CN109381596A - 一种用于预防感冒的药物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种用于预防感冒的药物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN109381596A
CN109381596A CN201710650347.4A CN201710650347A CN109381596A CN 109381596 A CN109381596 A CN 109381596A CN 201710650347 A CN201710650347 A CN 201710650347A CN 109381596 A CN109381596 A CN 109381596A
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parts
radix
drug
extracting solution
preparation
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刘涵佐
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    • A61K31/167Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the nitrogen of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. lidocaine, paracetamol
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于预防感冒的药物及其制备方法和应用,属于医药领域。具体的,该药物为涂膜剂,主要由白萝卜、菊花、西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、藿香、橘梗、甘草、葱白以及马齿苋等中药组份和特定的化学成分组成,该药物用药方便,而且该药物经过特定配伍关系的药物组份在特定工艺条件下制成,各组份协同配伍,透皮吸收后循环到机体体液中,通过增强机体免疫、集祛毒、散热、生津和润体于一体,具有化浊辟秽,除湿祛风通络,解毒消透之功效,可有效预防流行性感冒,增强机体免疫力,降低感染流感发病机率,并且还可以有效地缩短患者的病程。

Description

一种用于预防感冒的药物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及医药领域,具体而言,涉及一种用于预防感冒的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
感冒有狭义和广义之分,狭义上指普通感冒,是一种轻微的上呼吸道(鼻及喉部)病毒性感染,是急性上呼吸道病毒感染中最常见病种,多呈自限性,但发生率高,影响人群面广、量大,且可以引起多种并发症。广义上还包括流行性感冒,一般比普通感冒更严重,额外的症状包括发热、冷颤及肌肉酸痛,全身性症状较明显。
感冒的潜伏期为1~3天不等,并随感染病毒而异,一般而言,肠道病毒最短,腺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒较长,起病突然。大多先有鼻和喉部灼热感,随后出现鼻塞、打喷嚏、流涕、全身不适和肌肉酸痛。症状在48h达高峰(病毒脱壳),急性鼻咽炎通常不发热或仅有低热,尤其是鼻病毒或冠状病毒感染时,可有眼结膜充血、流泪、畏光、眼睑肿胀、咽喉黏膜水肿。
另外,咽喉和气管炎出现与否,因感冒的人和因感染病毒而异。鼻腔分泌物初始为大量水样清涕,以后变为黏液性或脓性。咳嗽通常不剧烈,持续时间可长达2周。脓性痰或严重的下呼吸道症状提示鼻病毒以外的病毒合并或继发细菌性感染。儿童感冒时其症状多较成人为重,常有下呼吸道症状和消化道症状(呕吐、腹泻等)。感冒多属自限性的,如无并发症,病程4~10天。
目前,对于感冒的预防和治疗方面,一般采用内服或者滴注药物,且根据个人的喜好对内服药物进行种类选择,常见的如一些抗病毒药物、消炎药物和镇痛药物等;对于这些药物,通常中药制剂疗效慢,而西药则多存在一定的副作用,同时,给药方式往往以内服或者点滴为主,尤其对于老人而言,内服或者点滴的给药方式显得非常麻烦,大大影响了感冒的治疗进程。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种用于预防感冒的药物,该药物的剂型为涂膜剂,用药方便,而且该药物经过特定配伍关系的药物组份在特定工艺条件下制成,各组份协同配伍,透皮吸收后循环到机体体液中,通过增强机体免疫,集祛毒、散热、生津和润体于一体,可以有效起到预防感冒的效果。
本发明的第二目的在于提供一种上述药物的制备方法,该制备方法结合特定的药物组份选择回流提取和煎煮提取共用的方法使得药物组份的有效成分析出完全,且协同共用,更为关键的是,该涂膜剂采用根据药物组份特定选择的基质以及渗透剂(促渗剂)、成膜剂,在尽可能保证药物药效的前提下,制成性质更为稳定,成膜效果优异,且易于剥离的新型预防感冒的剂型。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种用于预防感冒的药物,该药物的剂型为涂膜剂,且按照重量份数计,其主要由以下原料制成:
白萝卜12-20份、菊花2-5份、西洋参2-6分、麦冬4-10份、枸杞1-3份、苍术4-6份、藿香3-8份、橘梗8-12份、甘草6-12份、葱白6-10份、马齿苋3-7份、细辛1-3份、桂枝1-3份、薄荷6-8 份、八角莲2-4份、大青叶3-10份、观音莲3-6份、香薷4-10份、臭常山10-14份、当归8-14份、榆树皮4-6份、白芷6-12份、独活 12-14份、延胡索4-10份、胆南星0.1-1份、杏仁10-12份、五味子 7-12份、桑叶6-10份、柴胡10-15份、板蓝根14-18份、葛根6-20 份、连翘3-6份、白刺根5-8份、决明子6-8份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.01-0.1份、双氯芬酸0.04-0.08份、苯丙酸胺 0.02-0.5份、氯苯那敏0.01-0.08份;氮酮0.01-0.03份、苯甲酸 0.01-0.05份、月桂香精油0.04-0.1份;聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛8-25份。
本发明提供的这种用于预防感冒的药物中,以白萝卜、白芷、臭常山、柴胡、板蓝根以及葛根为主要成分,各药物组份独自发挥药效的同时,基于特定的配伍关系,起到了协同增效的效果,尤其是在榆树皮、决明子和白刺根的辅助下,该配方在君臣佐使的配伍机理下,保障机体的免疫效果,同时乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺和氯苯那敏和各重要组份配伍,兼具预防和治疗感冒的效果,对初期感冒患者以及正常机体均具有很好的预防效果。
需要特别说明的是,本申请中,对于成膜剂进行了特定的选择,以聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛为特定的成膜剂,再以特定组份的渗透剂作为配伍(基于特定组份的中药组份),以实现涂膜效果和药效兼具的药物制备。
可选的,按照重量份数计,其主要由以下原料制成:
白萝卜14-20份、菊花4-5份、西洋参3-5分、麦冬5-8份、枸杞1-2份、苍术4-5份、藿香4-6份、橘梗10-12份、甘草7-11份、葱白8-9份、马齿苋4-6份、细辛2-3份、桂枝2-3份、薄荷6-8份、八角莲2-3份、大青叶3-8份、观音莲3-5份、香薷4-8份、臭常山 10-12份、当归10-14份、榆树皮4-6份、白芷10-12份、独活12-13 份、延胡索4-10份、胆南星0.4-0.8份、杏仁10-12份、五味子8-10 份、桑叶8-10份、柴胡10-12份、板蓝根15-17份、葛根6-12份、连翘3-5份、白刺根5-6份、决明子6-8份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.04-0.1份、双氯芬酸0.06-0.08份、苯丙酸胺 0.08-0.5份、氯苯那敏0.04-0.08份;氮酮0.01-0.03份、苯甲酸 0.01-0.05份、月桂香精油0.08-0.1份;聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛10-20份。
对于上述的预防感冒的药剂,从配伍关系的角度出发,进行了更加优化的选择,以实现更好的预防感冒效果。
可选的,以重量份数计,药物还包括:
聚乙烯醇124 3-6份、卡波姆-940 2-6份、亚油酸0.02-0.04份、丙二醇0.03-0.08份、川芎提取物0.01-0.05份。
对于涂膜剂而言,药物通过皮层的吸收程度是起到预防效果最为关键的因素之一,在本申请中,基于各药物组份的配伍关系,特采用了上述的促渗剂和成膜剂,旨在在尽可能短的时间内实现药物发的透皮吸收并渗透到血液循环中。同时,该成膜剂的选择也保证了药物有效成分与皮肤尽可能多的接触时间。
上述的药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)、将既定重量份数的西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、橘梗、甘草、细辛、桂枝、臭常山、当归、榆树皮、白芷、独活、延胡索、杏仁、五味子、柴胡、板蓝根、葛根、连翘、白刺根和决明子于50-80℃的干燥箱中烘干20-24小时后,分别粉碎并混合,得到混合药粉,利用质量为混合药粉8-10倍的乙醇回流提取混合药粉,得到第一提取液;
2)、在回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其4-5倍的水,煎煮 1-2小时,将所得煎煮夜过滤、纯化后,得到第二提取液;
3)、将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷、桑叶和胆南星在40-50℃下利用艾烟熏1-2 小时,再将经过熏后的药材于质量为其6-8倍的水煎煮提取,并经过滤后,得到第三提取液;
4)、将步骤3)中经过煎煮后的药渣阴干后粉碎,得到药渣末,并将所得的药渣末利用质量为其4-10倍的乙醇回流提取,得到第四提取液;
5)、将第一提取液和第四提取液混合后减压浓缩,得到第一稠膏,将第二提取液和第三混合后减压浓缩,得到第二稠膏;
6)、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏溶于乙醇中,并使得混合稠膏中的含醇量达到30-50%;再加入对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油以及利用乙醇溶解的聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛,分散均匀,即得。
本申请的涂膜剂的制备方法中,对特定的药物原料组份采用不同的提取方法,原理上,由于各药物组份均存在醇溶和水溶的现象,因此为了在保证各药物组份有效成分析出完全的前提下,对特定的组份集于一体进行提取,同时对组份的提取结合其所含有效成分的种类选择不同的工艺条件,并形成相应的稠膏,再经过溶剂溶解后与相应配比的成膜剂以及渗透剂形成成膜剂。
可选的,在步骤6)中,还包括向混合稠膏中加入亚油酸、丙二醇、川芎提取物、聚乙烯醇124和卡波姆-940的步骤。
本申请中,结合药剂所具备的配伍关系,在促渗剂的选择上特采用亚油酸、丙二醇和川芎提取物的组合,尤其是对于川芎提取物的选择,鉴于该提取物中含有大量的阿魏酸和川芎嗪,与亚油酸配伍后,可以起到非常优异的促渗效果。具体的,聚乙烯醇124和卡波姆-940和聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛的加入方式一致,先经过醇溶,而亚油酸、丙二醇和川芎提取物则和月桂香精油(月桂树香精油)一起加入。
可选的,川芎提取物由以下步骤制成:
用质量为川芎根粉末8倍的80%的乙醇回流提取2小时,再利用质量为川芎粉末6倍的75%的乙醇对第一次提取后的川芎粉末回流提取1小时,合并两次提取液,并依次经过减压浓缩和大孔吸附树脂分离。
为了保证川芎提取物中阿魏酸的有效含量,特采用上述2次回流提取以及减压、吸附的方式,该工艺条件考究,经测定,所得到的川芎提取物中,阿魏酸的含量高于30%,同时,提取物的整体收率高于1%。
可选的,在步骤1)中,混合药粉在回流提取前,先加入质量为其1%-1.5%的蜂蜜后搅拌均匀,然后于50-55℃的条件下烘干2-4 小时。
在烘干之前,对于制成的混合药粉添加特定重量比的蜂蜜,并经过搅拌混匀,在后续烘干的过程中,蜂蜜中所含的有效成分可以缓慢渗透到各药物中,同时也为后续回流提取药物,并得到药效更为全面丰富的提取液奠定基础。
可选的,在步骤2)中,具体包括:
回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其4-5倍且温度为40-50℃的水,静置3-4小时,然后以2-5℃/min的速率加热升温至95-100℃,保温1.5小时,将所得煎煮夜静置至常温,依次通过过滤和纯化得到第二提取液。
混合药粉经过回流提取后,大量的醇溶性成分会溶于乙醇中,同时,由于本申请中药物选择复杂,所以还有很多水溶性有效成分存在于经过回流提取后的药渣中。鉴于此,特优选采用上述的煎煮提取方法,且在提取前用特定温度的水浸泡一定时间,保证有效成分尽可能溶解,同时采用特定的升温速率,在保证提取效果的前提下,尽可能减少高温煎煮对有效成分的损害。
可选的,在步骤3)中,艾烟熏的过程中,具体包括:
将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷和桑叶于40-45℃的条件下利用艾烟熏1.5小时,再加入胆南星后升温至50℃继续熏0.5小时。
采用艾烟熏特定的药物组份,并实现感冒的预防是本领域的首创,艾熏的过程中,可以让各片状的药物组份变得紧实致密,同时也让艾草的有效成分与各组份实现混配,为后续实现较高溶出率的第三提取液提供保障,另外,鉴于胆南星与其他组份存在较大的性质区别,所以在熏的过程中,温度和时间均有特定选择。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
1.本申请为预防感冒提供了一种新的药物剂型,由于该药物是涂膜剂,因此具有用药方便,使用安全的特点。另外,药物组份选择合理,中西医结合,制备工艺特殊考究,为预防感冒提供了新的思路和方向。
2.本申请的涂膜剂,通过透皮给药,可避免肝脏的首过效应和药物在胃肠道的灭活,减少了药物的吸收受到胃肠道因素的影响,减少用药的个体差异,提高了治疗或者预防效果,药物可长时间持续扩散进入血液循环。另外,该药物使用后,可以维持恒定血药浓度,避免口服给药引起的血药浓度峰谷现象,降低了胃肠给药的毒副反应。同时,该药物还可以延长作用时间,避免多剂量给药。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
本发明提供了一种用于预防感冒的药物,药物的剂型为涂膜剂,且按照重量份数计,其主要由以下原料制成:
白萝卜12-20份(可以是12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、 20份);
菊花2-5份(可以是2、3、4、5份);
西洋参2-6分(可以是2、3、4、5、6份);
麦冬4-10份(可以是4、5、6、7、8、9、10份);
枸杞1-3份(可以是1、2、3份);
苍术4-6份(可以是4、5、6份);
藿香3-8份(可以是3、4、5、6、7、8份);
橘梗8-12份(可以是8、9、10、11、12份);
甘草6-12份(可以是6、7、8、9、10、11、12份);
葱白6-10份(可以是6、7、8、9、10份);
马齿苋3-7份(可以是3、4、5、6、7份);
细辛1-3份(可以是1、2、3份);
桂枝1-3份(可以是1、2、3份);
薄荷6-8份(可以是6、7、8份);
八角莲2-4份(可以是2、3、4份);
大青叶3-10份(可以是3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10份);
观音莲3-6份(可以是3、4、5、6份);
香薷4-10份(可以是4、5、6、7、8、9、10份);
臭常山10-14份(可以是10、11、12、13、14份);
当归8-14份(可以是8、9、10、11、12、13、14份);
榆树皮4-6份(可以是4、5、6份);
白芷6-12份(可以是6、7、8、9、10、11、12份);
独活12-14份(可以是12、13、14份);
延胡索4-10份(可以是4、5、6、7、8、9、10份);
胆南星0.1-1份(可以是0.1、0.5、0.8、1份);
杏仁10-12份(可以是10、11、12份);
五味子7-12份(可以是7、8、9、10、11、12份);
桑叶6-10份(可以是6、7、8、9、10份);
柴胡10-15份(可以是10、11、12、13、14、15份);
板蓝根14-18份(可以是14、15、16、17、18份);
葛根6-20份(可以是6、8、10、11、12、13、14、16、18份);
连翘3-6份(可以是3、4、5、6份);
白刺根5-8份(可以是5、6、7、8份);
决明子6-8份(可以是6、7、8份);
对乙酰氨基酚0.01-0.1份、双氯芬酸0.04-0.08份、苯丙酸胺 0.02-0.5份、氯苯那敏0.01-0.08份;
氮酮0.01-0.03份、苯甲酸0.01-0.05份、月桂香精油0.04-0.1 份;
聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛8-25份。
上述的药物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)、将既定重量份数的西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、橘梗、甘草、细辛、桂枝、臭常山、当归、榆树皮、白芷、独活、延胡索、杏仁、五味子、柴胡、板蓝根、葛根、连翘、白刺根和决明子于50-80℃的干燥箱中烘干20-24小时后,分别粉碎并混合,得到混合药粉,利用质量为混合药粉8-10倍的乙醇回流提取混合药粉,得到第一提取液;
2)、在回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其4-5倍的水,煎煮 1-2小时,将所得煎煮夜过滤、纯化后,得到第二提取液;
3)、将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷、桑叶和胆南星在40-50℃下利用艾烟熏1-2 小时,再将经过熏后的药材于质量为其6-8倍的水煎煮提取,并经过滤后,得到第三提取液;
4)、将步骤3)中经过煎煮后的药渣阴干后粉碎,得到药渣末,并将所得的药渣末利用质量为其4-10倍的乙醇回流提取,得到第四提取液;
5)、将第一提取液和第四提取液混合后减压浓缩,得到第一稠膏,将第二提取液和第三混合后减压浓缩,得到第二稠膏;
6)、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏溶于乙醇中,并使得混合稠膏中的含醇量达到30-50%;再加入对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油以及利用乙醇溶解的聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛,分散均匀,即得。
接下来,结合以上的内容,对本发明的用于预防感冒的药物和制备方法以及应用举出了以下具体的实施例:
实施例1
白萝卜12份、菊花2份、西洋参2份、麦冬4份、枸杞1份、苍术4份、藿香3份、橘梗8份、甘草6-12份、葱白6份、马齿苋 3份、细辛3份、桂枝1份、薄荷6份、八角莲2份、大青叶3份、观音莲3份、香薷4份、臭常山12份、当归8份、榆树皮4份、白芷6份、独活12份、延胡索4份、胆南星0.1份、杏仁10份、五味子7份、桑叶6份、柴胡10份、板蓝根14份、葛根6份、连翘 3份、白刺根5份、决明子6份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.01份、双氯芬酸0.04份、苯丙酸胺0.02份、氯苯那敏0.01份;氮酮0.01份、苯甲酸0.01份、月桂香精油0.04 份;聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛10份。
制备方法
S11:将既定重量份数的西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、橘梗、甘草、细辛、桂枝、臭常山、当归、榆树皮、白芷、独活、延胡索、杏仁、五味子、柴胡、板蓝根、葛根、连翘、白刺根和决明子于50℃的干燥箱中烘干20小时后,分别粉碎并混合,得到混合药粉,利用质量为混合药粉8倍的乙醇回流提取混合药粉,得到第一提取液;
S12:在回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其5倍的水,煎煮1 小时,将所得煎煮夜过滤、纯化后,得到第二提取液;
S13:将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷、桑叶和胆南星在45℃下利用艾烟熏1小时,再将经过熏后的药材于质量为其6倍的水煎煮提取,并经过滤后,得到第三提取液;
S14:将步骤S13中经过煎煮后的药渣阴干后粉碎,得到药渣末,并将所得的药渣末利用质量为其4倍的乙醇回流提取,得到第四提取液;
S15:将第一提取液和第四提取液混合后减压浓缩,得到第一稠膏,将第二提取液和第三混合后减压浓缩,得到第二稠膏;
S16:将第一稠膏、第二稠膏溶于乙醇中,并使得混合稠膏中的含醇量达到30%;再加入对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油以及利用乙醇溶解的聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛,分散均匀。
实施例2
白萝卜20份、菊花5份、西洋参6分、麦冬10份、枸杞3份、苍术6份、藿香8份、橘梗12份、甘草12份、葱白10份、马齿苋 7份、细辛3份、桂枝3份、薄荷8份、八角莲4份、大青叶10份、观音莲6份、香薷10份、臭常山14份、当归14份、榆树皮6份、白芷12份、独活14份、延胡索10份、胆南星1份、杏仁12份、五味子12份、桑叶10份、柴胡15份、板蓝根18份、葛根20份、连翘6份、白刺根8份、决明子8份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.1份、双氯芬酸0.08份、苯丙酸胺0.5份、氯苯那敏0.08份;氮酮0.03份、苯甲酸0.05份、月桂香精油0.1份;聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛25份。
制备方法
S21:将既定重量份数的西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、橘梗、甘草、细辛、桂枝、臭常山、当归、榆树皮、白芷、独活、延胡索、杏仁、五味子、柴胡、板蓝根、葛根、连翘、白刺根和决明子于80℃的干燥箱中烘干24小时后,分别粉碎并混合,得到混合药粉,利用质量为混合药粉10倍的乙醇回流提取混合药粉,得到第一提取液;
S22:在回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其5倍的水,煎煮2 小时,将所得煎煮夜过滤、纯化后,得到第二提取液;
S23:将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷、桑叶和胆南星在50℃下利用艾烟熏1小时,再将经过熏后的药材于质量为其8倍的水煎煮提取,并经过滤后,得到第三提取液;
S24:将步骤S23中经过煎煮后的药渣阴干后粉碎,得到药渣末,并将所得的药渣末利用质量为其10倍的乙醇回流提取,得到第四提取液;
S25:将第一提取液和第四提取液混合后减压浓缩,得到第一稠膏,将第二提取液和第三混合后减压浓缩,得到第二稠膏;
S26:将第一稠膏、第二稠膏溶于乙醇中,并使得混合稠膏中的含醇量达到50%;再加入对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油以及利用乙醇溶解的聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛,分散均匀,即得。
实施例3
白萝卜15份、菊花4份、西洋参4分、麦冬7份、枸杞2份、苍术5份、藿香6份、橘梗10份、甘草9份、葱白8份、马齿苋6 份、细辛2份、桂枝2份、薄荷7份、八角莲3份、大青叶5份、观音莲5份、香薷7份、臭常山12份、当归11份、榆树皮5份、白芷9份、独活13份、延胡索7份、胆南星0.1份、杏仁11份、五味子8份、桑叶8份、柴胡13份、板蓝根16份、葛根13份、连翘4份、白刺根7份、决明子7份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.05份、双氯芬酸0.06份、苯丙酸胺0.03份、氯苯那敏0.02份;氮酮0.02份、苯甲酸0.03份、月桂香精油0.06 份;聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛16份。
制备方法
S31:将既定重量份数的西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、橘梗、甘草、细辛、桂枝、臭常山、当归、榆树皮、白芷、独活、延胡索、杏仁、五味子、柴胡、板蓝根、葛根、连翘、白刺根和决明子于70℃的干燥箱中烘干22小时后,分别粉碎并混合,得到混合药粉(加入质量为其1%的蜂蜜后搅拌均匀,然后于50℃的条件下烘干3小时),利用质量为混合药粉9倍的乙醇回流提取混合药粉,得到第一提取液;
S32:回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其5倍且温度为40-50℃的水,静置3-4小时,然后以2-5℃/min的速率加热升温至95-100℃,保温1.5小时,将所得煎煮夜静置至常温,依次通过过滤和纯化得到第二提取液;
S33:将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷、桑叶和胆南星在45℃下利用艾烟熏1.5小时,再将经过熏后的药材于质量为其7倍的水煎煮提取,并经过滤后,得到第三提取液;
S34:将步骤S33中经过煎煮后的药渣阴干后粉碎,得到药渣末,并将所得的药渣末利用质量为其8倍的乙醇回流提取,得到第四提取液;
S35:将第一提取液和第四提取液混合后减压浓缩,得到第一稠膏,将第二提取液和第三混合后减压浓缩,得到第二稠膏;
S36:将第一稠膏、第二稠膏溶于乙醇中,并使得混合稠膏中的含醇量达到40%;再加入对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油以及利用乙醇溶解的聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛,分散均匀。
实施例4
在本实施例中,药物组份在实施例3的基础之上还增加了聚乙烯醇124 5份、卡波姆-940 5份;亚油酸0.03份、丙二醇0.06份、川芎提取物0.03份。
且川芎提取物采用以下方法制成:
用质量为川芎根粉末8倍的80%的乙醇回流提取2小时,再利用质量为川芎粉末6倍的75%的乙醇对第一次提取后的川芎粉末回流提取1小时,合并两次提取液,并依次经过减压浓缩和大孔吸附树脂分离。
本实施例的制备方法中,在制成稠膏之前,均同实施例3的相应步骤,只是在制剂的过程中,和聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛一起加入聚乙烯醇124和卡波姆-940,同时,和氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油一起加入亚油酸、丙二醇和川芎提取物。即选用特定配伍关系的成膜材料和促渗物质,从而提高药物透皮吸收量,并形成稳定长效的膜面。
对比例1
该对比例与实施例3相比,缺少麦冬,枸杞、当归、榆树皮、决明子、柴胡、马齿苋、桂枝、薄荷和白刺根等10种组份,其余药剂配伍关系同实施例3,制备方法中,所有药物均采用常规的煎煮提取。
对比例2
该对比例与实施例3相比,缺少对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸等组份,且在制备第三提取液的过程中缺少艾烟熏的操作,制备方法中,采用有机溶剂回流提取方式。
试验例1:渗透效果测试
以离体的SD大鼠背部皮肤作为渗透屏障,采用高效液相色谱法测定药物的含量,以单位面积累积渗透量对时间拟合,分别考察
实施例1-4和对比例1-2制成的药剂在大鼠背部完整皮肤的渗透情况,具体数据请参考表1。
表1渗透效果测试结果
结果:实施例1-4提供的药物,其在6-24h内,药物的累积渗透量稳步递增,尤其以实施例3-4最为明显,而对比例1-2在单位时间内的渗透量则明显较小。
试验例2:预防效果
1、病例选择
选取受试样本,随机分为两组:对照组20例,男15例,女 5例,年龄为20±1.2岁;治疗组60例(随机分为3组),男33 例,女27例,年龄为20±1.1岁。两组性别、年龄比较无统计学差异,具有可比性。
诊断标准:疾病诊断参照中华医学会呼吸病学分会制定的《流行性感冒临床诊断和治疗指南》。
具体如下:(1)有感冒接触史;(2)出现急起发热、畏寒、咽喉部干痒疼痛,可伴有咳嗽、鼻塞流涕等卡他症状或消化道症状; (3)检查咽部明显充血或扁桃体肿大、充血;(4)白细胞计数正常或偏低,淋巴细胞比例升高。
2、研究方法
将符合研究标准的受试者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组份为3组,且分别采用本发明实施例4提供的涂膜剂、对比例1和对比例2的药物进行给药,每天涂抹(背部)2次,每次3小时。各组均在5个月时随访。观察两组受试者5个月内发生流感的人数及患病病程,结果请参考表2。
表2预防效果数据
通过表2可以看出,本发明提供的涂膜剂,其与对比例相比,具有明显降低机体感染感冒的效果。此外,对本次调查过程中的患者的病程还进行统计,具体结果请参考表3,发现通过本发明提供的涂膜剂,可以减少感冒患者的病程。
表3发病受试者病程统计
组别 例数 病程
对照组 15 6.7天
治疗组1(实施例4) 4 2.4天
治疗组2(对比例1) 11 4.8天
治疗组3(对比例2) 13 6.1天
综上,本发明中药涂膜剂具有化浊辟秽,除湿祛风通络,解毒消透之功效,可有效预防流行性感冒,增强机体免疫力,降低感染流感发病机率,并且还可以有效地缩短患者的病程。
尽管已用具体实施例来说明和描述了本发明,然而应意识到,在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以作出许多其它的更改和修改。因此,这意味着在所附权利要求中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于预防感冒的药物,其特征在于,药物的剂型为涂膜剂,且按照重量份数计,其主要由以下原料制成:
白萝卜12-20份、菊花2-5份、西洋参2-6份、麦冬4-10份、枸杞1-3份、苍术4-6份、藿香3-8份、橘梗8-12份、甘草6-12份、葱白6-10份、马齿苋3-7份、细辛1-3份、桂枝1-3份、薄荷6-8份、八角莲2-4份、大青叶3-10份、观音莲3-6份、香薷4-10份、臭常山10-14份、当归8-14份、榆树皮4-6份、白芷6-12份、独活12-14份、延胡索4-10份、胆南星0.1-1份、杏仁10-12份、五味子7-12份、桑叶6-10份、柴胡10-15份、板蓝根14-18份、葛根6-20份、连翘3-6份、白刺根5-8份、决明子6-8份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.01-0.1份、双氯芬酸0.04-0.08份、苯丙酸胺0.02-0.5份、氯苯那敏0.01-0.08份、氮酮0.01-0.03份、苯甲酸0.01-0.05份、月桂香精油0.04-0.1份、聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛8-25份。
2.根据权利要求1的药物,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,其主要由以下原料制成:
白萝卜14-20份、菊花4-5份、西洋参3-5分、麦冬5-8份、枸杞1-2份、苍术4-5份、藿香4-6份、橘梗10-12份、甘草7-11份、葱白8-9份、马齿苋4-6份、细辛2-3份、桂枝2-3份、薄荷6-8份、八角莲2-3份、大青叶3-8份、观音莲3-5份、香薷4-8份、臭常山10-12份、当归10-14份、榆树皮4-6份、白芷10-12份、独活12-13份、延胡索4-10份、胆南星0.4-0.8份、杏仁10-12份、五味子8-10份、桑叶8-10份、柴胡10-12份、板蓝根15-17份、葛根6-12份、连翘3-5份、白刺根5-6份、决明子6-8份;
对乙酰氨基酚0.04-0.1份、双氯芬酸0.06-0.08份、苯丙酸胺0.08-0.5份、氯苯那敏0.04-0.08份、氮酮0.01-0.03份、苯甲酸0.01-0.05份、月桂香精油0.08-0.1份、聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛10-20份。
3.根据权利要求1或2的药物,其特征在于,以重量份数计,药物还包括:
聚乙烯醇124 3-6份、卡波姆-940 2-6份;
亚油酸0.02-0.04份、丙二醇0.03-0.08份、川芎提取物0.01-0.05份。
4.一种根据权利要求1-3任一项的药物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)、将既定重量份数的西洋参、麦冬、枸杞、苍术、橘梗、甘草、细辛、桂枝、臭常山、当归、榆树皮、白芷、独活、延胡索、杏仁、五味子、柴胡、板蓝根、葛根、连翘、白刺根和决明子于50-80℃的干燥箱中烘干20-24小时后,分别粉碎并混合,得到混合药粉,利用质量为混合药粉8-10倍的乙醇回流提取混合药粉,得到第一提取液;
2)、在回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其4-5倍的水,煎煮1-2小时,将所得煎煮夜过滤、纯化后,得到第二提取液;
3)、将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷、桑叶和胆南星在40-50℃下利用艾烟熏1-2小时,再将经过熏后的药材于质量为其6-8倍的水煎煮提取,并经过滤后,得到第三提取液;
4)、将步骤3)中经过煎煮后的药渣阴干后粉碎,得到药渣末,并将所得的药渣末利用质量为其4-10倍的乙醇回流提取,得到第四提取液;
5)、将第一提取液和第四提取液混合后减压浓缩,得到第一稠膏,将第二提取液和第三混合后减压浓缩,得到第二稠膏;
6)、将第一稠膏、第二稠膏溶于乙醇中,并使得混合稠膏中的含醇量达到30-50%;再加入对乙酰氨基酚、双氯芬酸、苯丙酸胺、氯苯那敏、氮酮、苯甲酸、月桂香精油以及利用乙醇溶解的聚乙烯醇缩甲乙醛,分散均匀,即得。
5.根据权利要求4的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤6)中,还包括向混合稠膏中加入亚油酸、丙二醇、川芎提取物、聚乙烯醇124和卡波姆-940的步骤。
6.根据权利要求5的制备方法,其特征在于,川芎提取物由以下步骤制成:
用质量为川芎根粉末8倍的80%的乙醇回流提取2小时,再利用质量为川芎粉末6倍的75%的乙醇对第一次提取后的川芎粉末回流提取1小时,合并两次提取液,并依次经过减压浓缩和大孔吸附树脂分离。
7.根据权利要求6的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤1)中,混合药粉在回流提取前,先加入质量为其1%-1.5%的蜂蜜后搅拌均匀,然后于50-55℃的条件下烘干2-4小时。
8.根据权利要求7的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤2)中,具体包括:
回流后的混合药粉中加入质量为其4-5倍且温度为40-50℃的水,静置3-4小时,然后以2-5℃/min的速率加热升温至95-100℃,保温1.5小时,将所得煎煮夜静置至常温,依次通过过滤和纯化得到第二提取液。
9.根据权利要求8的制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤3)中,艾烟熏的过程中,具体包括:
将白萝卜、菊花、藿香、葱白、马齿苋、薄荷、八角莲、大青叶、观音莲、香薷和桑叶于40-45℃的条件下利用艾烟熏1.5小时,再加入胆南星后升温至50℃继续熏0.5小时。
10.根据权利要求4-9任一项的制备方法制成的药物在作为涂膜剂并用于预防感冒中的应用。
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