CN109363155A - 一种野生菌功能型保健品制备方法及其制品 - Google Patents
一种野生菌功能型保健品制备方法及其制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109363155A CN109363155A CN201811377102.XA CN201811377102A CN109363155A CN 109363155 A CN109363155 A CN 109363155A CN 201811377102 A CN201811377102 A CN 201811377102A CN 109363155 A CN109363155 A CN 109363155A
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能性保健食品技术领域，具体涉及一种野生菌功能型保健品制备方法及其制品。本发明的野生菌功能型保健品充分辩证运用多种食用菌之间存在相同及互补的特性及相互配伍关系，添加了微量元素硒、锌以及维生素C，获得套装形式的保健食品和饮品，有吃有喝，共同达到提高人体免疫力、防病治病的功效。本发明的制备方法按配方量投料，先采用醇提脂溶性有效成分，再采用水提水溶性成分，再采用醇沉去除重金属等有害元素，最后采用浓缩富集的技术，得到有效提取物，加入片剂和浓缩饮品所需要的食品添加剂，分别制得保健片剂和浓缩饮品。相对于现有传统的技术，本发明技术不仅全面提取富集了有效成分，而且有效去除了有害重金属物质。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能性保健食品技术领域，具体涉及一种野生菌功能型保健品制备方法及其制品。
背景技术
据世界卫生组织的一项全球性调查结果显示全球真正健康的人仅占5％，患病占20％，剩下75％的人均处于“亚健康”状态。由中国医师协会、中国医院协会等机构发布的《中国城市白领健康白皮书》显示，约七成白领处于“亚健康”状态，精英人群和企业高管人群中透支现象最为严重，亚健康比例分别为91％和86％。调查中，存在过劳现象的占10.3％。同时，我们几乎都是谈癌色变，据《CA：A Cancer Journal for Clinjicians》杂志发病率分析显示，在中国大陆每年有新发浸润性癌病例数近430万，相当于平均每天新发12000例癌症，有近280万癌症死亡病例，相当于平均每天7500人死于癌症。而且随着现在生活节奏快，工作压力大，使饮食作息等生活不规律，环境因素的影响，同时伴随严重的精神压力导致现在大多数人处于亚健康状态，很多人都伴有抵抗力下降，易疲劳等症状，存在癌症风险。要彻底摆脱亚健康的状态，首要的就是提高人体自身的免疫力，研究发现香菇多糖是从优质香菇子实体中提取的有效活性成分，是本发明配方中食用菌中的主要有效成分菌多糖等，是一种宿主免疫增强剂，临床与药理研究表明，香菇多糖等菌多糖具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫功能和刺激干扰素形成等作用，长期使用含香菇多糖的产品能缓解癌症病人手术后的症状，加快身体对疾病抵抗力的恢复，对亚健康人群可以提高免疫力，预防肿瘤等疾病的产生。
随着《中医药法》的实施，中国已进入全民大健康时代，中医药保健和饮食调理已成为人们日常生活重要的部分。在过去传统的中药、食品饮料加工生产中，中药、食材只是采取传统的煎煮或者直接入料的方式加工成产品，对传统的食用方式而言，中药食材中很多有效成分得不到充分利用，有害物质也得不到有效剔除，随着中医药、食品饮料现代生物生产技术的不断发展和进步，这种传统粗放的加工方式不能满足人们对美好产品、健康生活的追求和向往。急需发展新的提取富集有效功能物质及去除有害元素的新技术。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述不足，本发明提供了一种野生菌功能型保健品制备方法及其制品，该方法先采用醇提脂溶性有效成分，再采用水提水溶性成分，再采用醇沉去除重金属等有害元素，最后采用浓缩富集的技术，得到有效提取物，加入片剂和浓缩饮品所需要的食品添加剂，分别制得保健片剂和浓缩饮品。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明的第一个目的在于提出一种野生菌功能型保健片剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)按组方称取原材料，按质量份数计，所述原材料包括香菇80～100份、蛹虫草20～40份、竹荪20～40份、枸杞子20～40份、沙棘20～40份、猴头菇4～8份、羊肚菌4～8份、姬松茸4～8份；
2)原材料粉碎成细粉沫混合备用；
3)步骤2)中的粉沫用乙醇提取1～3次，每次加入6～10倍量60～90％的乙醇提取1.5～2.5h，合并提取液，过滤，滤液浓缩至清膏；
4)清膏中添加营养素和辅料混合均匀，干燥、制粒，将颗粒经压片机压片即得成品。
进一步地，所述原材料包括香菇90份、蛹虫草30份、竹荪30份、枸杞子30份、沙棘30份、猴头菇6份、羊肚菌6份、姬松茸6份。
进一步地，所述营养素包括富硒香菇粉、葡萄糖酸锌、维生素C、多味果粉中的至少一种；按重量份数计，所述富硒香菇粉1～50份、葡萄糖酸锌0.01～10份、维生素C 0.01～50份、多味果粉0.1～100份。
进一步地，所述辅料包括阿斯巴甜、麦芽糊精、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁中的至少一种；按重量份数计，所述阿斯巴甜0.1～10份、麦芽糊精0.1～10、微晶纤维素0.1～10份、硬脂酸镁0.1～10份。
本发明的第二个目的在于提出一种野生菌功能型保健饮品的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将权利要求1的步骤3)中提取药渣挤压待乙醇挥发后，加纯水煎煮提取1～3次，提取液过滤后合并，浓缩成清膏；
2)清膏加6～10倍的75％乙醇醇沉，取上清液过滤，滤液回收乙醇后的浓缩液备用；
3)浓缩液中添加营养素和水，搅拌溶解后，过滤、灭菌、灌装后冷却至常温即得成品。
进一步地，步骤1)中所述提取药渣加纯水煎煮提取两次，第一次加6～8倍纯化水煎煮1.5小时，第二次加3～4倍纯化水煎煮1小时。
进一步地，所述步骤3)中添加营养素包括葡萄糖酸锌、麦芽糖醇、山梨酸钾中的至少一种，所述葡萄糖酸锌0.1～10份、麦芽糖醇0.1～50份、山梨酸钾0.1～10份。
本发明的第三个目的在于提出通过上述制备方法制备的野生菌功能型保健片剂。
本发明的第四个目的在于提出通过上述制备方法制备的野生菌功能型保健饮品。
本发明所用的保健品原料，主要是以多种野生菌等药食同源中药为基本组方。其中香菇中香菇多糖等菌多糖具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、调节免疫功能和刺激干扰素形成等作用，长期使用含香菇多糖的产品能缓解癌症病人手术后的症状，加快身体对疾病抵抗力的恢复，对亚健康人群可以提高免疫力，预防肿瘤等疾病的产生。蛹虫草具有扶正益气，提高免疫和造血功能、补肺平喘，改善呼吸系统的功效。竹荪含有丰富的多种氨基酸、维生素、无机盐等，具有滋补强壮、益气补脑、宁神健体的功效，竹荪的有效成分可补充人体必需的营养物质，提高机体的免疫抗病能力。枸杞子富含枸杞多糖，枸杞多糖是一种水溶性多糖，由阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖、鼠李糖这6种单糖成分组成，具有生理活性，能够增强非特异性免疫功能，提高抗病能力，抑制肿瘤生长和细胞突变；同时，枸杞多糖也可通过神经-内分泌-免疫调节网络发挥抗癌作用。沙棘含有大量的维生素E、维生素A、黄酮等，具有抗疲劳和增强机体活力及抗癌等特殊药理性能，具有保护和加速修复胃黏膜、增加肠道双歧杆菌的药性，有降减血浆胆固醇、减少血管壁中胆固醇含量的作用，能防治高血脂症和动脉粥样硬化症，并有促进伤口愈合的作用。猴头菇有增进食欲，增强胃粘膜屏障机能，提高淋巴细胞转化率，提升白细胞等作用。故可以使人体提高对疾病的免疫能力。羊肚菌所含丰富的硒是人体红细胞谷胱甘肽过氧化酶的组成成分，可运输大量氧分子来抑制恶性肿瘤，使癌细胞失活；另方面能加强维生素E的抗氧化作用。硒的抗氧化作用能改变致癌物的代方向，并通过结合而解毒，从而减少或消除致癌的危险。姬松茸能通过增强单核巨噬细胞系统功能，增强人体的自身免疫功能，具有抑制细胞分裂和调节免疫系统反应的作用，从而阻挠干扰病毒生长；还可通过改善化疗对骨髓造血功能的抑制，使外周血红蛋白浓度、血小板及白细胞总数趋向正常值，同时对瘤细胞具有抑制作用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1.本发明的野生菌功能型保健品充分辩证运用多种食用菌之间存在相同及互补的特性及相互配伍关系，添加了微量元素硒、锌以及维生素C，获得套装形式的保健食品和饮品，有吃有喝，共同达到提高人体免疫力、防病治病的功效。
2.本发明的制备方法按配方量投料，先采用醇提脂溶性有效成分，再采用水提水溶性成分，再采用醇沉去除重金属等有害元素，最后采用浓缩富集的技术，得到有效提取物，加入片剂和浓缩饮品所需要的食品添加剂，分别制得保健片剂和浓缩饮品。相对于现有传统的技术，本发明技术不仅全面提取富集了有效成分，而且有效去除了有害重金属物质。
具体实施方式
展示一下实例来具体说明本发明的某些实施例，且不应解释为限制本发明的范围。对本发明公开的内容可以同时从材料、方法和反应条件进行改进，所有这些改进，均应落入本发明的的精神和范围之内。
实施例1
取香菇800g、蛹虫草200g、竹荪200g、枸杞子200g、沙棘200g、猴头菇40g、羊肚菌40g、姬松茸40g，将上述原料通过超微粉碎机粉碎后制成超微粉剂至200目待用。
粉沫投料后，加入10.32kg乙醇(重量百分比为60％)浸没物料，在25℃浸提1～3次，每次浸提1.5～2.5h，合并提取液，过滤，滤液减压条件下浓缩至清膏。清膏中添加富硒香菇粉10g、葡萄糖酸锌0.1g、维生素C 0.1g，加辅料阿斯巴甜1g、麦芽糊精1g，混匀、制粒、压片，包装，即得保健片剂。
经乙醇提取后的药渣，挤压待乙醇挥发后，加纯化水煎煮提取两次，第一次加药渣质量的6倍的纯化水煎煮1.5小时过滤，第二次加药渣质量的3倍纯水煎煮1小时，两次提取液过滤后合并，浓缩成清膏。将清膏加8倍质量的75％乙醇醇沉48小时，去杂除重金属等有害元素，保证溶液澄清。取上清液过滤，回收乙醇后的浓缩液备用。浓缩液加葡萄糖酸锌1g、麦芽糖醇1g、山梨酸钾1g和纯水适量，搅拌使溶解，再加纯化水定容至1L，过滤、灌装、灭菌、包装，即得保健浓缩饮品。
实施例2
取香菇900g、蛹虫草300g、竹荪300g、枸杞子300g、沙棘300g、猴头菇60g、羊肚菌60g、姬松茸60g，将上述原料通过超微粉碎机粉碎后制成超微粉剂至200目待用。
粉沫投料后，加入18.24kg乙醇(重量百分比为75％)浸没物料，在25℃浸提1～3次，每次浸提1.5～2.5h，合并提取液，过滤，滤液减压条件下浓缩至清膏。清膏中添加富硒香菇粉125g、葡萄糖酸锌50g、维生素C 50g和多味果粉200g，加辅料阿斯巴甜25g、麦芽糊精25g、微晶纤维素25g、硬脂酸镁50g，混匀、制粒、压片，包装，即得保健片剂。
经乙醇提取后的药渣，挤压待乙醇挥发后，加纯化水煎煮提取两次，第一次加药渣质量的7倍的纯水煎煮1.5小时过滤，第二次加药渣质量的3.5倍的纯水煎煮1小时，两次提取液过滤后合并，浓缩成清膏。将清膏加8倍质量的75％乙醇醇沉48小时，去杂除重金属等有害元素，保证溶液澄清。取上清液过滤，回收乙醇后的浓缩液备用。浓缩液加葡萄糖酸锌50g、麦芽糖醇25g、山梨酸钾50g和纯水适量，搅拌使溶解，再加纯化水定容至1.5L，过滤、灌装、灭菌、包装，即得保健浓缩饮品。
实施例3
取香菇900g、蛹虫草400g、竹荪400g、枸杞子300g、沙棘300g、猴头菇40g、羊肚菌60g、姬松茸60g，将上述原料通过超微粉碎机粉碎后制成超微粉剂至200目待用。
粉沫投料后，加入22.14kg乙醇(重量百分比为75％)浸没物料，在25℃浸提1～3次，每次浸提1.5～2.5h，合并提取液，过滤，滤液减压条件下浓缩至清膏。清膏中添加富硒香菇粉300g、葡萄糖酸锌75g、维生素C 300g，加辅料阿斯巴甜75g、麦芽糊精60g、微晶纤维素25g、硬脂酸镁50g食品添加剂，混匀、制粒、压片，包装，即得保健片剂。
经乙醇提取后的药渣，挤压待乙醇挥发后，加纯化水煎煮提取两次，第一次加药渣质量的7.5倍纯水煎煮1.5小时过滤，第二次加药渣质量的3.5倍纯水煎煮1小时，两次提取液过滤后合并，浓缩成清膏。将清膏加8倍的75％乙醇醇沉48小时，去杂除重金属等有害元素，保证溶液澄清。取上清液过滤，回收乙醇后的浓缩液备用。浓缩液加葡萄糖酸锌65g、麦芽糖醇250g和纯水适量，搅拌使溶解，再加纯化水定容至2L，过滤、灌装、灭菌、包装，即得保健浓缩饮品。
实施例4
取香菇1000g、蛹虫草400g、竹荪400g、枸杞子400g、沙棘400g、猴头菇80g、羊肚菌80g、姬松茸80g，将上述原料通过超微粉碎机粉碎后制成超微粉剂至200目待用。
粉沫投料后，加入28.4kg乙醇(重量百分比为90％)浸没物料，在25℃浸提1～3次，每次浸提1.5～2.5h，合并提取液，过滤，滤液减压条件下浓缩至清膏。清膏中添加富硒香菇粉500g、葡萄糖酸锌100g、维生素C 500g和多味果粉1000g，加辅料阿斯巴甜100g、麦芽糊精100g、微晶纤维素100g、硬脂酸镁100g食品添加剂，混匀、制粒、压片，包装，即得保健片剂。
经乙醇提取后的药渣，挤压待乙醇挥发后，加纯化水煎煮提取两次，第一次药渣质量的8倍纯水煎煮1.5小时过滤，第二次加药渣质量的4倍纯水煎煮1小时，两次提取液过滤后合并，浓缩成清膏。将清膏加8倍质量的75％乙醇醇沉48小时，去杂除重金属等有害元素，保证溶液澄清。取上清液过滤，回收乙醇后的浓缩液备用。浓缩液加葡萄糖酸锌100g、麦芽糖醇500g、山梨酸钾100g和纯水适量，搅拌使溶解，再加纯化水定容至2L，过滤、灌装、灭菌、包装，即得保健浓缩饮品。
实施例5：免疫功能试验
六周龄左右雌性BACB/C小鼠体重18～22g，试验动物随机分为正常组(NC)、高剂量(HD)、中剂量(MD)和低剂量(CD)4组，每组10只。将实施例2制备的保健品片剂溶于水，并将溶液和实施例2制备的保健饮品灌胃。高、中、低剂量分别为3.0g、1.0g、0.33g/kg(吞噬能力试验为0.30g/kg)，NC组同时用蒸馏水灌胃，灌胃量为0.4ml/20g。持续灌胃20天后杀死，进行腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验，及用乳酸脱氧酶(CDH)法测定自然杀伤(NK)细胞性试验。结果显示各剂量组吞噬指数与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P＜0.05)。高剂量组的NK活性(胃)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，且相同剂量情况下，片剂溶液组的NK活性(胃)高于保健饮品组。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种野生菌功能型保健片剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)按组方称取原材料，按质量份数计，所述原材料包括香菇80～100份、蛹虫草20～40份、竹荪20～40份、枸杞子20～40份、沙棘20～40份、猴头菇4～8份、羊肚菌4～8份、姬松茸4～8份；
2)原材料粉碎成细粉沫混合备用；
3)步骤2)中的粉沫用乙醇提取1～3次，每次加入6～10倍量60～90％的乙醇提取1.5～2.5h，合并提取液，过滤，滤液浓缩至清膏；
4)清膏中添加营养素和辅料混合均匀，干燥、制粒，将颗粒经压片机压片即得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种野生菌功能型保健片剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述原材料包括香菇90份、蛹虫草30份、竹荪30份、枸杞子30份、沙棘30份、猴头菇6份、羊肚菌6份、姬松茸6份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种野生菌功能型保健片剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述营养素包括富硒香菇粉、葡萄糖酸锌、维生素C、多味果粉中的至少一种；按重量份数计，所述富硒香菇粉1～50份、葡萄糖酸锌0.01～10份、维生素C 0.01～50份、多味果粉0.1～100份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种野生菌功能型保健片剂的制备方法，其特征在于，所述辅料包括阿斯巴甜、麦芽糊精、微晶纤维素、硬脂酸镁中的至少一种；按重量份数计，所述阿斯巴甜0.1～10份、麦芽糊精0.1～10、微晶纤维素0.1～10份、硬脂酸镁0.1～10份。
5.一种野生菌功能型保健饮品的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)将权利要求1的步骤3)中提取药渣挤压待乙醇挥发后，加纯水煎煮提取1～3次，提取液过滤后合并，浓缩成清膏；
2)清膏加6～10倍的75％乙醇醇沉，取上清液过滤，滤液回收乙醇后的浓缩液备用；
3)浓缩液中添加营养素和水，搅拌溶解后，过滤、灭菌、灌装后冷却至常温即得成品。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种野生菌功能型保健饮品的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中所述提取药渣加纯水煎煮提取两次，第一次加6～8倍纯化水煎煮1.5小时，第二次加3～4倍纯化水煎煮1小时。
7.根据权利要求5所述的一种野生菌功能型保健饮品的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3)中添加营养素包括葡萄糖酸锌、麦芽糖醇、山梨酸钾中的至少一种，所述葡萄糖酸锌0.1～10份、麦芽糖醇0.1～50份、山梨酸钾0.1～10份。
8.权利要求1～4任一项所述制备方法制备的野生菌功能型保健片剂。
9.权利要求5～7任一项所述的制备方法制备的野生菌功能型保健饮品。
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