CN109364995A - 高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:A:高分散石墨烯的制备:B:高分散的石墨烯活化Fe‑MOF电极材料的制备:C:电化学传感器的制备。高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料化学传感器的应用,方法如下:(1)将高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器作为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,铂丝电极作为辅助电极,组成三电极体系;将三电极体系置于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中;在‑0.40V恒电位下,向的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中依次加入双氧水溶液。本发明一种简单、准确、低价、检测快速的电化学传感器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料的非酶双氧水电化学传感器的制备方法,属于化学领域。
背景技术
H2O2参与了许多重要的生物及化学反应,并在许多领域发挥了重要作用,例如,食品、制药、工业和环境分析。因此,有必要建立一种可靠的、灵敏的、快速的、实时的检测H2O2的方法。在电化学方法中,电化学传感器与酶的参与会加速电极与H2O2之间的电子转移。然而,在基于酶的传感器中存在一些常见问题,如实验材料昂贵、电极稳定性差、操作环境要求苛刻、电极制备固定程序复杂、酶容易变质等等。而非酶双氧水电化学传感器能够避免酶电化学传感器的一些不足, 将会有更大的发展空间,使其具有更好的灵敏度,更高的选择性和准确度。
石墨烯由于其较好的生物兼容环境,高的电子传导性以及较多的化学活性位点,受到科研工作者极大地重视;但石墨烯在水溶液及有机溶剂中具有较低的分散度,容易团聚成大颗粒,这不仅降低了石墨烯与其它材料进行复合的活性位点,还能影响了石墨烯与其它材料间的相互作用,不能有效改善复合材料的催化性能。因此有必要继续探索高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架的制备方法,以充分发挥石墨烯在复合材料中的优异性能,以制备高灵敏的非酶双氧水电化学传感器。
Fe基金属有机骨架电极材料具有较高的比电容量,并且Fe3+属于硬路易斯酸,与羧基具有较强的结合力,结构稳定性较强,是一类新颖的电极材料,但由于MOF材料自身的局限性,如颗粒较大,不易均匀分散,导电率较低,稳定性差,限制了其在电化学传感器中的应用。理想的策略是与导电性能较好的材料复合以改善其局限性。石墨烯是一种由碳原子构成的单层片状纳米结构材料,具有高的比表面积(2630 m2/g)和高的电子传输效率。相关研究证明:将MOF材料复合在石墨烯上,可以有效的抑制MOF颗粒的团聚;同时MOF材料在石墨烯上可以有效的改善该复合物的性能,体现出它们的协同效应。目前,在专利(CN105355873B)中公开了一些将Fe基MOF材料与石墨烯复合制备电极材料的报道,通过N,N-二甲基甲酰胺有机或去离子水溶解直接分散石墨烯,再与Fe3+和对苯二甲酸混合,经过水热反应制备了Fe金属有机骨架(Fe-MOF)/石墨烯电极材料并应用于锂离子电池中。然而,石墨烯在水溶液及有机溶剂中具有较低的分散度,容易团聚成大颗粒,石墨烯优异的性能不能充分的体现出来。因此有必要继续探索高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架的制备方法,以充分发挥石墨烯在复合材料中的优异性能,并应用于电化学传感器中。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料的电化学传感器的制备方法及应用。
为实现本发明的目的,采用了下述的技术方案:高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料非酶双氧水电化学传感器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A:高分散石墨烯的制备:本步骤中所用到的各物料采用下述量或采用与下述量相同的比例,100 mL~300 mL等体积量的1 mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液与0.5 wt%壳聚糖溶液均匀混合,直到得到均匀的棕黄色的溶液,随后,将溶液转移至80ºC~95 ºC的水浴中,剧烈搅拌4h~6 h, 直到溶液颜色由棕黄色完全转变成黑色,所的产物经离心分离,水洗2~3次,无水乙醇洗涤2~3次,所得物于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声分散,超声功率和频率分别为100W和40 KHz,得到壳聚糖功能化的石墨烯;
B:高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料的制备:在步骤A得到的高分散石墨烯中加入Fe(NO3)3·9H2O 200mg~400 mg、有机配体对苯二甲酸200mg~500 mg、PVP 1g ~2g,室温下搅拌均匀,转移至反应釜中,反应温度控制在90℃~110℃下保持10 h~12 h,经离心分离、无水乙醇洗涤,30℃~60℃下真空干燥,制得高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料;
C:电化学传感器的制备:将步骤B所得到的高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料:石墨粉:石蜡油按质量比为0.5:2:0.8取料,搅拌混合约1h~2h,直到形成均匀的碳糊状物;取该碳糊填入玻璃管内径为3 mm的玻璃管,从另一端部插入一根铜线作为电极连接体;得到高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器。
进一步的;步骤B中得到的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料中的石墨烯的质量百分含量为wt7.34%~11.2%。
进一步的;步骤A离心分离时转速为3000~4000 rmp。
高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料化学传感器的应用,采用上述制得的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器,所述的电化学传感器直接用于电化学检测双氧水,其应用方法如下:
(1)将所制备的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器作为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,参比电机的填充液为3 M的KCl,铂丝电极作为辅助电极,组成三电极体系;
(2)测定时,首先将三电极体系置于10 mL的0.1 M 、pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中;然后在-0.40V恒电位下,记录电流-时间曲线,当背景电流已稳定,在搅拌下,用微量进样器向10mL的0.1 M 、pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中依次加入双氧水溶液,根据电流可得到双氧水浓度。
本发明的积极有益效果在于:一是提供了一种新方法,制备了一种高分散石墨烯活化Fe-MOF复合新材料,与纯的石墨烯相比,高分散石墨烯活化Fe-MOF复合材料具有新的性质;二是本方法所使用的壳聚糖同时提供实现石墨烯的还原和高分散,避免使用有毒的还原剂(如水合肼等),条件温和,环境友好;三是本方法所使用的PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮),有效阻止Fe-MOF六角双锥的团聚,实现Fe-MOF六角双锥均匀负载在高分散石墨烯上。制备方法简单,生产成本低廉;四是本发明得到的是非酶双氧水电化学传感器,在检测双氧水时,操作简单,响应迅速,可重复性好,价格低廉,具有更低的检测限和更好的选择性,经实际检验本发明的传感器检测限达到了0.5 μM,相对于现有公布的同类MOF传感器检测限提升5倍左右,所以本方法不仅制备过程简单,而且最后得到的电化学传感器性能优越,本电化学传感器在用于双氧水检测过程中不需要繁琐的萃取步骤,是一种简单、准确、低价、检测快速的电化学传感器,在食品、药品、试剂,卫生行业,特别是双氧水浓度检测的临床诊断等方面具有较好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1中 a为氧化石墨烯分散液, b为本发明所制备的高分散石墨烯分散液,c为未表面功能化的石墨烯分散液。
图2时 Fe-MOF的扫描电镜图。
图3是高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料的扫描电镜图。
图4为本发明的传感器在pH 7.0双氧水的0.1 M的磷酸盐的底液中及该底液中含有10.0 mM 的循环伏安图。
图5为石墨烯修饰碳糊电极、Fe-MOF修饰碳糊电极、裸碳糊电极含有10.0 mM双氧水的pH 7.0、0.1 M的磷酸盐的底液中的循环伏安图。
图6为本发明制备的非酶双氧水电化学传感器在搅拌下于0.1 M的磷酸盐(pH7.0)的底液中依次加入标记浓度的双氧水溶液的电流-时间曲线。
图7是使用本发明制备的非酶双氧水电化学传感器测定的双氧水浓度与其电流的线性关系图。
图8为采用本发明制备的电化学传感器加入不同浓度的双氧水和氨基乙酸(Glycine)、抗坏血酸(MAA)、尿酸 (MUA)、葡萄糖(glucose)干扰物时产生的电流-时间曲线图。
具体实施方式
为了便于对比,本实施例中进行了Fe基金属有机骨架的制备:将Fe(NO3)3·9H2O200 mg,有机配体对苯二甲酸400 mg, PVP 1g加入到溶剂N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,室温下搅拌均匀,转移至反应釜中,反应温度控制在100℃下保持11 h,经离心、无水乙醇洗涤3次,30℃下真空干燥,得到形貌规则的六角双锥Fe-MOF;对合成的材料采用扫描电子显微镜进行了形貌表征,如图2所示。图2清晰地显示了形貌规则的六角双锥Fe-MOF结构,说明本发明采用的合成方法很好的保持了Fe-MOF的典型结构。
本发明所提供的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料的非酶双氧水电化学传感器的制备方法,其步骤如下:
A:高分散石墨烯的制备:首先配制1 mg/mL的氧化石墨烯水溶液100 mL。将脱乙酰化为75%的壳聚糖粉末加入冰醋酸(1 wt%)中,剧烈搅拌,使其完全溶解,然后调节溶液pH 5~6,配得壳聚糖溶液(0.5 wt%)100 mL。随后将1 mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液与0.5 wt%壳聚糖溶液等体积超声混合均匀,直到得到一均匀的棕黄色的溶液。随后,将溶液转移至90 ºC的水浴中,剧烈搅拌5 h, 直到溶液颜色由棕黄色完全转变成黑色。最后,所得产物经4000 rmp的转速离心,水洗3次,无水乙醇洗涤2次,再于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声分散(超声功率和频率分别为100W和40 KHz),既得到1mg/mL壳聚糖功能化的石墨烯(即高分散石墨烯)分散液。如图1所示时静置了7天的分散液,图1清晰地说明本发明所制备的高分散石墨烯分散液能稳定存在。
B:高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料的制备:在步骤A得到的高分散石墨烯中加入Fe(NO3)3·9H2O 200 mg,有机配体对苯二甲酸400 mg, PVP 1g,室温下搅拌均匀,转移至反应釜中,反应温度控制在100℃下保持11 h,经离心、无水乙醇洗涤,30℃下真空干燥,制得高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料;对合成的复合材料采用扫描电子显微镜进行了形貌表征,如图3所示。图3清晰地显示了形貌规则的六角双锥Fe-MOF结构,说明本发明采用的合成方法很好的保持了Fe-MOF的典型结构,且分散均匀的在石墨烯表面,大大提高了复合材料的比表面积,为电催化双氧水提供了很大的真实面积;
(4) 电化学传感器的制备,即本发明的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料的电化学传感器的制备,将步骤B得到的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料0.25 g、1.0 g石墨粉和0.4石蜡油于研钵中手动研磨1 h, 混合均匀,将石蜡油加入到上述混合物中研磨混合约1小时,形成均一的碳糊;将碳糊填充于一支玻璃管的末端(直径为3mm, 长5 cm),另一端插入铜线提供电接触,即可得到高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料修饰的碳糊电极,即本发明的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器。
本发明制备的电化学传感器的用途及使用方法:
①该电化学传感器的用途是直接用于双氧水的电化学测定;
②将本发明制备的电化学传感器作为工作电极,Ag/AgCl (填充液3 M的KCl)为参比电极、铂丝电极为辅助电极,组成三电极系统;测定双氧水时将三电极系统放于10 mL,0.1 M(pH 7.0)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中;然后在工作电极上施加一定恒电位,记录电流-时间曲线,当背景电流达到稳定后,在搅拌下用微量进样器依次向缓冲溶液中加入一定浓度的双氧水标准溶液;在双氧水浓度为5.0–945 μM范围内,得到的电流与双氧水浓度的线性关系曲线,其线性相关系数为r = 0.9988,利用标准曲线法对双氧水进行分析检测。在考察对双氧水测定有潜在干扰行为的物质时发现,在生理比例浓度下,测定误差≤10%时,电极对干扰物(例如,氨基乙酸,抗坏血酸,尿酸,葡萄糖等)的响应不会干扰双氧水的测定。
作为非酶双氧水电化学传感器的催化作用表征:采用石墨烯修饰碳糊电极、Fe-MOF修饰碳糊电极、裸碳糊电极及本发明制得的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料修饰电极进行了试验比较:
图4中上部的线为四种电极在不含双氧水的底液中的循环伏安图,下部线为高分散石墨烯活化石墨烯活化Fe-MOF修饰电极在该底液中含有10.0 mM 的循环伏安图。图5是石墨烯修饰碳糊电极、Fe-MOF修饰碳糊电极、裸碳糊电极含有10.0 mM双氧水的pH 7.0、0.1 M的磷酸盐的底液中的循环伏安图。
图4中高分散石墨烯活化Fe-MOF修饰碳糊电极即本发明的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器,从图4可以看出,在无双氧水的0.1 M的磷酸盐(pH7.0)溶液中,该电极没有观察到明显的峰,而将10.0 mM双氧水加入到0.1 M的磷酸盐(pH7.0)溶液中时,还原电流急剧增大。从图5可以看出,在裸碳糊电极上,Fe-MOF修饰电极上和石墨烯修饰碳糊电极上电流几乎都很微弱,说明这些电极对双氧水无电催化还原作用;但在高分散石墨烯活化Fe-MOF修饰碳糊电极上,电流信号明显剧烈增高,其电流响应信号是Fe-MOF修饰电极的5倍左右,表明高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料对双氧水电化学还原具有优异的催化作用,能明显的加速电子传递。
电化学检测双氧水:
在最佳试验条件下,本发明制备的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器对双氧水的电流-时间响应如图6所示。由图6可见,达到95%稳态电流的时间小于5s,随着双氧水浓度的增加,传感器对双氧水的响应电流也逐渐增大,在5.0–945 μM范围内,响应电流与双氧水浓度呈线性关系,线性方程为i/μA=0.2733C/μM - 2.2975, 线性相关系数为0.9988,计算其最低检测限为0.5 μM,如图6所示。根据电极活性面积测定,计算得到高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器对双氧水的测定灵敏度高达517μA mM-1 cm-2。
本发明制备的非酶双氧水电化学传感器的稳定性和重现性优异。对于同一个双氧水传感器,10次测定的相对标准偏差为1.89%,对于5组双氧水传感器,5次测定的相对标准偏差为6.70%。电极不用时室温存放一星期,电流仍保持为初始电流的90%。在允许测定误差≤10%时,从图8可以看出。氨基乙酸,抗坏血酸,尿酸,葡萄糖等物质几乎不干扰测定。
Claims (4)
1.高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
A:高分散石墨烯的制备:本步骤中所用到的各物料采用下述量或采用与下述量相同的比例,100 mL~300 mL等体积量的1 mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液与0.5 wt%壳聚糖溶液均匀混合,直到得到均匀的棕黄色的溶液,随后,将溶液转移至80ºC~95 ºC的水浴中,剧烈搅拌4h~6 h, 直到溶液颜色由棕黄色完全转变成黑色,所的产物经离心分离,水洗2~3次,无水乙醇洗涤2~3次,所得物于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声分散,超声功率和频率分别为100W和40 KHz,得到壳聚糖功能化的石墨烯;
B:高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料的制备:在步骤A得到的高分散石墨烯中加入Fe(NO3)3·9H2O 200mg~400 mg、有机配体对苯二甲酸200mg~500 mg、PVP 1g ~2g,室温下搅拌均匀,转移至反应釜中,反应温度控制在90℃~110℃下保持10 h~12 h,经离心分离、无水乙醇洗涤,30℃~60℃下真空干燥,制得高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料;
C:电化学传感器的制备:将步骤B所得到的高分散的石墨烯活化Fe-MOF电极材料:石墨粉:石蜡油按质量比为0.5:2:0.8取料,搅拌混合约1h~2h,直到形成均匀的碳糊状物;取该碳糊填入玻璃管内径为3 mm的玻璃管,从另一端部插入一根铜线作为电极连接体;得到高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤B中得到的高分散石墨烯活化Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料中的石墨烯的质量百分含量为wt7.34%~11.2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤A离心分离时转速为3000~4000 rmp。
4.高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器的应用,采用权利要求1制得的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器,其特征在于:所述的电化学传感器直接用于电化学检测双氧水,其应用方法如下:
(1)将所制得的高分散石墨烯/Fe基金属有机骨架复合材料电化学传感器作为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,参比电机的填充液为3 M的KCl,铂丝电极作为辅助电极,组成三电极体系;
(2)测定时,首先将三电极体系置于10 mL的0.1 M 、pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中;然后在-0.40V恒电位下,记录电流-时间曲线,当背景电流已稳定,在搅拌下,用微量进样器向10mL的0.1 M 、pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中依次加入双氧水溶液,根据电流可得到双氧水浓度。
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