CN109401818B - 一种舰船防护用润滑脂组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种舰船防护用润滑脂组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种舰船防护用润滑脂组合物及其制备方法;包括复合铝皂稠化剂的含量为9~12%;基础油的含量为88~79%;添加剂的含量为3.0~9.0%:包括抗氧剂0.5~1.0%,极压抗磨剂1~4.5%,防锈剂1.5~3.5%。稠化剂包括:C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸、苯甲酸、异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体,在制备工艺中反应制得。满足含盐的高湿度环境中各类水面和水下舰艇的防护和润滑。本发明具体的性能数据如下:45号钢片50天的盐雾试验结果为A级,铜片腐蚀和轴承防锈(防腐蚀性)均合格;滴点大于260℃,‑20℃相似粘度小于700Pa·s;抗磨性能磨痕直径小于0.6;氧化安定性压力降低于0.03MPa。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于润滑脂技术领域,特别涉及一种采用复合铝皂为稠化剂制备的具有突出防护性能的适用于水面和水下舰艇使用的润滑脂组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
各类水面和水下的舰艇由于长期在大海中航行,其许多活动部件经常处于含盐的高湿度环境中,很容易锈蚀影响设备的活动功能或产生其他不良后果。因此,舰船防护用润滑脂要求具备良好的抗海水性、防腐蚀性。由于舰艇航行范围广,还要求防护润滑脂具有优良的高低温性。目前,我国舰艇所用的防护脂有舰用脂1号和3号(分析数据见表1),防护性能一般,且耐高温性和低温泵送性均较差,冬天存在加脂困难的问题,夏天存在高温下流失问题。为此,开发一种防护性能突出且高低温性能优良的舰船防护用润滑脂势在必行。CN101117604提到一种润滑脂组合物可用于舰船上,但是其成分是由复合铝基脂与复合磺酸钙基脂混合而成,且其未考察盐雾方面的性能,低温性能方面只做的0℃相似粘度。未见到其他专用于舰船防护用的润滑脂专利。
表1现有舰用脂分析数据
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的具有突出防护性能、优良的耐高低温性和氧化安定性、良好的抗磨性等高性能的舰船用防护润滑脂的配方和制备方法。本发明通过大量试验筛选配方和工艺制得一种新的润滑脂组合物,满足含盐的高湿度环境中水面和水下舰船的相关部位的防护润滑场合的使用要求。
本发明的技术如下:
一种舰船防护用润滑脂组合物,其组分和质量百分含量如下:
(1)复合铝皂稠化剂的含量为9~12%;
(2)基础油的含量为88~79%;
(3)添加剂的含量为3.0~9.0%:包括抗氧剂0.5~1.0%,极压抗磨剂1~4.5%,防锈剂1.5~3.5%。
所述复合铝皂稠化剂包括:C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸、苯甲酸、异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体,在制备工艺中反应制得。
所述C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸是指十六烷酸和十八烷酸等。
所述稠化剂中苯甲酸与脂肪酸的摩尔比为0.7~1.0∶1.0。
所述稠化剂中苯甲酸和脂肪酸的总摩尔数与异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体中铝摩尔数之比为1.7~2.0∶1.0。
所述基础油为矿物油和合成油的混合物,合成油可以是烯烃合成油、聚醚和聚酯等之中的一种或多种,矿物油和合成油的质量比是0.6~1.5∶1.0,混合物的100℃的运动粘度为10~40mm2/s。
所述抗氧剂为胺类抗氧剂,如二苯胺或烷基二苯胺等。
所述极压抗磨剂包括硫磷锌类、磷酸酯类和氨基硫代酯类,任选两种或两种以上,但每一类只能选一种;硫磷锌类如二烷基二硫代磷酸锌等,添加量为0.5~1.5%;磷酸酯类如硫代磷酸三苯酯或磷酸三甲酚酯等,添加量为0.5~1.5%;氨基硫代酯类如烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯等,添加量为0.5~1.5%。
所述防锈剂包括磺酸盐、长链有机羧酸、酯类和硫、氮杂环类,其中磺酸盐防锈剂如磺酸镁盐和磺酸钡盐等,添加量为0.7~1.5%;长链有机羧酸防锈剂如十二烯基丁二酸和十六烯基丁二酸等,添加量为0.3~1.0%;酯类防锈剂如山梨糖醇单油酸酯等,添加量为0.47~0.92%;硫、氮杂环类防锈剂如赛二唑多硫化物和苯骈三氮唑等,添加量为0.03~0.08%。
本发明的舰船防护用润滑脂的制备方法如下:
(1)基础脂制备:反应釜内加入72~92%的基础油,随后加入C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸与苯甲酸,搅拌升温至75~100℃,再加入异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体,在80~105℃皂化反应30~60min,然后升温至110~140℃复合反应60~120min,使用异丙醇铝单体时需加水进行复合反应,加水量为异丙醇铝摩尔量的1~1.5倍,最后升温至最高炼制温度190~210℃,恒温30~50min;
(2)加剂及后处理:将(1)步所得的基础脂降温并加入抗氧剂和剩余基础油,温度降至80℃以下后加入极压抗磨剂和防锈剂,然后通过三辊机进行均化即得最终产品。
本发明的效果和优点说明如下:
本发明通过筛选合适的配方和工艺,采用复合铝皂稠化剂稠化混配基础油并加有抗氧剂、极压抗磨剂和防锈剂等,研制一种具有突出防护性能且兼具良好的耐高低温性、抗磨性和抗氧性的舰船防护用润滑脂组合物,满足含盐的高湿度环境中各类水面和水下舰艇的防护和润滑。本发明具体的性能数据如下:45号钢片50天的盐雾试验结果为A级,铜片腐蚀和轴承防锈(防腐蚀性)均合格;滴点大于260℃,-20℃相似粘度小于700Pa·s;抗磨性能磨痕直径小于0.6;氧化安定性压力降低于0.03MPa。
具体实施方式
本发明的效果通过下面的实施例进一步说明。但应明白,下面的实施例不是限制本发明的范围,任何不超出本发明构思和范围的改动,都在本发明的范围之内。
实施例1:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂9%(苯甲酸与十八烷酸摩尔比为0.7:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为1.7:1,铝源为异丙醇铝三聚体),基础油88%(矿物油和合成油质量比为0.6:1,合成油为烯烃合成油,前部加92%的油),抗氧剂二苯胺0.5%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌0.5%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯0.5%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸镁0.7%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十二烯基丁二酸0.3%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.47%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂苯骈三氮唑0.03%。
①反应釜内加入330g矿物油和480g烯烃合成油,随后加入63.1g十八烷酸和19.0g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至75~80℃,再加入异丙醇铝三聚体22.6g,在80~85℃皂化反应60min,然后升温至110~115℃复合反应120min,最后升温至最高炼制温度190~195℃,恒温50min。②将上述物料加入70g烯烃合成油进行降温,并在降温过程中加入二苯胺5g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌5g,磷酸三甲酚酯5g,磺酸镁7g,十二烯基丁二酸3g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯4.7g,苯骈三氮唑0.3g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例2:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂12%(苯甲酸与十八烷酸摩尔比为1:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为2:1,铝源为异丙醇铝三聚体),基础油79%(矿物油和合成油质量比为1.5:1,合成油为烯烃合成油和聚醚,前部加72%的油),抗氧剂烷基二苯胺1.0%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌1.5%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂硫代磷酸三苯酯1.5%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯1.5%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸钡1.5%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十六烯基丁二酸1.0%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.92%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂赛二唑多硫化物0.08%。
①反应釜内加入474g矿物油和100g聚醚,随后加入76.1g十八烷酸和32.7g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至85~90℃,再加入异丙醇铝三聚体27.3g,在90~95℃皂化反应45min,然后升温至120~125℃复合反应90min,最后升温至最高炼制温度200~205℃,恒温40min。
②将上述物料加入216g烯烃合成油进行降温,并在降温过程中加入烷基二苯胺10g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌15g,硫代磷酸三苯酯15g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯15g,磺酸钡15g,十六烯基丁二酸10g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯9.2g,赛二唑多硫化物0.8g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例3:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂10%(苯甲酸与十八烷酸摩尔比为0.8:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为1.9:1,铝源为异丙醇铝单体,加水量为1.0倍),基础油84.45%(矿物油和合成油质量比为0.8:1,合成油为烯烃合成油、聚醚和聚酯,前部加82%的油),抗氧剂二苯胺0.7%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯1.3%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯1.4%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸镁0.9%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十二烯基丁二酸0.6%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.6%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂苯骈三氮唑0.05%。
①反应釜内加入375.3g矿物油、119.2g烯烃合成油、100g聚醚和100g聚酯,随后加入67.7g十八烷酸和23.3g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至95~100℃,再加入异丙醇铝单体46.0g,在100~105℃皂化反应30min,然后升温至135~140℃加水4g复合反应60min,最后升温至最高炼制温度205~210℃,恒温30min。②将上述物料加入150g烯烃合成油进行降温,并在降温过程中加入二苯胺7g,温度降至80℃以下后加入磷酸三甲酚酯13g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯14g,磺酸镁9g,十二烯基丁二酸6g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯6g,苯骈三氮唑0.5g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例4:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂11%(苯甲酸与十八烷酸摩尔比为0.9:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为1.8:1,铝源为异丙醇铝三聚体),基础油81.73%(矿物油和合成油质量比为1.3:1,合成油为聚醚和聚酯,前部加88%的油),抗氧剂烷基二苯胺0.8%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌1.2%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂硫代磷酸三苯酯1.2%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯1.2%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸钡1.2%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十六烯基丁二酸0.8%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.8%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂赛二唑多硫化物0.07%。
①反应釜内加入462g矿物油、100g聚醚和155.3g聚酯,随后加入72.1g十八烷酸和27.8g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至75~80℃,再加入异丙醇铝三聚体27.3g,在80~85℃皂化反应60min,然后升温至110~115℃复合反应120min,最后升温至最高炼制温度190~195℃,恒温50min。②将上述物料加入100g聚醚进行降温,并在降温过程中加入烷基二苯胺8g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌12g,硫代磷酸三苯酯12g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯12g,磺酸钡12g,十六烯基丁二酸8g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯8g,赛二唑多硫化物0.7g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例5:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂9%(苯甲酸与十六烷酸摩尔比为0.7:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为1.7:1,铝源为异丙醇铝单体,加水量为1.5倍),基础油88%(矿物油和合成油质量比为0.6:1,合成油为聚醚,前部加92%的油),抗氧剂二苯胺0.5%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌0.5%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯0.5%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸钡0.7%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十二烯基丁二酸0.3%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.47%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂赛二唑多硫化物0.03%。
①反应釜内加入330g矿物油和480g聚醚,随后加入61.1g十六烷酸和20.4g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至85~90℃,再加入异丙醇铝单体48.6g,在90~95℃皂化反应45min,然后升温至120~125℃加水6.4g复合反应90min,最后升温至最高炼制温度200~205℃,恒温40min。②将上述物料加入70g聚醚进行降温,并在降温过程中加入二苯胺5g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌5g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯5g,磺酸钡7g,十二烯基丁二酸3g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯4.7g,赛二唑多硫化物0.3g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例6:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂12%(苯甲酸与十六烷酸摩尔比为1:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为2:1,铝源为异丙醇铝单体,加水量为1.2倍),基础油79%(矿物油和合成油质量比为1.5:1,合成油为烯烃合成油、聚醚和聚酯,前部加72%的油),抗氧剂烷基二苯胺1.0%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌1.5%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯1.5%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯1.5%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸镁1.5%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十六烯基丁二酸1.0%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.92%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂苯骈三氮唑0.08%。
①反应釜内加入474g矿物油和100g聚醚,随后加入73.2g十六烷酸和34.8g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至95~100℃,再加入异丙醇铝单体58.2g,在100~105℃皂化反应30min,然后升温至135~140℃加水6.2g复合反应60min,最后升温至最高炼制温度205~210℃,恒温30min。②将上述物料加入100g聚酯和116g烯烃合成油进行降温,并在降温过程中加入烷基二苯胺10g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌15g,磷酸三甲酚酯15g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯15g,磺酸镁15g,十六烯基丁二酸10g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯9.2g,苯骈三氮唑0.8g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例7:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂10%(苯甲酸与十六烷酸摩尔比为0.8:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为1.9:1,铝源为异丙醇铝三聚体),基础油84.45%(矿物油和合成油质量比为0.8:1,合成油为聚酯,前部加82%的油),抗氧剂二苯胺0.7%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌0.9%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂硫代磷酸三苯酯0.9%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯0.9%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸钡0.9%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十二烯基丁二酸0.6%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.6%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂赛二唑多硫化物0.05%。
①反应釜内加入375.3g矿物油和319.2g聚酯,随后加入65.4g十六烷酸和24.9g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至75~80℃,再加入异丙醇铝三聚体24.7g,在80~85℃皂化反应60min,然后升温至110~115℃复合反应120min,最后升温至最高炼制温度190~195℃,恒温50min。②将上述物料加入150g聚酯进行降温,并在降温过程中加入二苯胺7g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌9g,硫代磷酸三苯酯9g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯9g,磺酸钡9g,十二烯基丁二酸6g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯6g,赛二唑多硫化物0.5g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例8:
润滑脂质量百分比组成为:复合铝皂稠化剂11%(苯甲酸与十六烷酸摩尔比为0.9:1,总酸与铝的摩尔比为1.8:1,铝源为异丙醇铝单体,加水量为1.4倍),基础油81.73%(矿物油和合成油质量比为1.3:1,合成油为烯烃合成油和聚酯,前部加88%的油),抗氧剂烷基二苯胺0.8%,硫磷锌类极压抗磨剂二烷基二硫代磷酸锌1.2%,磷酸酯类极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯1.2%,氨基硫代酯类极压抗磨剂烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯1.2%,磺酸盐防锈剂磺酸镁1.2%,长链有机羧酸防锈剂十六烯基丁二酸0.8%,酯类防锈剂山梨糖醇单油酸酯0.8%,硫、氮杂环类防锈剂苯骈三氮唑0.07%。
①应釜内加入462g矿物油、100g烯烃合成油和155.3g聚酯,随后加入69.4g十六烷酸和29.8g苯甲酸,搅拌加热至85~90℃,再加入异丙醇铝单体58.4g,在90~95℃皂化反应45min,然后升温至120~125℃加水7.2g复合反应90min,最后升温至最高炼制温度200~205℃,恒温40min。②将上述物料加入100g烯烃合成油进行降温,并在降温过程中加入烷基二苯胺8g,温度降至80℃以下后加入二烷基二硫代磷酸锌12g,磷酸三甲酚酯12g,烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯12g,磺酸镁12g,十六烯基丁二酸8g,山梨糖醇单油酸酯8g,苯骈三氮唑0.7g,然后通过三辊机等进行均化即得最终产品。所制得的润滑脂性能列于表2。
实施例分析检验结果及原有舰用防护脂的数据如表2所示。
表2实施例1~8所得润滑脂性能评定结果及原有舰用脂数据
由上表可知,本发明的润滑脂组合物的滴点大于260℃,远超过原有舰用脂的滴点,-20℃的相似粘度比原有舰用脂小,说明本发明的舰船防护用润滑脂组合物具有更好的耐高低温性;铜片腐蚀合格,盐雾试验50天无锈蚀,而原有舰用脂盐雾试验50天后出现少量锈蚀,说明本发明的舰船防护用润滑脂组合物具有优良的防护性能;氧化安定性和抗磨性能数据均小于原有舰用脂,说明本发明的舰船防护用润滑脂组合物具有优良的抗磨性能和氧化安定性能。因此,本发明采用复合铝皂为稠化剂并加入相应添加剂制得的舰船防护用润滑脂组合物,具有突出的防护性能、优良的耐高低温性和抗磨性等,可满足含盐的高湿度环境中水面和水下舰船的相关部位防护润滑场合的使用要求。
Claims (1)
1.一种舰船防护用润滑脂组合物,其组分和质量百分含量如下:
(1)复合铝皂稠化剂的含量为9~12%;
(2)基础油的含量为88~79%;
(3)添加剂的含量为3.0~9.0%,包括抗氧剂0.5~1.0%,极压抗磨剂1~4.5%,防锈剂1.5~3.5%;
所述复合铝皂稠化剂由C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸与苯甲酸和异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体反应制得,C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸是指碳数为16-18的直链饱和脂肪酸;
所述基础油为矿物油和合成油的混合物,合成油是烯烃合成油、聚醚或聚酯中的一种或多种,矿物油和合成油的质量比是0.6~1.5:1.0,混合物的100℃的运动粘度为10~40mm2/s;
所述防锈剂包括磺酸盐、长链有机羧酸、酯类和硫、氮杂环类,其中磺酸盐防锈剂添加量为0.7~1.5%;长链有机羧酸防锈剂添加量为0.3~1.0%;酯类防锈剂添加量为0.47~0.92%;硫、氮杂环类防锈剂添加量为0.03~0.08%;其中,磺酸盐防锈剂为磺酸镁盐或磺酸钡盐;长链有机羧酸防锈剂为十二烯基丁二酸或十六烯基丁二酸;酯类防锈剂为山梨糖醇单油酸酯;硫、氮杂环类防锈剂为噻 二唑多硫化物或苯骈三氮唑;
所述抗氧剂为胺类抗氧剂,包括二苯胺或烷基二苯胺;
所述极压抗磨剂包括硫磷锌类、磷酸酯类和氨基硫代酯类的任选两种或两种以上;每一类只能是一种;其中,硫磷锌类为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,添加量为0.5~1.5%;磷酸酯类为硫代磷酸三苯酯和磷酸三甲酚酯,添加量为0.5~1.5%;氨基硫代酯类为烷基二硫代氨基甲酸酯,添加量为0.5~1.5%;
所述润滑脂组合物的制备方法:在反应釜内加入72~92%的基础油,随后加入C16~C18直链饱和脂肪酸与苯甲酸,搅拌升温至75~100℃,再加入异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体,在80~105℃皂化反应30~60min,然后升温至110~140℃复合反应60~120min;使用异丙醇铝单体时需加水进行复合反应,加水量为异丙醇铝摩尔量的1~1.5倍;最后升温至最高炼制温度190~210℃,恒温30~50min;然后将上述物料降温并加入抗氧剂和剩余基础油,温度降至80℃以下后加入极压抗磨剂和防锈剂,然后通过三辊机进行均化即得最终产品;
其中,苯甲酸与脂肪酸的摩尔比为0.7~1.0∶1.0;苯甲酸和脂肪酸的总摩尔数与异丙醇铝三聚体或异丙醇铝单体中铝摩尔数之比为1.7~2.0∶1.0。
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