CN109400409A - A kind of method and device thereof of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock - Google Patents
A kind of method and device thereof of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F17/989—Flow sheets for biological or biochemical treatment
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
It gives up the method and device thereof of fruit harmless treatment the present invention relates to a kind of sweet shaddock, the method is to convert soil conditioner for sweet shaddock fruit of giving up by means such as broken, squeezing, fermentation, pyrolysis and microelement loads.The present invention also provides devices, including squeezer, installation for fermenting, modifying device, mixing arrangement, pyrolysis installation of sweet shaddock harmless treatment etc..The present invention has the advantages that can utmostly realize that effective element recycles in useless shaddock fruit, moreover, the charcoal after load microelement can effectively improve sweet shaddock planting soil, it is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improving quality.The abundant body clean and environmental protection theory of the present invention realizes the useless fruit harmless treatment of sweet shaddock and 100% resource utilization, with good economic efficiency and environmental benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilization of waste as resource field, especially a kind of sweet shaddock give up fruit harmless treatment method and its
Device.
Background technique
In recent years due to industry restructuring, the rapid development of fruits and vegetables intensive cropping, fruit/vegetable waste it is big
Amount generates and enrichment has been constituted and seriously threatened to farmland, water body, fruits and vegetables dispatching market and other living environments, becomes one
The very important pollution sources of kind.Sweet shaddock is good with the big color deliciousness of fruit, and thin skin meat tenderness juice is more, the tasty and refreshing slugging of sweet tea acid, and the no resistance to storage of seed is of fine quality
And it is well-known be known as the laudatory title of " natural fruit can " at home and abroad, have adjust human metabolism the effect of, have decompression it is comfortable,
Eliminating the phlegm moistening lung helps digestion and sobers up, fall fire diuresis and other effects.But unavoidably there is sweet shaddock with sales process in the plantation of sweet shaddock
The processing problem of useless fruit.By taking Pinghe County as an example, full Xian Guanxi small stream honey shaddock planting scale reaches 650,000 mu, and the useless annual yield of shaddock fruit reaches
It more than 10 ten thousand tons, has constituted and farmland, water body, fruits and vegetables dispatching market and other living environments has been seriously threatened, become a kind of
Very important pollution sources.Moreover, shaddock quality is continuing to decline in recent years, part growing area occurred because of shaddock " lignifying "
Sell it is bad, largely abandon rotten phenomenon, cause very big economic loss to orchard worker.
Currently, handling for fruit/vegetable waste has had some researchs and application with application.Chinese invention patent application
CN107867944A discloses a kind of guava special fertilizer and preparation method thereof, by with useless pomace and wet cow dung, Methane fermented sludge,
It combines after the fermentation such as vinasse, stalk, Chinese medicine slag, manioc waste, addition pond sludge, plant ash, pulverized limestone spray dilute after mixing
It releases vinegar liquid and guava special fertilizer is made, have effects that improve soil, improve quality, increase production disease-resistant, compound nutritional.Middle promulgated by the State Council
Bright patent CN105038262B provides a kind of environment-friendly type regeneration softening agent, and raw material are the discarded dregs of fat and discarded pericarp
(shell) etc., by being mixed after a small amount of chemical assistant is added, heating distillation, the dregs of fat and fatty acid in pericarp (shell),
Esterification occurs for fatty alcohol, organic phenol etc., and environmental friendly regenerated softening agent, which is made, can be used for rubber production.Chinese invention patent
, pomace CN102322729B provides a kind for the treatment of process and equipment for dehydrating and drying fruit residues, comprising the following steps: (1)
It neutralizes, loose handling；(2), the dehydration of pomace；(3), the drying process of pomace；By the useless fruit after extraction fruit juice and pectin
After slag carries out dehydration and drying processing, become the valuable resource such as raw material of processing animals feed and biomass fuel, change give up into
Treasured not only solves the problems, such as pollution environment, but also has saved the energy, reduces costs simultaneously.Chinese invention patent application
CN105815548A is related to a kind of method using shedding apple processing pig pellet, after the sorting of shedding apple is handled
Rotten fruit is removed, or part rotten fruit is removed cleaning, and dry the clover of harvest after being beaten for use and does, is broken into
The grass meal of 8~15 mesh is stand-by；Crush maize is stand-by at the corn flour of 10~22 mesh；With 42~56% shedding apple pulp, 20
~30% grass meal, 15~25% wheat bran, 15~25% corn flour are mixed evenly；With full mould granulator addition
Pig pellet, by the carbohydrate and pectin in apple shedding containing 15%, vitamin A, C, E and potassium and antioxidant
Equal size resource abundant is fully used.Chinese invention patent application CN102392062A is related to a kind of using rot fruit
The method for preparing bacteria cellulose for raw material, comprising: (1) after squeezing rot fruit, collect juice, be configured to pure water
Total sugar content is the fruit juice liquid of 2.5~5wt%, is then sterilized, using film filtration sterilization, the fruit juice liquid that obtains that treated；(2) exist
Access bacteria cellulose production bacterial strain in treated fruit juice liquid, stationary culture at a temperature of 20~30 DEG C, or 20
~30 DEG C, dynamic cultivation under 50~400rpm revolving speed, through 5~20 days obtained bacteria celluloses；Preparation method is simple, and raw material is cheap
It is easy to get, it is at low cost, it is suitble to large-scale production.
It is overall apparently, handled at present for fruit/vegetable waste it is relative complex with technique for applying, using there is stronger limitation,
A kind of technique suitable for fruit cannot apply to other fruit, and the association of characteristics degree of technique and fruit is big.By taking sweet shaddock as an example, honey
The useless fruit surface of shaddock is coated with plastic foil, and existing useless fruit composting process can not separate and handle the useless fruit surface plastic materials coating of sweet shaddock,
On the other hand, sweet shaddock is given up, and fruit epidermis is thick and solid, fiber enrichment, it is difficult to have using the method for low cost by chemical assistant effect extraction
The element of value, therefore, sweet shaddock is given up, and fruit processing difficulty is big, and there has been no the phases that the useless fruit recycling of sweet shaddock is back to sweet shaddock plantation at present
Close technical report.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome the useless fruit accumulation of existing sweet shaddock difficult, environment, recycling treatment skill are polluted
The problem of art and device lack, a kind of method of useless fruit harmless treatment of sweet shaddock is provided, this method utmostly realizes that sweet shaddock is useless
Fruit effective element recycles.
The soil conditioner and application thereof that the present invention also protects the useless fruit harmless treatment of sweet shaddock to obtain, improves soil physical chemistry
While property, it is also used as the sustained release agent of fertilizer, there is good meaning particularly with the plantation of sweet shaddock.
The last present invention also protects the useless fruit harmless treatment device of sweet shaddock.
Concrete scheme is as follows:
A kind of method of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock, comprising the following steps:
(1) sweet shaddock fruit of giving up is crushed, is then squeezed, realize and be separated by solid-liquid separation, obtain after separation of solid and liquid liquid phase and
Solid phase pomace；
(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid is subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, obtains fermentation liquid；
(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are crushed, then mix, dries, Non-oxygen pyrolytic with the solid phase pomace, most afterwards through cooling
After obtain charcoal；
(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, quenched mixed liquor is prepared, then inhaled using the charcoal
After the attached quenched mixed liquor, soil conditioner is obtained.
Further, the broken particle size range control of step (1) the sweet useless fruit of shaddock is < 3cm.
Further, the temperature of step (2) described fermentation is 25 DEG C~37 DEG C, and the time is for 24 hours~72h.
Further, step (3) drying is contact drying, and drying temperature control is 80 DEG C -120 DEG C；
Optional, step (3) honey shaddock branches and leaves particle size after cracking is < 1cm, and mixture moisture control is < 5 weights after drying
Measure %；
Optional, the temperature of step (3) described Non-oxygen pyrolytic is 400 DEG C -600 DEG C, time 15min-60min.
Optional, it is used as Non-oxygen pyrolytic self energy after the biological flue gas burning that Non-oxygen pyrolytic generates in step (3), realizes
Energy confession；
Optional, the flue gas generated after Non-oxygen pyrolytic burning in step (3) is for energy dry described in step (3)
Source；
Optional, the additive amount of honey shaddock branches and leaves described in step (3) is the 5~50% of the solid phase pomace gross weight.
Further, microelement described in step (4) be phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum,
At least one of selenium, the microelement adding proportion are the 0.01%-0.1% of the fermentation liquid gross weight.
The soil conditioner that the method that the present invention also protects the useless fruit harmless treatment of the sweet shaddock is handled.
The present invention also protects the purposes of the soil conditioner, for improveing soil in the plantation of sweet shaddock.
Further, the soil conditioner is used for sweet shaddock planting soil, improves soil acidification, is retained loam, promotes honey
Shaddock increasing both production and income improves sweet shaddock lignifying, improves sweet shaddock quality.
The present invention also protects the device of the method for the useless fruit harmless treatment of the sweet shaddock, the useless fruit harmless treatment dress of sweet shaddock
It sets including 1# crusher (1), squeezer (2), 1# conveying device (3), 2# conveying device (4), installation for fermenting (5), 3# conveying dress
(6) are set, microelement warehouse (7), 1# dosing device (8), modifying device (9), 2# dosing device (10), adsorbs and bears
It carries and sets (11), 2# crusher (12), 4# conveying device (13), mixing arrangement (14), 5# conveying device (15), drying device
(16), pyrolysis installation (17), cooling device (18) and 6# conveying device (19)；
Wherein, 1# crusher (1) outlet is connected with squeezer (2) entrance；Squeezer (2) solid-phase outlet and 1# conveying device
(3) entrance is connected；Squeezer (2) liquid-phase outlet is connected with 2# conveying device (4) entrance；2# conveying device (4) outlet and fermentation
Device (5) entrance is connected；Installation for fermenting (5) outlet is connected with 3# conveying device (6) entrance；3# conveying device (6) outlet and tune
Matter device (9) entrance is connected；Microelement warehouse (7) outlet is connected with 1# dosing device (8) entrance；1# dosing dress
(8) outlet is set to be connected with modifying device (9) entrance；Modifying device (9) outlet is connected with 2# dosing device (10) entrance；2#
Dosing device (10) outlet is connected with absorption carriage device (11) entrance；
2# crusher (12) outlet is connected with 4# conveying device (13) entrance；4# conveying device (13) outlet and mixing arrangement
(14) entrance is connected；Mixing arrangement (14) outlet is connected with 5# conveying device (15) entrance；5# conveying device (15) is exported and is done
Dry device (16) entrance is connected；Drying device (16) solid-phase outlet is connected with pyrolysis installation (17) entrance；Pyrolysis installation (17) is solid
Mutually outlet is connected with cooling device (18) entrance；Cooling device (18) outlet is connected with 6# conveying device (19) entrance；6# conveying
Device (19) outlet is connected with absorption carriage device (11) entrance；
Preferably, pyrolysis installation (17) flue gas outlet is connected with drying device (16)；
Preferably, the sweet shaddock give up fruit harmless treatment device further include burner (20), 7# conveying device (21) and
Chimney (22), wherein pyrolysis installation (17) pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with burner (20)；The heat that burner (20) generates
Pyrolysis installation (17) can be supplied；The exhanst gas outlet of burner (20) is connected with drying device (16)；The gas of drying device (16)
Mutually outlet is connected to chimney (22) by 7# conveying device (21).
Further, the 1# crusher (1), 2# crusher (12) are common shear crusher；
The squeezer (2) is common fruit juice extractor；
The 1# conveying device (3), 4# conveying device (13), 5# conveying device (15), 6# conveying device (19) are big
Inclined angle belt conveyer, drag conveyor or screw conveyor；
The 2# conveying device (4), 3# conveying device (6) are liquid pump；
The installation for fermenting (5) is the common aerobic fermentation tank with agitating device；
The microelement warehouse (7) is ordinary steel storehouse；
The 1# dosing device (8), 2# dosing device (10) are fluid flowmeter；
The modifying device (9) is the liquid blending tank with agitating device；
The absorption carriage device (11) is the solid-liquid blending tank with agitating device；
The mixing arrangement (14) is plough coulter type batch mixer, rake batch mixer, rotaring tube mode mixer or stirring-type mixing
Machine；
The drying device (16) is rotary drying equipment, fluidized drying equipment or disc type drying equipment；
The pyrolysis installation (17) is common indirect heating rotary kiln pyrogenation furnace；
The cooling device (18) is revolving drum coolconveyer or belt coolconveyer；
The burner (20) is common gas burner；
The 7# conveying device (21) is common air-introduced machine；
The chimney (22) is common steel chimney or common brick mix structure chimney.
The utility model has the advantages that
In the present invention, while the solid phase pomace pyrolysis that squeezing obtains is prepared charcoal, make mature useless shaddock fruit surface packet
It the plastic foil that covers while realizing pyrolysis, is changed into charcoal, realizes that low cost solves current composting process and can not separate and handle
The problem of useless fruit surface plastic materials coating.
Moreover the present invention passes through broken, squeezing, fermentation, heat using the innoxious and resource utilization of the useless fruit of sweet shaddock as target
The means such as solution and load convert charcoal soil conditioner for the useless fruit of sweet shaddock, on the one hand utmostly realize that effective element returns
It receives and utilizes；On the other hand, filters pressing pomace of giving up mix with sweet shaddock branches and leaves and to carry out medium temperature Non-oxygen pyrolytic and prepare charcoal, through load hair
For sweet shaddock planting soil improvement after zymotic fluid and microelement, discarded sweet shaddock fruit harmless treatment and recycling benefit are sufficiently realized
Target walks the scientific development road of ecology, organic plantation for shaddock industry sweet for guarantee, promotes the promotion of sweet shaddock quality,
With highly important application value.Fruit/vegetable waste cropland application is a low cost, efficient processing mode, also will be at
A development trend of organic waste is handled for Small Urban；And charcoal is improving soil physical chemistry as soil conditioner
While matter, it is also used as the sustained release agent of fertilizer, there is good meaning for the plantation of sweet shaddock.
Further, after the present invention carries out modifier treatment to fermentation liquid using microelement, microelement is carried on life
In object charcoal, and for sweet shaddock planting soil, soil acidification and soil " lignifying " can be effectively improved, loam is retained, promotes sweet shaddock
Increasing both production and income, improving quality.
The abundant body clean and environmental protection theory of fruit method for innocent treatment in short, honey shaddock of the present invention is given up, can keep away completely
Exempt from problem of environmental pollution caused by the useless fruit of sweet shaddock, also can solve the problem of resource waste caused by cause fills and burns,
The useless fruit harmless treatment device of the sweet shaddock compact-sized fruit harmless treatment and 100% resource reclaim, it can be achieved that sweet shaddock is given up
It utilizes, sweet shaddock can be effectively facilitated and produced to ecology, organic transition, ensure the benign science of sweet shaddock industry and sustainable development, tool
There are good economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate more clearly of technical solution of the present invention, attached drawing will be briefly described below, it should be apparent that,
The accompanying drawings in the following description merely relates to some embodiments of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the useless fruit harmless treatment process flow chart of sweet shaddock provided by one embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the useless fruit harmless treatment device schematic diagram of sweet shaddock provided by one embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The definition of part term used in the present invention is given below, other terms that do not address have well known in the art
Definition and meaning:
Sweet shaddock is given up fruit: the discarded fruit generated in sweet shaddock plantation and sales process, including in sweet teak planting process
Shedding, decayed fruit, the inferior fruit under screening, coating achievement of surplus etc..
Sweet shaddock lignifying: refer to sweet shaddock fruit capsule valve close to newel (core) endocarp crack, juice born of the same parents one or more layers
Dehydration hardening.
Sweet shaddock branches and leaves: the teak generated in sweet shaddock planting process discards branches and leaves.
The useless fruit of honey shaddock provided by the invention is crushed, and particle size range control is < 3cm, preferably < 1cm, Control granularity mesh
Be in order to it is subsequent convenient for squeezing handle, improve Milling Efficiencty.
Aerobic fermentation provided by the invention, the temperature of fermentation are 25 DEG C~37 DEG C, and the time is for 24 hours~72h.Aerobic fermentation
Effect is the sugared part on the one hand making full use of squeezing juice, by the growth of microorganism, secretes the effective components such as biotic factor；
On the other hand, by the abundant effect of microorganism, change nutrient and Forms of microelements in squeezing juice, more conducively
Plant absorption utilizes.Honey shaddock branches and leaves provided by the invention plant discarded branches and leaves for it, are not only convenient for gathering materials on the spot, and are sweet shaddock
It plants discarded branches and leaves and recycling approach is provided.
The temperature of Non-oxygen pyrolytic provided by the invention is 400 DEG C -600 DEG C, preferably 450-550 DEG C, such as 470 DEG C, example
Such as 505 DEG C, such as 520 DEG C.
In the present invention, microelement can be one in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium
Kind, it is also possible to several mixing, microelement existence form is the common substance containing microelement, to this those skilled in the art
Member can know that therefore not to repeat here.The microelement adding proportion is the 0.01%-0.1% of the fermentation liquid gross weight, excellent
Select 0.03%-0.09%, more preferably 0.04%-0.0.07%, such as 0.05%, such as 0.06%.
The soil conditioner that the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock provided by the invention obtains, is used in changing for multiple types soil
It is good, such as acidified soil, heavy-metal contaminated soil etc., in particular for the improvement of sweet shaddock planting soil.Applicant is through research point
The reason of analysis discovery, shaddock quality decline may have the following aspects: (1) soil acidification is serious, and (2) chronic administration is with chemical fertilizer
Based on fertilizer lead to soil hardening, content of organic matter decline, the microelements such as the universal nitrogen stress of (3) soil, boron and zinc, magnesium.Mesh
Before, the processing of fruit useless for sweet shaddock is handled in a manner of payment landfill and incinerating method etc. mostly, how to further realize useless fruit money
It is an important problem that sourceization, which utilizes and improves sweet shaddock planting soil,.It is necessary endogenous sharp rich in own growth in the useless fruit of sweet shaddock
Element, enzyme, nucleic acid, polypeptide, amino acid isoreactivity substance and various microelements, can be back to honey completely after rationally disposing
Shaddock plantation will cause the significant wastage of such effective element resource according to landfill and the method burned processing.
The present invention combines the useless fruit biomass resource characteristic of sweet shaddock and the sweet shaddock planting soil problem, researches and develops the useless fruit of sweet shaddock
Resource recycling is planted in sweet shaddock, realizes the long-acting reparation of soil, improves sweet shaddock product quality, this is for promoting sweet shaddock plantation row
The sustainable and healthy development of industry has a very important significance.
The useless fruit method for innocent treatment of honey shaddock provided by the invention mainly thes improvement is that the broken, pressure by the useless fruit of sweet shaddock
It squeezes, fermentation, the technologies such as pyrolysis and microelement load combine, and broken mode, the mode of squeezing, the hand for realizing fermentation
The approach etc. that section, pyrolysis are realized can be same as the prior art, can know to this those skilled in the art, not go to live in the household of one's in-laws on getting married herein
It states.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in more detail below.Although the following describe preferred implementations of the invention
Mode, however, it is to be appreciated that may be realized in various forms the present invention without that should be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.It is real
It applies and particular technique or condition person is not specified in example, according to the literature in the art described technology or conditions or according to product
Specification carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer, being can be with conventional products that are commercially available.Under
In the embodiment in face, such as it is not known and illustrates, " % " refers both to weight percent.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock, as shown in Figure 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) 100kg honey shaddock fruit of giving up is crushed, the give up particle size range control of fruit of sweet shaddock is < 3cm after being crushed, then into
Row squeezing, realizes and is separated by solid-liquid separation, and liquid phase and solid phase pomace are obtained after separation of solid and liquid；
(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid being subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, the temperature of fermentation is 25 DEG C, time 72h,
Obtain fermentation liquid；
(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are carried out being crushed to granularity < 1cm, is then mixed with 20% ratio with the solid phase pomace,
Contact drying under the conditions of 80 DEG C, the Non-oxygen pyrolytic 45min at 400 DEG C, finally obtains charcoal after cooling later；
(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, microelement be phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese,
At least one of zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, microelement dosage are the 0.1% of fermentation liquid gross weight, quenched mixed liquor are prepared, so
After adsorbing the quenched mixed liquor using the charcoal afterwards, soil conditioner is obtained.
Soil conditioner is applied into sweet shaddock plantation improvement soil, soil conditioner is sprinkled upon sweet teak root surface soil,
Every plant uses 10-20kg soil conditioner, can effectively improve soil acidification, is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improves honey
Shaddock lignifying improves sweet shaddock quality.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock, comprising the following steps:
(1) 100kg honey shaddock fruit of giving up is crushed, the give up particle size range control of fruit of sweet shaddock is < 2cm after being crushed, then into
Row squeezing, realizes and is separated by solid-liquid separation, and liquid phase and solid phase pomace are obtained after separation of solid and liquid；
(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid being subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, the temperature of fermentation is 28 DEG C, time 65h,
Obtain fermentation liquid；
(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are carried out being crushed to granularity < 1cm, is then mixed with 30% ratio with the solid phase pomace,
Contact drying under the conditions of 90 DEG C, the Non-oxygen pyrolytic 30min at 500 DEG C, finally obtains charcoal after cooling later；
(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, microelement be phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese,
At least one of zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, microelement dosage are the 0.03% of fermentation liquid gross weight, and quenched mixed liquor is prepared,
Then after adsorbing the quenched mixed liquor using the charcoal, soil conditioner is obtained.
Soil conditioner is applied into sweet shaddock plantation improvement soil, soil conditioner is sprinkled upon sweet teak root surface soil,
Every plant uses 10-20kg soil conditioner, can effectively improve soil acidification, is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improves honey
Shaddock lignifying improves sweet shaddock quality.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock, comprising the following steps:
(1) 100kg honey shaddock fruit of giving up is crushed, the give up particle size range control of fruit of sweet shaddock is < 1cm after being crushed, then into
Row squeezing, realizes and is separated by solid-liquid separation, and liquid phase and solid phase pomace are obtained after separation of solid and liquid；
(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid being subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, the temperature of fermentation is 31 DEG C, time 48h,
Obtain fermentation liquid；
(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are carried out being crushed to granularity < 1cm, is then mixed with 40% ratio with the solid phase pomace,
Contact drying under the conditions of 100 DEG C, the Non-oxygen pyrolytic 60min at 450 DEG C, finally obtains charcoal after cooling later；
(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, microelement be phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese,
At least one of zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, microelement dosage are the 0.09% of fermentation liquid gross weight, and quenched mixed liquor is prepared,
Then after adsorbing the quenched mixed liquor using the charcoal, soil conditioner is obtained.
Soil conditioner is applied into sweet shaddock plantation improvement soil, soil conditioner is sprinkled upon sweet teak root surface soil,
Every plant uses 10-20kg soil conditioner, can effectively improve soil acidification, is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improves honey
Shaddock lignifying improves sweet shaddock quality.
Embodiment 4
A kind of method of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock, comprising the following steps:
(1) 100kg honey shaddock fruit of giving up is crushed, the give up particle size range control of fruit of sweet shaddock is < 3cm after being crushed, then into
Row squeezing, realizes and is separated by solid-liquid separation, and liquid phase and solid phase pomace are obtained after separation of solid and liquid；
(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid being subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, the temperature of fermentation is 35 DEG C, time 42h,
Obtain fermentation liquid；
(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are carried out being crushed to granularity < 1cm, is then mixed with 25% ratio with the solid phase pomace,
Contact drying under the conditions of 110 DEG C, the Non-oxygen pyrolytic 45min at 550 DEG C, finally obtains charcoal after cooling later；
(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, microelement be phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese,
At least one of zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, microelement dosage are the 0.05% of fermentation liquid gross weight, and quenched mixed liquor is prepared,
Then after adsorbing the quenched mixed liquor using the charcoal, soil conditioner is obtained.
Soil conditioner is applied into sweet shaddock plantation improvement soil, soil conditioner is sprinkled upon sweet teak root surface soil,
Every plant uses 10-20kg soil conditioner, can effectively improve soil acidification, is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improves honey
Shaddock lignifying improves sweet shaddock quality.
Embodiment 5
A kind of method of the useless fruit harmless treatment of honey shaddock, comprising the following steps:
(1) 100kg honey shaddock fruit of giving up is crushed, the give up particle size range control of fruit of sweet shaddock is < 3cm after being crushed, then into
Row squeezing, realizes and is separated by solid-liquid separation, and liquid phase and solid phase pomace are obtained after separation of solid and liquid；
(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid is subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, the temperature of fermentation is 37 DEG C, the time be for 24 hours,
Obtain fermentation liquid；
(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are carried out being crushed to granularity < 1cm, is then mixed with 50% ratio with the solid phase pomace,
Contact drying under the conditions of 120 DEG C, the Non-oxygen pyrolytic 15min at 600 DEG C, finally obtains charcoal after cooling later；
(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, microelement be phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese,
At least one of zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, microelement dosage are the 0.06% of fermentation liquid gross weight, and quenched mixed liquor is prepared,
Then after adsorbing the quenched mixed liquor using the charcoal, soil conditioner is obtained.
Soil conditioner is applied into sweet shaddock plantation improvement soil, soil conditioner is sprinkled upon sweet teak root surface soil,
Every plant uses 10-20kg soil conditioner, can effectively improve soil acidification, is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improves honey
Shaddock lignifying improves sweet shaddock quality.
Embodiment 6
The device of the method for the useless fruit harmless treatment of sweet shaddock is shown in Fig. 2, including 1# crusher 1, squeezer 2,1# conveying device
3,2# conveying device 4, installation for fermenting 5,3# conveying device 6, microelement warehouse 7,1# dosing device 8, modifying device 9,
2# dosing device 10, absorption carriage device 11,2# crusher 12,4# conveying device 13, mixing arrangement 14,5# conveying device
15, drying device 16, pyrolysis installation 17, cooling device 18 and 6# conveying device 19；
Wherein, the outlet of 1# crusher 1 is connected with 2 entrance of squeezer；2 solid-phase outlet of squeezer and 3 entrance of 1# conveying device
It is connected；2 liquid-phase outlet of squeezer is connected with 4 entrance of 2# conveying device；The outlet of 2# conveying device 4 is connected with 5 entrance of installation for fermenting；
The outlet of installation for fermenting 5 is connected with 6 entrance of 3# conveying device；The outlet of 3# conveying device 6 is connected with 9 entrance of modifying device；Micro member
The plain outlet of warehouse 7 is connected with 8 entrance of 1# dosing device；The outlet of 1# dosing device 8 is connected with 9 entrance of modifying device；
The outlet of modifying device 9 is connected with 10 entrance of 2# dosing device；The outlet of 2# dosing device 10 and absorption carriage device 11
Entrance is connected；
The outlet of 2# crusher 12 is connected with 13 entrance of 4# conveying device；The outlet of 4# conveying device 13 and 14 entrance of mixing arrangement
It is connected；The outlet of mixing arrangement 14 is connected with 15 entrance of 5# conveying device；The outlet of 5# conveying device 15 and 16 entrance phase of drying device
Even；16 solid-phase outlet of drying device is connected with 17 entrance of pyrolysis installation；17 solid-phase outlet of pyrolysis installation and 18 entrance of cooling device
It is connected；The outlet of cooling device 18 is connected with 19 entrance of 6# conveying device；The outlet of 6# conveying device 19 enters with absorption carriage device 11
Mouth is connected.
Connection type as one preferred, the outlet of 17 flue gas of pyrolysis installation are connected with drying device 16, by anaerobic heat
The flue gas generated after solution burning is for the energy dry described in step (3).
Device scheme as one preferred, the useless fruit harmless treatment device of honey shaddock further includes burner 20,7#
Conveying device 21 and chimney 22, wherein pyrolysis installation 17 is pyrolyzed gas outlet and is connected with burner 20；Burner 20 generates
Thermal energy supply pyrolysis installation 17；The exhanst gas outlet of burner 20 is connected with drying device 16；The gas phase of drying device 16 goes out
Mouth is connected to chimney 22 by 7# conveying device 21.It is used as Non-oxygen pyrolytic itself after the biological flue gas burning that Non-oxygen pyrolytic is generated
The energy realizes energy confession；The flue gas generated after Non-oxygen pyrolytic is burnt is used for the dry energy, is carried out later by chimney
It is emptied after purified treatment.
More specific scheme is that the 1# crusher 1,2# crusher 12 are common shear crusher, and shell is gold
Belong to what material was constituted, such as iron, copper, aluminium metal simple-substance and metal alloy；
The squeezer 2 is common fruit juice extractor；
The 1# conveying device 3,4# conveying device 13,5# conveying device 15,6# conveying device 19 are high angle belt conveyer
Conveyer, drag conveyor or screw conveyor；
The 2# conveying device 4,3# conveying device 6 are liquid pump；
The installation for fermenting 5 is the common aerobic fermentation tank with agitating device；
The microelement warehouse 7 is ordinary steel storehouse；
The 1# dosing device 8,2# dosing device 10 are fluid flowmeter；
The modifying device 9 is the liquid blending tank with agitating device；
The absorption carriage device 11 is the solid-liquid blending tank with agitating device；
The mixing arrangement 14 is plough coulter type batch mixer, rake batch mixer, rotaring tube mode mixer or stirring-type batch mixer；
The drying device 16 is rotary drying equipment, fluidized drying equipment or disc type drying equipment etc.；
The pyrolysis installation 17 is common indirect heating rotary kiln pyrogenation furnace；
The cooling device 18 is revolving drum coolconveyer or belt coolconveyer；
The burner 20 is common gas burner；
The 7# conveying device 21 is common air-introduced machine；
The chimney 22 is common steel chimney or common brick mix structure chimney.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described above in detail, still, during present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above
Detail within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention can be with various simple variants of the technical solution of the present invention are made, this
A little simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A kind of method of fruit harmless treatment 1. honey shaddock is given up, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:(1) the useless fruit of sweet shaddock is crushed, is then squeezed, realize and be separated by solid-liquid separation, liquid phase and solid phase is obtained after separation of solid and liquid Pomace；(2) liquid phase obtained after separation of solid and liquid is subjected to aerobic fermentation processing, obtains fermentation liquid；(3) sweet shaddock branches and leaves are crushed, then mix, dries, Non-oxygen pyrolytic with the solid phase pomace, finally after cooling To charcoal；(4) fermentation liquid is mixed with microelement, quenched mixed liquor is prepared, then adsorb institute using the charcoal After stating quenched mixed liquor, soil conditioner is obtained.
- The method of fruit harmless treatment 2. honey shaddock according to claim 1 is given up, it is characterised in that: step (1) the sweet shaddock The broken particle size range control of useless fruit is < 3cm.
- The method of fruit harmless treatment 3. honey shaddock according to claim 1 is given up, it is characterised in that: step (2) described fermentation Temperature be 25 DEG C~37 DEG C, the time be for 24 hours~72h.
- The method of fruit harmless treatment 4. honey shaddock according to claim 1 is given up, it is characterised in that: step (3) described drying For contact drying, drying temperature control is 80 DEG C -120 DEG C；Optional, step (3) honey shaddock branches and leaves particle size after cracking is < 1cm, and mixture moisture control is < 5 weight % after drying；Optional, the temperature of step (3) described Non-oxygen pyrolytic is 400 DEG C -600 DEG C, time 15min-60min.Optional, it is used as Non-oxygen pyrolytic self energy after the biological flue gas burning that Non-oxygen pyrolytic generates in step (3), realizes the energy Confession；Optional, the flue gas generated after Non-oxygen pyrolytic burning in step (3) is for the energy dry described in step (3)；Optional, the additive amount of honey shaddock branches and leaves described in step (3) is the 5~50% of the solid phase pomace gross weight.
- The method of fruit harmless treatment 5. honey shaddock according to claim 1 is given up, it is characterised in that: micro- described in step (4) Secondary element is at least one of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, silicon, iron, sulphur, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, selenium, and the microelement adds ratio Example is the 0.01%-0.1% of the fermentation liquid gross weight.
- The soil conditioner that the method for fruit harmless treatment is handled 6. the described in any item sweet shaddocks of claim 1-5 are given up.
- 7. the purposes of soil conditioner as claimed in claim 6, for improveing soil in the plantation of sweet shaddock.
- 8. the purposes of soil conditioner according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the soil conditioner is used for sweet shaddock kind Soil is planted, soil acidification is improved, is retained loam, promotes sweet shaddock increasing both production and income, improves sweet shaddock lignifying, improves sweet shaddock quality.
- 9. the device of the method with the described in any item sweet useless fruit harmless treatments of shaddocks of claim 1-5, it is characterised in that: honey The useless fruit harmless treatment device of shaddock includes 1# crusher (1), squeezer (2), 1# conveying device (3), 2# conveying device (4), hair Ferment device (5), 3# conveying device (6), microelement warehouse (7), 1# dosing device (8), modifying device (9), 2# are quantitative Charging gear (10), absorption carriage device (11), 2# crusher (12), 4# conveying device (13), mixing arrangement (14), 5# conveying Device (15), drying device (16), pyrolysis installation (17), cooling device (18) and 6# conveying device (19)；Wherein, 1# crusher (1) outlet is connected with squeezer (2) entrance；Squeezer (2) solid-phase outlet and 1# conveying device (3) Entrance is connected；Squeezer (2) liquid-phase outlet is connected with 2# conveying device (4) entrance；2# conveying device (4) outlet and installation for fermenting (5) entrance is connected；Installation for fermenting (5) outlet is connected with 3# conveying device (6) entrance；3# conveying device (6) outlet and quenched dress (9) entrance is set to be connected；Microelement warehouse (7) outlet is connected with 1# dosing device (8) entrance；1# dosing device (8) outlet is connected with modifying device (9) entrance；Modifying device (9) outlet is connected with 2# dosing device (10) entrance；2# is fixed Amount charging gear (10) outlet is connected with absorption carriage device (11) entrance；2# crusher (12) outlet is connected with 4# conveying device (13) entrance；4# conveying device (13) outlet and mixing arrangement (14) Entrance is connected；Mixing arrangement (14) outlet is connected with 5# conveying device (15) entrance；5# conveying device (15) outlet is filled with dry (16) entrance is set to be connected；Drying device (16) solid-phase outlet is connected with pyrolysis installation (17) entrance；Pyrolysis installation (17) solid phase goes out Mouth is connected with cooling device (18) entrance；Cooling device (18) outlet is connected with 6# conveying device (19) entrance；6# conveying device (19) outlet is connected with absorption carriage device (11) entrance；Preferably, pyrolysis installation (17) flue gas outlet is connected with drying device (16)；Preferably, the useless fruit harmless treatment device of sweet shaddock further includes burner (20), 7# conveying device (21) and chimney (22), wherein pyrolysis installation (17) pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with burner (20)；The thermal energy that burner (20) generates supplies Give pyrolysis installation (17)；The exhanst gas outlet of burner (20) is connected with drying device (16)；The gas phase of drying device (16) goes out Mouth is connected to chimney (22) by 7# conveying device (21).
- The device of fruit harmless treatment 10. honey shaddock according to claim 9 is given up, it is characterised in that: the 1# crusher (1), 2# crusher (12) is common shear crusher；The squeezer (2) is common fruit juice extractor；The 1# conveying device (3), 4# conveying device (13), 5# conveying device (15), 6# conveying device (19) are high inclination-angle Belt conveyor, drag conveyor or screw conveyor；The 2# conveying device (4), 3# conveying device (6) are liquid pump；The installation for fermenting (5) is the common aerobic fermentation tank with agitating device；The microelement warehouse (7) is ordinary steel storehouse；The 1# dosing device (8), 2# dosing device (10) are fluid flowmeter；The modifying device (9) is the liquid blending tank with agitating device；The absorption carriage device (11) is the solid-liquid blending tank with agitating device；The mixing arrangement (14) is plough coulter type batch mixer, rake batch mixer, rotaring tube mode mixer or stirring-type batch mixer；The drying device (16) is rotary drying equipment, fluidized drying equipment or disc type drying equipment；The pyrolysis installation (17) is common indirect heating rotary kiln pyrogenation furnace；The cooling device (18) is revolving drum coolconveyer or belt coolconveyer；The burner (20) is common gas burner；The 7# conveying device (21) is common air-introduced machine；The chimney (22) is common steel chimney or common brick mix structure chimney.
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| CN102173897A (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Method for treating and utilizing agricultural solid waste through aerobic high-temperature hydrolysis and fermentation |
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