CN109371566B - 一种抗菌辅料制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗菌辅料制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109371566B
CN109371566B CN201811453822.XA CN201811453822A CN109371566B CN 109371566 B CN109371566 B CN 109371566B CN 201811453822 A CN201811453822 A CN 201811453822A CN 109371566 B CN109371566 B CN 109371566B
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fiber web
fiber
antibacterial
cotton
antibacterial agent
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CN109371566A (zh
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陈钦旺
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Lishui Wangwang Food Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

一种抗菌辅料制备方法，通过等离子体处理改善纤维网的亲水性，使得抗菌剂更容易被纤维网所吸收。通过电场对纤维网的处理可以使得纤维网上的纤维单体直立起来，更有利于抗菌剂的浸透和包埋；磁场中磁力线的方向可以与纤维网运行的方向平行，也可以与其垂直，纤维网经过磁场后，施加在纤维网中的纳米磁性颗粒在外部磁场的作用下发生取向作用，使得磁性颗粒的取向更为规整，规则取向的磁性粒子使得辅料具有一定方向的磁场效果，可以改善辅料帖服位置的血液微循环，促进创口的愈合和组织再生。

Description

一种抗菌辅料制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种医用材料制备方法，尤其涉及一种抗菌辅料制备方法。
背景技术
等离子体是物质不同于固态、液态、气态的第四种状态的电离气体。宇宙中 99%的物质以等离子体形式存在。宏观上，等离子体是电中性的，然而，等离子体含有自由电荷而且是导电的。等离子技术是一项具有惊人的潜在应用价值的新兴技术。在医学领域，等离子处理技术可用于伤口愈合，肿瘤治疗，组织工程，设备消毒和手术设。在纺织领域，等离子体可在纺织品基质表面接枝新的功能基团和借助一些活性气体（例如氧气，氮气，氨气或水蒸气）以改善聚合物表面特性。在电子工业领域，等离子体被应用在电子器件的粘结、清洗到半导体的制造过程中。随着等离子体技术的日趋成熟，其应用前景也越来越广阔。
等离子体是1928年由朗格缪尔命名的，最早可追溯到1879年英国的威廉克鲁克斯，其在做气体放电实验时，确认放电管中存在物质的第四态)等离子态"在一定的条件下，物质的各态之间可以相互转化；而物质的不同凝聚态对应着物质组成粒子排列的不同有序程度。因而物质各态之间的转化，实际上是改变物质有序程度的过程。人们从科学实验和生产实际中认识到，只要使每个离子中电子的动能超过原子的电离能时，电子将会脱离原子的束缚而成为自由电子，而原子则因为失去电子而成为带正电的离子，这个过程成为电离。当气体中有足够多的原子被电离后，这种电离的气体已不是原来的气体，而是转化成为新的物质状态，即所谓等离子态。任何由中性粒子组成的普通气体，只要外界供给能量，使其温度升高到足够高时，即可成为等离子体。实验表明，在普通气体中即使0.1%的气体被电离，这种电离气体已具有了很好的等离子体性质；如果有1%的气体被电离，这时等离子体便成为电导率很大的理想导电体"等离子体是由大量的自由电子和高能离子组成，而且在整体上表现准电中性的电离气体，因而其性质与普通气体有很大差异，普通气体中粒子主要进行杂乱的热运动，而在等离子体内，高能粒子除热运动外，还产生了等离子体振荡，特别是当外磁场存在的情况下，等离子体运动受到磁场影响和支配，这是等离子体与普通气体的重要区别。
等离子体放电需要在不同压力条件下进行，因此根据工作气压分为低压等离子体和常压等离子体。低压等离子体需要在低压或者高真空条件下实现，而常压等离子体是指等在大气压条件下产生等离子体的一种放电方式，克服了低压等离子体应用时存在的局限，能够实现对材料的连续化加工和改性。常压等离子体所激发的粒子能量和数量与低压等离子体各不相同，但其产生的大量活性物质作用于材料产生的效果与低压等离子体相似。
为了产生等离子体，必须给气体施加足够的能量，因此根据能量来源将等离子体分为包括直流（DC）、射频（RF）、低频（LF）和微波（MW）等离子体。
随着当代社会对功能性纤维材料的需求不断增加，棉纤维不仅需要具有其最基本的特征，同时也需要具有环境友好的功能，比如自清洁，抗菌，防污等。然而棉织物结构中含有大量的羟基，所以棉织物容易被液体润湿和沾污，很多基础研究和实际应用都在致力于开发具有特殊润湿性的功能型棉织物。目前，人们把荷叶具有的超亲水自清洁功能引入到纺织领域中，通过化学或几何表面改性增加织物表面粗糙度和降低织物表面自由能以制备超亲水棉织物。一般制备超亲水棉织物都需要使用含氟化合物，但长链的含氟化合物通常对人体有害且易造成环境污染。况且一般单体与棉织物之间的化学键作用力比较弱，导致拒水整理后的织物的牢度较低。据研究表明，环状的硅氧烷―四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷不仅能够提高整理后织物的拒水性，而且还能提高织物的柔软度。而在等离子体接枝共聚法中，单体聚合物与纤维之间以共价键结合，从而有利于提高织物的耐洗牢度。因此本论文将等离子体技术与无氟的四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷、甲基丙烯酸十八烷基酯单体相结合，开发出具有超亲水功能的棉纺织品。
普通的棉由棉质纤维材料组成，菌类易在这种纤维上吸着和滋生，普通的棉不具备抑菌杀菌作用，只能起到屏蔽细菌作用。
抗菌棉是将普通的棉进行抗菌整理后得到的。这种整理技术赋予棉纱布材料本身抗菌性能，提高材料自身的抗菌能力，使该材料在屏蔽细菌的同时还可以抵抗或杀灭细菌。由此可以有效的降低棉包扎伤口的伤口感染率。
目前已有的抗菌棉根据使用的抗菌整理剂不同，主要分为两大类：有机抗菌剂整理棉和无机抗菌剂整理棉。其中有机抗菌剂整理棉存在抗菌种类单一，安全性差，微生物易对有机抗菌剂产生耐药性，化学稳定性差，耐热性差等缺点。无机抗菌剂整理棉弥补了上述缺点，具有广谱抗菌，且使用安全性高、化学稳定性强、耐热性好等优点。
现已出现的无机抗菌剂整理棉中，应用银系抗菌剂整理的纱布居多，这些整理剂的分子结构中不存在与棉纤维素分子产生作用力的基团，因此这些抗菌剂都存在与棉纤维纱布的结合牢度低、耐水洗性差的问题。目前存在的银系抗菌整理纱布的整理工艺主要是涂层法，就是在涂层剂中加入适量的抗菌剂，在织物表面进行涂层，然后经烘干和必要的热处理，在织物表面形成一层涂层。该法加工的医用抗菌纱布大多是单面涂层，具有抗菌能力的区域集中在织物的一面，且仅存在于该面织物的表面。同时，涂层法整理后的抗菌棉产品，受整理工艺影响，棉的通透性、手感柔软度都较普通棉差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有较好抗菌性能的辅料制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种抗菌辅料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）：将纤维原料混合、开松，通过自动混棉机混合均匀；将混合后的纤维原料经过预开松机混合，均匀的开松，通过输棉风机输送给下道工序；
2）：将预开松机输送过来的原料经过主开松机的进一步精开，使原料开松的更均匀，再通过输棉风机输送到给棉机储棉仓；
3）：给棉机将开松混合后的纤维原料，定量、均匀地喂入梳理机；梳理机将给棉机输出成型的纤维原料梳理成网，形成均匀的单层纤维网；
4）：铺网机将梳理机输出的单层纤维网经过均匀的铺叠，铺设至所需的厚度的一半时，在每两层纤维网之间施加纳米磁性颗粒后继续铺网，直至所需的厚度以及宽度，连续不断的输送给下道工序；
5）：通过多辊牵伸机，将铺网机层叠的纤维网进行纵向拉伸，使纤维网更具有拉力和弹性，然后输送到等离子体处理部分，使纤维网更容易和后续的抗菌处理过程中施加的抗菌剂粘合；
6）：对多辊牵伸机输送的纤维网进行抗菌剂喷涂处理，将抗菌剂经前、后喷涂箱分别在纤维网的正反面喷涂抗菌剂，前、后喷涂箱内抽真空保持负压状态，使得抗菌剂更容易浸渍到纤维网中；
7）：将喷涂抗菌剂剂后尚未干燥的纤维网在第一引导辊组的引导下经过第一电场处理区域；
8）：将经过第一电场处理区域处理后的纤维网进入低温烘箱进行预烘干，把抗菌剂涂层的表层初步定型、烘干，抗菌剂的里层仍处于半凝固可流动状态；
9）：将经过预烘干的纤维网在第二引导辊组的引导下经过第一磁场处理区域，在外接磁场的作用下对施加在纤维中的纳米磁性颗粒进行取向处理。
10）：将经过第一磁场处理后的纤维网送入烘干机进行烘干、定型处理；通过收卷切边机，将已定型的产品进行切边、裁剪、卷取；
进一步地，所述步骤1）中的纤维原料包括20%的超细保暖纤维、30%的抗菌银离子纤维和50%的其他抗菌纤维。
进一步地，所述步骤3）中梳理机的工艺设置为：锡林速度1000-1200r/min，道夫500-800r/min，工作辊300-500r/min，成网摇屏摆动频率为25-30hz。
进一步地，所述步骤8）中进行预烘干的低温烘箱的烘箱下层为40-60℃，中层为60-80℃，上层为80-100℃；所述步骤10）中进行烘干的烘干机的第一区域温度为120-140℃，第二区域温度为140-160℃，第三区域温度为160-180℃。
进一步地，所述步骤6）中的抗菌剂由80%纯丙烯酸聚合物乳液、1%纳米二氧化钛粉末以及生物抗菌剂混合而成。
进一步地，所述步骤5）中的等离子体处理工艺为高压电源频率为500Hz～800Hz，脉冲宽度为2μs～10μs，电压幅度为-40kV～-60kV，处理时间为40min～60min。
进一步地，所述步骤7）中的第一电场为电容器电场；所述步骤9）中的第一磁场为电磁线圈产生的磁场，磁场中磁力线的方向可以与纤维网运行的方向平行，也可以与其垂直。
本发明的有益效果为：通过在抗菌剂中添加一定的纳米二氧化钛粉末，能够吸收紫外光，纳米级抗菌银离子母粒原生纤维中的银离子在紫外光的照射下通过光催化反应产生的大量羟自由基，由此可以通过活性氧基和银离子同时攻击微生物细胞，破坏细胞壁以及细胞内酶基因，从而提高了杀菌效果，而且通过设置磁性纤维网，其产生的磁场使得银离子的杀菌效果更佳，而且具备磁疗作用。通过等离子体处理改善纤维网的亲水性，使得抗菌剂更容易被纤维网所吸收。材料的亲水性能是由其表面能和表面微观结构共同决定的，可以通过液体与固体表面的接触角来衡量。本发明采用高能离子束轰击复合低能离子束沉积工艺改善纤维网亲水性，首先利用高能离子束对纤维网基体材料进行轰击以产生无规则的微纳米突起结构，这种突起结构由于高低错落有致且根部较粗，与抗菌剂结合更牢固，微纳突起结构的产生可以增加材料表面的粗糙度，提高材料表面与抗菌剂的接触角，以增加抗菌剂与纤维网基体间的附着力，以减小材料表面的表面能，进一步改善材料与抗菌剂的亲和性。通过电场对纤维网的处理可以使得纤维网上的纤维单体直立起来，更有利于抗菌剂的浸透和包埋；在抗菌剂未完全凝固的情况下使涂覆有抗菌剂的纤维网经过磁场处理，磁场中磁力线的方向可以与纤维网运行的方向平行，也可以与其垂直，纤维网经过磁场后，施加在纤维网中的纳米磁性颗粒在外部磁场的作用下发生取向作用，使得磁性颗粒的取向更为规整，规则取向的磁性粒子使得辅料具有一定方向的磁场效果，可以改善辅料帖服位置的血液微循环，促进创口的愈合和组织再生。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，对本方案进行阐述。
实施方式一
一种抗菌辅料制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1）：将纤维原料混合、开松，通过自动混棉机混合均匀；将混合后的纤维原料经过预开松机混合，均匀的开松，通过输棉风机输送给下道工序；
2）：将预开松机输送过来的原料经过主开松机的进一步精开，使原料开松的更均匀，再通过输棉风机输送到给棉机储棉仓；
3）：给棉机将开松混合后的纤维原料，定量、均匀地喂入梳理机；梳理机将给棉机输出成型的纤维原料梳理成网，形成均匀的单层纤维网；
4）：铺网机将梳理机输出的单层纤维网经过均匀的铺叠，铺设至所需的厚度的一半时，在每两层纤维网之间施加纳米磁性颗粒后继续铺网，直至所需的厚度以及宽度，连续不断的输送给下道工序；
5）：通过多辊牵伸机，将铺网机层叠的纤维网进行纵向拉伸，使纤维网更具有拉力和弹性，然后输送到等离子体处理部分，使纤维网更容易和后续的抗菌处理过程中施加的抗菌剂粘合；
6）：对多辊牵伸机输送的纤维网进行抗菌剂喷涂处理，将抗菌剂经前、后喷涂箱分别在纤维网的正反面喷涂抗菌剂，前、后喷涂箱内抽真空保持负压状态，使得抗菌剂更容易浸渍到纤维网中；
7）：将喷涂抗菌剂剂后尚未干燥的纤维网在第一引导辊组的引导下经过第一电场处理区域；
8）：将经过第一电场处理区域处理后的纤维网进入低温烘箱进行预烘干，把抗菌剂涂层的表层初步定型、烘干，抗菌剂的里层仍处于半凝固可流动状态；
9）：将经过预烘干的纤维网在第二引导辊组的引导下经过第一磁场处理区域，在外接磁场的作用下对施加在纤维中的纳米磁性颗粒进行取向处理。
10）：将经过第一磁场处理后的纤维网送入烘干机进行烘干、定型处理；通过收卷切边机，将已定型的产品进行切边、裁剪、卷取；
进一步地，所述步骤1）中的纤维原料包括20%的超细保暖纤维、30%的抗菌银离子纤维和50%的其他抗菌纤维。
进一步地，所述步骤3）中梳理机的工艺设置为：锡林速度1000r/min，道夫500r/min，工作辊300r/min，成网摇屏摆动频率为25hz。
进一步地，所述步骤8）中进行预烘干的低温烘箱的烘箱下层为40℃，中层为60℃，上层为80℃；所述步骤10）中进行烘干的烘干机的第一区域温度为120℃，第二区域温度为140℃，第三区域温度为160℃。
进一步地，所述步骤6）中的抗菌剂由80%纯丙烯酸聚合物乳液、1%纳米二氧化钛粉末以及生物抗菌剂混合而成。
进一步地，所述步骤5）中的等离子体处理工艺为高压电源频率为500HzHz，脉冲宽度为2μs，电压幅度为-40kV，处理时间为40min。
进一步地，所述步骤7）中的第一电场为电容器电场；所述步骤9）中的第一磁场为电磁线圈产生的磁场，磁场中磁力线的方向可以与纤维网运行的方向平行。
通过在抗菌剂中添加一定的纳米二氧化钛粉末，能够吸收紫外光，纳米级抗菌银离子母粒原生纤维中的银离子在紫外光的照射下通过光催化反应产生的大量羟自由基，由此可以通过活性氧基和银离子同时攻击微生物细胞，破坏细胞壁以及细胞内酶基因，从而提高了杀菌效果，而且通过设置磁性纤维网，其产生的磁场使得银离子的杀菌效果更佳，而且具备磁疗作用。
通过等离子体处理改善纤维网的亲水性，使得抗菌剂更容易被纤维网所吸收。材料的亲水性能是由其表面能和表面微观结构共同决定的，可以通过液体与固体表面的接触角来衡量。本发明采用高能离子束轰击复合低能离子束沉积工艺改善纤维网亲水性，首先利用高能离子束对纤维网基体材料进行轰击以产生无规则的微纳米突起结构，这种突起结构由于高低错落有致且根部较粗，与抗菌剂结合更牢固，微纳突起结构的产生可以增加材料表面的粗糙度，提高材料表面与抗菌剂的接触角，以增加抗菌剂与纤维网基体间的附着力，以减小材料表面的表面能，进一步改善材料与抗菌剂的亲和性。
通过电场对纤维网的处理可以使得纤维网上的纤维单体直立起来，更有利于抗菌剂的浸透和包埋；在抗菌剂未完全凝固的情况下使涂覆有抗菌剂的纤维网经过磁场处理，磁场中磁力线的方向可以与纤维网运行的方向平行，也可以与其垂直，纤维网经过磁场后，施加在纤维网中的纳米磁性颗粒在外部磁场的作用下发生取向作用，使得磁性颗粒的取向更为规整，规则取向的磁性粒子使得辅料具有一定方向的磁场效果，可以改善辅料帖服位置的血液微循环，促进创口的愈合和组织再生。

Claims (1)

1.一种抗菌辅料制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）：将纤维原料混合、开松，通过自动混棉机混合均匀；将混合后的纤维原料经过预开松机混合，均匀的开松，通过输棉风机输送给下道工序；
2）：将预开松机输送过来的原料经过主开松机的进一步精开，使原料开松的更均匀，再通过输棉风机输送到给棉机储棉仓；
3）：给棉机将开松混合后的纤维原料，定量、均匀地喂入梳理机；梳理机将给棉机输出成型的纤维原料梳理成网，形成均匀的单层纤维网；
4）：铺网机将梳理机输出的单层纤维网经过均匀的铺叠，铺设至所需的厚度的一半时，在每两层纤维网之间施加纳米磁性颗粒后继续铺网，直至所需的厚度以及宽度，连续不断的输送给下道工序；
5）：通过多辊牵伸机，将铺网机层叠的纤维网进行纵向拉伸，使纤维网更具有拉力和弹性，然后输送到等离子体处理部分，使纤维网更容易和后续的抗菌处理过程中施加的抗菌剂粘合；
6）：对多辊牵伸机输送的纤维网进行抗菌剂喷涂处理，将抗菌剂经前、后喷涂箱分别在纤维网的正反面喷涂抗菌剂，前、后喷涂箱内抽真空保持负压状态，使得抗菌剂更容易浸渍到纤维网中；
7）：将喷涂抗菌剂后尚未干燥的纤维网在第一引导辊组的引导下经过第一电场处理区域；
8）：将经过第一电场处理区域处理后的纤维网进入低温烘箱进行预烘干，把抗菌剂涂层的表层初步定型、烘干，抗菌剂的里层仍处于半凝固可流动状态；
9）：将经过预烘干的纤维网在第二引导辊组的引导下经过第一磁场处理区域，在外接磁场的作用下对施加在纤维中的纳米磁性颗粒进行取向处理；
10）：将经过第一磁场处理后的纤维网送入烘干机进行烘干、定型处理；通过收卷切边机，将已定型的产品进行切边、裁剪、卷取；
所述步骤1）中的纤维原料包括20%的超细保暖纤维、30%的抗菌银离子纤维和50%的其他抗菌纤维；
所述步骤3）中梳理机的工艺设置为：锡林速度1000r/min，道夫500r/min，工作辊300r/min，成网摇屏摆动频率为25hz。
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