高温缝合线缝合加固,制得高温烟粉尘用过滤材料。该过滤材料可以实现长效低阻、高精度的过滤,大大降低了使用过程中的能耗以及原料成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非织造复合过滤材料,具体为一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
针对当前严峻的大气污染形势,国家积极推进大气污染治理工作,并多次提高重点行业烟(粉)尘排放标准。这些措施对我国大气污染防治虽然起到了一定的推动作用,但是未能从根本上解决PM2.5浓度超标的问题。原因是PM2.5颗粒是形成雾霾主要成分之一,也是最难去除的成分。目前,国内在钢铁、电力、水泥和垃圾焚烧等行业广泛使用的耐高温烟尘过滤用袋式除尘器在去除PM10以上颗粒物的过滤效率普遍达到99.9%以上,但是对PM2.5几乎达不到过滤。
目前,高温烟尘过滤用袋式除尘器主要采用耐高温针刺毡滤料,属于深层过滤,即依靠纤维以及截留在纤维滤料上的粉尘层进行分离,且广泛使用的耐高温纤维材料如聚苯硫醚、聚酰亚胺、聚四氟乙烯等,虽然耐高温,能持续使用,但是成本高昂,对高温粉尘的过滤精度不够,无法过滤粉尘中PM2.5成分。玻璃纤维滤料也是常用的高温滤料之一,广泛地应用于电力、冶金、垃圾焚烧等烟气治理系统中。玻纤滤料种类很多,普通玻纤脆性大,导致纯玻纤针刺滤料的柔韧性、可纺性差,加工困难。申请号201120458469.1公开了一种玻纤覆膜滤料,其是通过对玻纤针刺毡进行PTFE乳液浸渍处理后,再覆上多微孔的聚四氟乙烯薄膜,提高滤料的表面光滑性、憎水汽性、化学稳定性和强度、耐折性,但未能有效去除高温粉尘中PM2.5等微细颗粒物,即便能高效过滤,但存在着通量低、过滤阻力大(持续运行阻力一般为1200-1800Pa)、反冲洗频率高,原料成本及运行成本高等问题。而常温过滤用的超细纤维滤料,如:纺粘超细纤维、熔喷超细纤维、海岛超细纤维等,可以有效过滤PM2.5,且过滤阻力低,但其不耐高温,且容尘后不易清灰,无法应用于高温粉尘过滤。此外,目前滤袋缝合大多采用线缝合,有研究表明,其对滤袋的过滤性能有一定影响。因此,需要研发一种高过滤效率、低过滤阻力、耐高温且容尘后易清灰的过滤材料。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明拟解决的技术问题是,提供一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料及其制备方法。该过滤材料利用超细玻纤非织造布作为核心过滤层,耐高温纤维非织造布与耐高温纤维机织布的复合体作为超细玻纤非织造布的上下包覆层,然后经过超声波粘合或缝合线缝合加固,制得高温烟粉尘用过滤材料。
本发明解决所述过滤材料技术问题的技术方案是,提供一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料,其特征在于该过滤材料由五层对称复合结构构成,采用超声波粘合或缝合线缝合加固,包括最外层的耐高温纤维非织造布、次外层的耐高温纤维机织布和中间层的超细玻纤非织造布;
所述耐高温纤维非织造布是以耐高温有机纤维为原料,采用针刺或水刺工艺制备而成;所述耐高温纤维机织布是以耐高温纤维为原料,采用平纹机织工艺制备而成;所述超细玻纤非织造布是以超细玻璃纤维为原料,采用熔融纺丝直接成网或短纤湿法成网工艺制备而成。
本发明解决所述制备方法技术问题的技术方案是,提供一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)耐高温纤维非织造布的制备:将耐高温有机纤维经过开松、梳理形成单层纤网,单层纤网经过交叉铺网或折叠铺网,形成多层纤维网,由预针刺机初步加固得到耐高温纤维非织造布;
(2)耐高温纤维机织布的制备;将耐高温纤维经过纺纱、平纹机织工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布;
(3)超细玻纤非织造布的制备:将超细玻璃纤维采用熔融纺丝直接成网或短纤湿法成网工艺,得到超细玻纤非织造布;
(4)过滤材料的制备:将耐高温纤维机织布经过针刺、水刺、热粘合或化学粘合与耐高温纤维非织造布复合,然后经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布与耐高温纤维非织造布的复合体;将超细玻纤非织造布作为中间层,复合体中的耐高温纤维机织布与超细玻纤非织造布接触,采用超声波粘合或缝合线缝合将复合体包覆在超细玻纤非织造布的上表面和下表面,得到所述过滤材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果在于:
(1)本发明将耐高温纤维非织造布与超细玻纤非织造布结合,利用了传统耐高温纤维滤料的粗效过滤,弥补超细玻纤滤料虽然过滤效率高、运行阻力低但强度低的缺陷,形成了一种多维、多尺度的纤维结构过滤材料,可用于工业高温烟粉尘过滤,尤其是高温烟粉尘中PM2.5等微细颗粒物的高精度过滤,并且过滤阻力远低于目前的高效覆膜滤料等,可以实现长效低阻、高精度的过滤,大大降低了使用过程中的能耗以及原料成本。
(2)该过滤材料对高温烟粉尘中PM2.5的过滤效率可达99%以上,初始阻力≤120Pa,持续运行阻力低于500Pa。
(3)超声波粘合技术能使多层滤料结构紧密贴合,降低对滤料纤维网结构的破坏。
附图说明
图1是本发明高温烟粉尘用过滤材料一种实施例的结构示意图;(图中:1、耐高温纤维非织造布;2、超细玻纤非织造布;3、耐高温纤维机织布)
具体实施方式
下面给出本发明的具体实施例。具体实施例仅用于进一步详细说明本发明,不限制本申请权利要求的保护范围。
本发明提供了一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料(参见图1,简称过滤材料),由五层对称复合结构构成,采用超声波粘合或缝合线缝合加固,包括最外层的耐高温纤维非织造布1、次外层的耐高温纤维机织布3和中间层的超细玻纤非织造布2;
所述耐高温纤维非织造布1是以耐高温有机纤维为原料,采用针刺或水刺工艺制备而成,其克重为100-200g/m2;所述耐高温有机纤维是聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、Kermel纤维、芳纶纤维或芳砜纶纤维中的至少一种;
所述耐高温纤维机织布3是以耐高温纤维为原料,采用平纹机织工艺制备而成,其克重为100-200g/m2;所述耐高温纤维包括耐高温有机纤维和耐高温无机纤维;所述耐高温有机纤维是聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、Kermel纤维、芳纶纤维或芳砜纶纤维中的至少一种;所述耐高温无机纤维为玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维等;
所述超细玻纤非织造布2是以超细玻璃纤维为原料,采用熔融纺丝直接成网或短纤湿法成网工艺制备而成,其克重为150-200g/m2;所述超细玻璃纤维优选超细无碱玻璃纤维,纤维细度为0.5-10μm。
本发明同时提供了一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)耐高温纤维非织造布1的制备:将耐高温有机纤维经过开松、梳理形成单层纤网,单层纤网经过交叉铺网或折叠铺网,形成具有一定厚度的多层纤维网,由预针刺机初步加固得到耐高温纤维非织造布1;
(2)耐高温纤维机织布3的制备;将耐高温纤维经过纺纱、平纹机织工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布3;
(3)超细玻纤非织造布2的制备:将超细玻璃纤维采用熔融纺丝直接成网或短纤湿法成网工艺,得到超细玻纤非织造布2;
(4)过滤材料的制备:将耐高温纤维机织布3经过针刺、水刺、热粘合或化学粘合与耐高温纤维非织造布1复合,然后经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布3与耐高温纤维非织造布1的复合体;将超细玻纤非织造布2作为中间层,复合体中的耐高温纤维机织布3与超细玻纤非织造布2接触,采用超声波粘合或缝合线缝合将复合体包覆在超细玻纤非织造布2的上表面和下表面,得到所述过滤材料。
实施例1
该过滤材料为多层对称复合结构,即超细玻纤非织造布2作为核心过滤层,耐高温纤维非织造布1与耐高温纤维机织布3的复合体作为上下包覆层。所使用的耐高温有机纤维为聚苯硫醚纤维(PPS),首先经过开松、梳理形成单层纤网,单层纤网经过交叉铺网或折叠铺网,形成一定厚度的多层纤维网,由预针刺机初步加固得到耐高温纤维非织造布1。耐高温纤维为聚苯硫醚纤维(PPS),经过纺纱、平纹机织工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布3,并与耐高温纤维非织造布1通过主针刺加以复合,经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到复合体。超细玻纤非织造布2的成型技术为熔融纺丝直接成网,将原料在镍铬坩埚内熔化成高温玻璃液,经人工拉丝、排丝成直径为25-38μm的一次纤维(初级纤维),接着经炉头高温、高速气流的共同牵伸作用,形成直径为0.5-5μm的二次纤维,经过笼箱式收集器内,铺排成为无碱玻纤熔纺纤维网,即超细玻纤非织造布2。由复合体上下包覆超细玻纤非织造布2,经过超声波粘合或经过缝合线缝合制得过滤材料。
其中,耐高温纤维非织造布1的克重200g/m2,超细玻纤非织造布2的克重为150g/m2,耐高温纤维机织布3克重为200g/m2,所得过滤材料的克重为550/m2。
对比产品为耐高温针刺过滤毡,是由三层结构组成:上下层为聚苯硫醚纤维针刺布,中间层为聚酰亚胺纤维机织布,采用针刺工艺加以复合,再经过表面烧毛、轧光处理,得到对比产品。
所述本发明过滤材料和同等克重的对比产品的性能如下:
实施例2
该过滤材料为多层对称复合结构,即超细玻纤非织造布2作为核心过滤层,耐高温纤维非织造布1与耐高温纤维机织布3的复合体作为上下包覆层。所使用的耐高温有机纤维为聚酰亚胺纤维,首先经过开松、梳理形成单层纤网,单层纤网经过交叉铺网或折叠铺网,形成一定厚度的多层纤维网,由预针刺机初步加固得到耐高温纤维非织造布1。耐高温纤维为玄武岩纤维,经过纺纱、平纹机织工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布3,并与耐高温纤维非织造布1通过主针刺加以复合,经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到复合体。超细玻纤非织造布2的成型技术为湿法成型技术,将超细无碱玻璃纤维放置到水溶液内,并加入一定量的粘结剂配置成玻璃纤维悬浮液,并将分散均匀的玻璃纤维悬浮液在长网造纸机或圆网造纸机上制备无碱玻璃湿法纤维网9,即超细玻纤非织造布2。由复合体上下包覆超细玻纤非织造布2,经过超声波粘合或经过缝合线缝合制得过滤材料。
其中,耐高温纤维非织造布1的克重150g/m2,超细玻纤非织造布2的克重为150g/m2,耐高温纤维机织布3的克重为200g/m2,所得过滤材料的克重为500/m2。
对比产品为耐高温针刺过滤毡,是由三层结构组成:上下层为聚酰亚胺纤维针刺布,中间层为玄武岩纤维机织布,采用针刺工艺加以复合,在经过表面烧毛、轧光处理,得到对比产品。
所述本发明过滤材料和同等克重的对比产品的性能如下:
实施例3
该过滤材料为多层对称复合结构,即超细玻纤非织造布2作为核心过滤层,耐高温纤维非织造布1与耐高温纤维机织布3的复合体作为上下包覆层。所使用的耐高温有机纤维为聚苯硫醚纤维(PPS),首先经过开松、梳理形成单层纤网,单层纤网经过交叉铺网或折叠铺网,形成一定厚度的多层纤维网,由预针刺机初步加固得到耐高温纤维非织造布1。耐高温纤维为聚酰亚胺纤维,经过纺纱、平纹机织工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布3,并与耐高温纤维非织造布1通过主针刺加以复合,经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到复合体。超细玻纤非织造布2的成型技术为湿法成型技术,将超细无碱玻璃纤维放置到水溶液内,并加入一定量的粘结剂配置成玻璃纤维悬浮液,并将分散均匀的玻璃纤维悬浮液在长网造纸机或圆网造纸机上制备无碱玻璃湿法纤维网9,即超细玻纤非织造布2。由复合体上下包覆超细玻纤非织造布2,经过超声波粘合或经过缝合线缝合制得过滤材料。
其中,耐高温纤维非织造布1的克重220g/m2,超细玻纤非织造布2的克重为180g/m2,耐高温纤维机织布3的克重为200g/m2,所得过滤材料的克重为600/m2。
对比产品为耐高温针刺过滤毡,是由三层结构组成:上下层为聚苯硫醚纤维针刺布,中间层为聚酰亚胺纤维机织布,采用针刺工艺加以复合,在经过表面烧毛、轧光处理,得到对比产品。
所述本发明过滤材料和同等克重的对比产品的性能如下:
实施例4
该过滤材料为多层对称复合结构,即超细玻纤非织造布2作为核心过滤层,耐高温纤维非织造布1与耐高温纤维机织布3的复合体作为上下包覆层。所使用的耐高温有机纤维为聚酰亚胺纤维,首先经过开松、梳理形成单层纤网,单层纤网经过交叉铺网或折叠铺网,形成一定厚度的多层纤维网,由预针刺机初步加固得到耐高温纤维非织造布1。耐高温纤维为聚酰亚胺纤维,经过纺纱、平纹机织工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布3,并与耐高温纤维非织造布1通过主针刺加以复合,经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到复合体。超细玻纤非织造布2的成型技术为湿法成型技术,将超细无碱玻璃纤维放置到水溶液内,并加入一定量的粘结剂配置成玻璃纤维悬浮液,并将分散均匀的玻璃纤维悬浮液在长网造纸机或圆网造纸机上制备无碱玻璃湿法纤维网9,即超细玻纤非织造布2。由复合体上下包覆超细玻纤非织造布2,经过超声波粘合或经过缝合线缝合制得过滤材料。
其中,耐高温纤维非织造布1的克重150g/m2,超细玻纤非织造布2的克重为150g/m2,耐高温纤维机织布3的克重为200g/m2,所得过滤材料的克重为500/m2。
对比产品为耐高温覆膜过滤毡,是将三层结构(上下层为聚酰亚胺纤维针刺布,中间层为玻璃纤维机织布)通过针刺工艺加以复合,再经过表面烧毛、轧光处理,并覆上PTFE膜,得到对比产品。
所述本发明过滤材料和同等克重的对比产品的性能如下:
本发明未述及之处适用于现有技术。
Claims (3)
1.一种高温烟粉尘用过滤材料,其特征在于该过滤材料由五层对称复合结构构成,包括最外层的耐高温纤维非织造布、次外层的耐高温纤维机织布和中间层的超细玻纤非织造布;将耐高温纤维机织布经过针刺、水刺、热粘合或化学粘合与耐高温纤维非织造布复合,然后经过烧毛、轧光工艺得到耐高温纤维机织布与耐高温纤维非织造布的复合体;将超细玻纤非织造布作为中间层,复合体中的耐高温纤维机织布与超细玻纤非织造布接触,采用超声波粘合加固将复合体包覆在超细玻纤非织造布的上表面和下表面,得到所述过滤材料;
所述耐高温纤维非织造布是以耐高温有机纤维为原料,采用针刺或水刺工艺制备而成,其克重为100-200g/m2;
所述耐高温纤维机织布是以耐高温纤维为原料,采用平纹机织工艺制备而成,其克重为100-200g/m2;
所述超细玻纤非织造布是以超细无碱玻璃纤维为原料,采用熔融纺丝直接成网或短纤湿法成网工艺制备而成,其克重为150-200g/m2;
所述熔融纺丝直接成网是将原料在坩埚内熔化成高温玻璃液,经人工拉丝、排丝成直径为25-38μm的一次纤维,接着经炉头高温、高速气流的共同牵伸作用,形成直径为0.5-5μm的二次纤维,经过笼箱式收集器内,铺排成为无碱玻纤熔纺纤维网;
所述短纤湿法成网是将超细无碱玻璃纤维放置到水溶液内,并加入粘结剂配置成玻璃纤维悬浮液,并将分散均匀的玻璃纤维悬浮液在长网造纸机或圆网造纸机上制备无碱玻璃湿法纤维网。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高温烟粉尘用过滤材料,其特征在于所述耐高温有机纤维是聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、Kermel纤维、芳纶纤维或芳砜纶纤维中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高温烟粉尘用过滤材料,其特征在于所述耐高温纤维是聚苯硫醚纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚四氟乙烯纤维、Kermel纤维、芳纶纤维、芳砜纶纤维、玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维中的至少一种。
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