CN109369112B - Grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109369112B CN109369112B CN201811529421.8A CN201811529421A CN109369112B CN 109369112 B CN109369112 B CN 109369112B CN 201811529421 A CN201811529421 A CN 201811529421A CN 109369112 B CN109369112 B CN 109369112B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a grass planting concrete structure based on a herbaceous root system configuration and a preparation method thereof, wherein the grass planting concrete is composed of a grass planting concrete multilayer structure and is divided into 2-4 layers according to the natural growth rule of root system density and root diameter, the total thickness is 10-15cm, and the porosity of the grass planting concrete is 10-35%. The grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 113-313 parts of cement, 1421-1568 parts of coarse aggregate, 113-313 parts of fine aggregate, 2-10 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.23-0.63 part of water reducing agent and 29-95 parts of water. The preparation method of the invention comprehensively considers the microscopic structure characteristics and the physiological growth characteristic parameters of vegetation, is helpful for providing scientific and good growth space and growth conditions for the growth of plant roots, improves the growth vigor and coverage rate of herbaceous plants in concrete, improves the tensile, bending and anti-filtration properties of concrete, and forms a herbaceous-concrete-soil complex body which adapts to the natural growth rule of plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological engineering technology, in particular to a grass planting concrete structure based on a herbaceous root system configuration and a preparation method thereof, wherein the grass planting concrete structure follows the natural growth rule of herbaceous root systems.
Background
Under the background of extremely difficult ecological construction tasks in China at present, ecological protection of engineering measures by applying biological measures is more and more urgent, so that popularization and application of ecological technologies and products combining concrete and herbaceous plants have great application prospects, space and markets.
Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, the concept of ecological concrete was proposed by the japan society of concrete engineering, and researchers mainly studied the macro-physical, mechanical and vegetation performances of grass planting concrete at present. The grass planting concrete is a special concrete material, the concrete with random large porosity is used as a framework, the nutrient soil is injected into the pores of the concrete, the root systems of the grass grow in the pores of the concrete, and the plants and the concrete are integrated into a whole to form the environment-friendly ecological concrete with certain strength and vegetation coverage.
With the development of social ecological civilization construction and the direction of people to good life, the grass planting concrete is applied to river slope protection engineering in the fields of water conservancy, traffic, rock-soil mines, national soil, municipal administration and the like. However, compared with herbs naturally growing in the soil environment, the grass planting concrete has a special random pore structure, which has a certain restriction effect on the growth of the herbs. The mechanical strength and the structural pores of the grass planting concrete are mutually contradictory, and when the grain diameter and the pores are pursued to be large, the grass planting concrete is beneficial to plant growth, but the compressive strength and the flexural strength are reduced; small particle size, small pores and increased strength, but can not meet the requirement of plant root growth, so that the survival rate and growth vigor of herbs are reduced, and the overall performance of the herb-concrete-soil complex is weakened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grass planting concrete structure which follows the natural growth rule of a herbaceous root system, can meet the requirements of engineering strength, greening and ecological regulation functions and effects, has easily layered structure, strong compression resistance, bending resistance and bending resistance, simple and convenient construction, high efficiency and environmental protection and is based on the herbaceous root system configuration.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the grass planting concrete structure based on the configuration of the grass root system.
The first object of the present invention is achieved by:
a grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration, the characteristic is: the grass planting concrete is composed of a multilayer random hole structure, the particle size of coarse aggregate from the upper layer to the lower layer is gradually reduced, and meanwhile, the porosity of the grass planting concrete is reduced from 35% to 10%, so that the multilayer structure grass planting concrete adaptive to the natural growth rule of herbaceous plants is formed.
According to the natural growth rule of root system density and root diameter, the total thickness of the grass planting concrete is 10-15cm, the grass planting concrete is divided into 2-4 layers from the longitudinal section, when the grass planting concrete is divided into 2 layers, the thickness ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer is 1:2-1: 1; when the layers are divided into 3 layers, the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1.5:2: 1; when the layer is divided into 4 layers, the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle lower layer and the lower layer is 2.5:2:2: 1; the porosity of the grass planting concrete is 10-35%.
According to the natural growth rule of herbaceous plants with the root diameters, the particle sizes of the coarse aggregates are prepared from large to small in the depth direction, the porosity of the grass planting concrete is controlled to be 30-35% according to the herbaceous natural rule, the particle sizes of the coarse aggregates on the upper layer are large and concentrated, the coarse aggregates with large particle sizes are used for preparing the porous concrete, the particle sizes of the coarse aggregates are adjusted according to the change of the number of root systems on the middle layer or the lower layer, the porosity of the grass planting concrete on the middle layer is 15-30%, and the porosity of the grass planting concrete on the lower layer is 10-15%.
The herbaceous plant natural growth law for the density that accords with herbaceous plant root system reduces along with the increase of degree of depth gradually, and the root footpath size reduces along with the increase of degree of depth gradually to the root system concentrates the degree difference, and the most root system of the herbage of generally shorter root system concentrates on within 10-15cm in upper portion, and the most root system of herbage of longer root system concentrates on within 30-60cm in upper portion.
The grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 113-313 parts of cement, 1421-1568 parts of coarse aggregate, 113-313 parts of fine aggregate, 2-10 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.23-0.63 part of water reducing agent and 29-95 parts of water.
The cement is R42.5 ordinary portland cement.
The coarse aggregate is artificial macadam and natural pebbles, the particle size is 10-40 mm, and the coarse aggregate with large particle size is 30-40 mm.
The fine aggregate is natural sand or artificial sand.
The enhancer is one of the following materials: epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester and acrylic emulsion.
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
The second object of the invention is achieved by:
a preparation method of a grass planting concrete structure based on a grass root system configuration is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding the lower-layer same-grade coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring;
(2) adding cement and continuously dry-mixing for 30s to ensure that the material is uniformly distributed;
(3) finally adding water, a reinforcer and a water reducer, stirring for 120s, and stirring for 3.5 min;
(4) flattening the surface of the lower layer concrete tightly attached to the foundation by adopting a template or vibrating and flattening for a short time;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) on the upper layer of the lower layer, constructing in running water, and paving layer by layer until the upper layer is reached;
(6) mixing natural soil, plant ash, long-acting compound fertilizer and water according to the weight ratio of 1000: 30: 0.5: mixing at a ratio of 600, stirring uniformly, preparing into pasty nutrient soil with proper fluidity, and pouring the pasty liquid into pores of the grass planting concrete by using a water pump; and pouring;
(7) sowing and laying plants;
(8) and watering and maintaining in the early stage to finally obtain the grass planting concrete structure.
The grass planting concrete structure of the invention takes the grass planting concrete with random large porosity as a framework, the nutrient soil is injected into the pores of the grass planting concrete, the root system of the grass grows in the pores of the grass planting concrete, and the plant and the grass planting concrete are integrated into a whole to form the environment-friendly ecological concrete with certain strength and vegetation coverage. The preparation method comprehensively considers the microscopic structure characteristics of the concrete pore structure, the porosity, the number of pores, the discrete degree and the like and the physiological growth characteristic parameters of vegetation, is favorable for providing scientific and good growth space and growth conditions for the growth of plant roots, improves the growth vigor and coverage rate of herbaceous plants in the concrete, improves the compression resistance, the folding resistance, the bending resistance and the anti-filtration performance of the concrete, and forms a 'herbaceous-concrete-soil' complex body which adapts to the natural growth rule of plants.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects:
1. the multilayer grass planting concrete structure has the natural characteristic of conforming to the growth of plants, is more suitable for the growth of plants, can improve the organic combination of the grass root systems in the grass planting concrete and the grass planting concrete, greatly improves the overall mechanical property and the strength of the grass planting concrete, gives consideration to the functions of plant growth and safety, simultaneously plays a certain role in reverse filtration, and increases the soil conservation of a bank slope. The technical problems that the strength of the existing grass planting concrete is not high, the planting effect is poor, and herbs are difficult to penetrate to a base layer are solved, the technology of reducing the growth resistance is broken through, meanwhile, the thickness of the grass planting concrete can be increased, and the multiple structures are reasonably prepared to enhance the performances of compression resistance, tensile resistance, reverse filtration and the like;
2. the structure of the grass planting concrete of the invention follows the hole structure characteristics of the natural growth rule of the grass roots, the physiological environment of the plant growth is obviously improved, the growth activity of the plant is improved, the survival rate, the coverage rate and the growth vigor of the grass planting in the grass planting concrete are finally improved, the natural connection between water and the bank is maintained, and the biological diversity is maintained;
3. the invention has simple structure, can adopt cast-in-place or prefabricated form, is easy to construct, is beneficial to production streamline and large-scale, and can be widely applied to ecological slope management of water conservancy, traffic, rock-soil mines, national soil, municipal administration and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the construction of a grass planting concrete suitable for a long fibrous root type;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the construction of a grass planting concrete suitable for a short fibrous root type;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the construction of a grass planting concrete suitable for the straight root type.
Detailed Description
In order to make the content of the present invention more understandable, the following embodiments are further detailed to describe the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to different herbal embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1:
aiming at longer fibrous root type herbaceous plants such as vetiver grass and goosegrass, no obvious main root type exists, the number density of roots is concentrated within 40cm, and the fibrous roots in the thickness range of grass planting concrete except the upper layer are distributed more uniformly.
The total thickness of the grass planting concrete is 12cm, the grass planting concrete is divided into 2 layers, the upper layer is 4cm, and the lower layer is 8 cm.
In fig. 1, the upper layer 1 is a grass planting concrete layer with large-particle-size coarse aggregate, the lower layer 4 is a grass planting concrete layer with medium-and small-particle-size coarse aggregate, grass bodies 7 are planted in the grass planting concrete 8, and long root systems 10 penetrate through the lower layer of the grass planting concrete and enter the soil layer 11 through the pores 9 of the grass planting concrete.
The porosity of the grass planting concrete of the upper layer 1 is controlled to be 35%, large-particle-size coarse aggregate of 30-40 mm is adopted, the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the lower layer 4 is controlled to be 10-15%, and medium-particle-size coarse aggregate of 10-20 mm is adopted.
The upper layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 113 parts of cement, 1568 parts of coarse aggregate, 113 parts of fine aggregate, 10 parts of enhancer, 0.23 part of water reducer and 29 parts of water. The lower-layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 262 to 313 portions of cement, 1450 portions of coarse aggregate, 262 to 313 portions of fine aggregate, 2 to 4 portions of reinforcer, 0.52 to 0.63 portion of water reducer and 80 to 95 portions of water.
Example 2
For short fibrous root type herbaceous plants such as Bermuda grass and Festuca arundinacea, the root number density of the root system is concentrated in the range of 2-6 cm.
The total thickness of the grass planting concrete is 13cm and is divided into 3 layers, and the layering thicknesses are 4cm at the upper layer, 6cm at the middle layer and 3cm at the lower layer respectively.
In fig. 2, the upper layer 1 is a grass planting concrete layer with large grain size and coarse aggregate, the middle layer 2 is a grass planting concrete layer with medium grain size and coarse aggregate, the lower layer 3 is a grass planting concrete layer with small grain size and coarse aggregate, the grass planting concrete 8 is planted in the grass body 7, and the short root system 10 of the grass partially penetrates through the lower layer of the grass planting concrete and enters the soil layer 11 through the hole 9 of the grass planting concrete.
The porosity of the grass planting concrete of the upper layer 1 is controlled to be 30%, large-particle-size coarse aggregate of 30-35 mm is adopted, the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the middle layer 2 is controlled to be 15-20%, medium-particle-size coarse aggregate of 10-20 mm is adopted, the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the lower layer 3 is controlled to be 10-15%, and small-particle-size coarse aggregate of 10mm is adopted.
The upper layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 117 parts of cement, 1568 parts of coarse aggregate, 117 parts of fine aggregate, 10 parts of enhancer, 0.23 part of water reducer and 36 parts of water. The middle-layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 211 to 262 parts of cement, 1450 parts of coarse aggregate, 211 to 262 parts of fine aggregate, 4 to 6 parts of reinforcer, 0.42 to 0.52 part of water reducer and 64 to 80 parts of water. The lower-layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 262 to 313 portions of cement, 1421 portion of coarse aggregate, 262 to 313 portions of fine aggregate, 2 to 3 portions of reinforcer, 0.52 to 0.63 portion of water reducer and 80 to 95 portions of water.
Example 3:
for taproot type herbaceous plants such as alfalfa. The root density of the root system is concentrated in the range of 0-10 cm.
The total thickness of the grass planting concrete is 15cm and is divided into 4 layers, and the layering thicknesses are 5cm at the upper layer, 4cm at the middle lower layer and 2cm at the bottom layer respectively.
In fig. 3, the upper layer 1 is a grass planting concrete layer with large-particle-size coarse aggregate, the middle upper layer 5 is a grass planting concrete layer with medium-particle-size coarse aggregate, the middle upper layer 6 is a grass planting concrete layer with medium-particle-size coarse aggregate, the lower layer 3 is a grass planting concrete layer with small-particle-size coarse aggregate, the grass planting concrete 8 is planted by the grass body 7, and the short root system 10 of the grass partially penetrates through the lower layer of the grass planting concrete and enters the soil layer 11 through the pores 9 of the grass planting concrete.
Controlling the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the upper layer 1 at 30%, and adopting large-particle-size coarse aggregate of 30-35 mm; the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the middle and upper layers 5 is controlled at 25 percent, and coarse aggregate with medium and small grain diameter of 15 mm-25 mm is adopted; the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the middle and lower layers 6 is controlled at 20 percent, and coarse aggregate with medium and small grain diameter of 10 mm-20 mm is adopted; the porosity of the grass planting concrete of the lower layer 3 is controlled to be 10-15%, and coarse aggregate with a small particle size of 10mm is adopted.
The upper layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 117 parts of cement, 1568 parts of coarse aggregate, 117 parts of fine aggregate, 10 parts of enhancer, 0.23 part of water reducer and 36 parts of water. The middle and upper layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 170 parts of cement, 1480 parts of coarse aggregate, 170 parts of fine aggregate, 5 parts of enhancer, 0.34 part of water reducer and 52 parts of water. The middle and lower layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 211 parts of cement, 1450 parts of coarse aggregate, 211 parts of fine aggregate, 5 parts of enhancer, 0.42 part of water reducer and 64 parts of water. The lower-layer grass planting concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 262 to 313 portions of cement, 1421 portion of coarse aggregate, 262 to 313 portions of fine aggregate, 2 to 3 portions of reinforcer, 0.52 to 0.63 portion of water reducer and 80 to 95 portions of water.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration which characterized in that: the total thickness of the grass planting concrete is 10-15cm, and the grass planting concrete is divided into 2-4 layers from the longitudinal section: when the layer is divided into 2 layers, the thickness ratio of the upper layer to the lower layer is 1:2-1: 1; when the layers are divided into 3 layers, the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle layer and the lower layer is 1.5:2: 1; when the layer is divided into 4 layers, the thickness ratio of the upper layer, the middle lower layer and the lower layer is 2.5:2:2: 1; the porosity of the grass planting concrete is 10-35%, the particle size of the coarse aggregate from the upper layer to the lower layer is gradually reduced, meanwhile, the porosity of the grass planting concrete is reduced to 10% from 35%, the porosity of the grass planting concrete at the upper layer is controlled to be 30-35%, the porosity of the grass planting concrete at the middle layer is 15-30%, and the porosity of the grass planting concrete at the lower layer is 10-15%;
the preparation steps of the grass planting concrete structure are as follows:
(1) adding the lower-layer same-grade coarse aggregate and fine aggregate into a stirrer, and uniformly stirring;
(2) adding cement and continuously dry-mixing for 30s to ensure that the material is uniformly distributed;
(3) finally adding water, a reinforcer and a water reducer, stirring for 120s, and stirring for 3.5 min;
(4) flattening the surface of the lower layer concrete tightly attached to the foundation by adopting a template or vibrating and flattening for a short time;
(5) repeating the steps (1) to (4) on the upper layer of the lower layer, constructing in running water, and paving layer by layer until the upper layer is reached;
(6) mixing natural soil, plant ash, long-acting compound fertilizer and water according to the weight ratio of 1000: 30: 0.5: mixing at a ratio of 600, stirring uniformly, preparing into pasty nutrient soil with proper fluidity, and pouring the pasty liquid into pores of the grass planting concrete by using a water pump; and pouring;
(7) sowing and laying plants;
(8) and watering and maintaining in the early stage to finally obtain the grass planting concrete structure.
2. A grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grass planting concrete consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 113-313 parts of cement, 1421-1568 parts of coarse aggregate, 113-313 parts of fine aggregate, 2-10 parts of reinforcing agent, 0.23-0.63 part of water reducing agent and 29-95 parts of water.
3. A grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the cement is R42.5 ordinary portland cement.
4. A grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the coarse aggregate is artificial macadam and natural pebbles, the particle size is 10-40 mm, and the coarse aggregate with large particle size is 30-40 mm.
5. A grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the fine aggregate is natural sand or artificial sand.
6. A grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the enhancer is one of the following materials: epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester and acrylic emulsion.
7. A grass planting concrete structure based on herbaceous root system configuration as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
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| CN110092620B (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2021-09-07 | 重庆交通大学 | Plant-growing concrete with built-in nutrient soil |
| CN111926766A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-13 | 上海崇明水利工程有限公司 | Soil erosion and water loss prevention type revetment structure |
| CN112012166B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2021-04-13 | 南昌工程学院 | Prefabricated pocket grass planting concrete prefabricated part and construction method |
| CN112723844B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-03-04 | 南京交通职业技术学院 | Light plant-growing type porous concrete prefabricated part and preparation method thereof |
| CN113605310A (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2021-11-05 | 深圳市绿志新型建材研究院有限公司 | Ecological riverbed prefabricated slab and preparation method thereof |
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| DE102004020217B4 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2006-02-09 | natürlichSTEIN GmbH & Co. KG | Grass paver |
| JP2007195455A (en) * | 2006-01-26 | 2007-08-09 | Kubota Matsushitadenko Exterior Works Ltd | Planting body and parking lot |
| CN106906832A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-06-30 | 合肥工业大学 | Double layer concrete ecological revetment and its laying method |
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