CN109363041A - A kind of Cortex Eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound liquid beverage and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Cortex Eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound liquid beverage and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109363041A CN109363041A CN201811597169.4A CN201811597169A CN109363041A CN 109363041 A CN109363041 A CN 109363041A CN 201811597169 A CN201811597169 A CN 201811597169A CN 109363041 A CN109363041 A CN 109363041A
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- cortex eucommiae
- folium cortex
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- extract powder
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- GZSOSUNBTXMUFQ-YFAPSIMESA-N diosmin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1C(OC1=C2)=CC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C2O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)O)O1 GZSOSUNBTXMUFQ-YFAPSIMESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004352 diosmin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006486 human diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020823 overnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005875 quercetin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003716 rejuvenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/42—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/44—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by adding preservatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/42—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages
- A23L2/46—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by heating
- A23L2/48—Preservation of non-alcoholic beverages by heating by irradiation or electric treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverages and preparation method thereof, by following material, proportionally (mass ratio) addition pure water is formulated compound beverage: 15-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 5-8 parts of mulberry extract powder, 5-8 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, 3-5 parts of Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder, 0.05-0.08 parts of citric acid, 0.07-0.12 parts of malic acid, 0.075-0.12 parts of sodium citrate, 0.05-0.08 parts of sodium dehydroacetate, 0.05-0.1 parts of calgon, 0.05-0.1 parts of pectin, yellow 0.12-0.15 parts of glue of member, 0.018-0.022 parts of millefleurs；Wherein pure water is 15-20 times of total solid.Three high compound beverages are had the multiple health cares such as reducing blood lipid, blood pressure lowering, hypoglycemic, are well positioned to meet the health care demand of modern sub-health population, wide market by the folium cortex eucommiae prepared according to the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to health food manufacture field, it is related to a kind of Cortex Eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound liquid beverage and its preparation side
Method.
Background technique
It becomes increasingly abundant with the rapid development of society with substance, people's living standard is greatly improved, people are in daily drink
In food, high-fat, high protein, high-cholesterol diet intake increase, and then cause with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia
The sub-health population ratio of (it is high to be commonly called as three) constantly increases, and the trend of rejuvenation is more and more obvious.Therefore, it researches and develops and produces
With lipid-loweringing, norcholesterol, antihypertensive function health food, have important social benefit.
Cortex Eucommiae is the distinctive rare tonic herb of China, and folium cortex eucommiae is rich in flavones, loose ester alcohol diglucoside, Geniposide
The various nutrient elements such as glycosides, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, aucubin, the minerals such as Yi Jitie, zinc, selenium have and clear liver and improve vision,
Tonify Qi of the kidney, regulating lipoid and reducing blood pressure, anti-inflammatory be antibacterial, strengthening the bones and muscles, anti-aging, it is antifatigue, increase many effects such as immunity.
It is more using folium cortex eucommiae as the functional beverage of primary raw material currently on the market, but lack a kind of Du for capableing of lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia
Secondary health beverages.In addition, all the effective component of folium cortex eucommiae is not studied in existing folium cortex eucommiae leach extraction method, and
Analysis measurement only is carried out to its effective component, can just produce the good product of health-care efficacy.
Inventor is engaged in the research of Cortex Eucommiae beverage for many years, such as Chinese patent " a kind of Du invented at me in 2013
The preparation method (application No. is 201310658168.7) of secondary composite anti-fatigue functional beverage, a kind of removal folium cortex eucommiae extract liquor are different
The method (application No. is 201310658201.6) of taste preparation of health-care beverage, a kind of preparation method of Cortex Eucommiae appetite-stimulating health-care drink
(201310658256.7) " in, a kind of preparation method of Cortex Eucommiae drinks is described, after folium cortex eucommiae is extracted, using ozone
The method of processing and bioencapsulation processing, overcomes careless fishy smell, bitter taste and the astringent taste in Cortex Eucommiae extract liquor, and in leach step
By folium cortex eucommiae boiled at 100 DEG C and hot conditions under extract, successfully overcome careless fishy smell and the bitterness in Cortex Eucommiae extract liquor
The technical problem of the bad removal of taste.However the patented technology be to how to be removed in the preparation of Cortex Eucommiae beverage the peculiar smell of folium cortex eucommiae into
Research is gone, there is no to the loss to prevent or reducing effective ingredient (active material) in preparation, it is ensured that the health care function of beverage
The technique of effect optimizes.
Summary of the invention
The invention proposes a kind of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverages and preparation method thereof, based on folium cortex eucommiae extract powder
Raw material, mixing are added to mulberry leaf, moringa seeds and Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder, Sugarless type compound beverage are made, plays the health care of lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia
Effect；Link process optimization has been carried out in folium cortex eucommiae extraction simultaneously, has reduced the loss of effective ingredient, it is ensured that the guarantor of beverage
Strong effect.
The present invention is added to following auxiliary material on the basis of folium cortex eucommiae extract powder: (1) mulberry leaf: it is known as " king of plant ",
" one of big health care product of mankind's 21 century ten " is included in by international food health organization.It is rich in alkaloid, γ-oxygroup butyric acid, Mongolian oak
Pi Su, quercitin, polysaccharide, flavonoids, barosmin etc. have reducing blood lipid, norcholesterol, blood pressure lowering, hypoglycemic, antithrombotic, resist
The multiple efficacies such as viral, antitumor.(2) moringa seeds: with ganoderma lucidum, American Ginseng and claim " world's Triratna ", because its high protein, higher-dimension are raw
Element, high microsteping improve the various aspects such as immune, have remarkable efficacy, have become health at present in reducing blood lipid, blood pressure lowering, hypoglycemic
Food new lover.(3) Gynostemma pentaphylla: contain saponin(e, glucosides, flavonoids, multivitamin, have effects that lipid-lowering pressure-reducing hypoglycemic, be one
The excellent natural health-care products of kind.The material of above-mentioned prominent function is combined, the compound beverage of lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia is made, in addition to having Du
Outside the multiple efficacies of Zhong Ye itself, moreover it is possible to play the health-care effect of reducing blood lipid, blood glucose and blood pressure.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, which is characterized in that compound beverage is by following material proportionally (quality
Than) be added pure water be formulated: 15-20 part of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 5-8 parts of mulberry extract powder, 5-8 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, strand
Blue 3-5 parts of the extract powder of stock, 0.05-0.08 parts of citric acid, 0.07-0.12 parts of malic acid, 0.075-0.12 parts of sodium citrate, dehydrogenation
0.05-0.08 parts of sodium acetate, 0.05-0.1 parts of calgon, 0.05-0.1 parts of pectin, yellow 0.12-0.15 parts of glue of member is assorted
0.018-0.022 parts of essence；Wherein pure water is 15-20 times of total solid.
A kind of preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, which comprises the following steps:
[1] preparation of folium cortex eucommiae extract powder:
[1.1] feedstock capture
After the fresh folium cortex eucommiae of acquisition is dried in 60-70 DEG C of drying tunnel, it is stored in using the pack of black woven bag logical
It is spare in the warehouse that wind is protected from light；
[1.2] water soluble method extracts
By the folium cortex eucommiae after cleaning according to dry folium cortex eucommiae: the ratio of water=1:30-50 (mass ratio) is placed in extractor and mentions
It takes, temperature is 60-70 DEG C, and extraction time is 3-4 hours；
[1.3] filtering and concentrating
It is 20-30% (mass ratio) to the accounting of prime cement that leaching liquor, which is concentrated into solid content,；
[1.4] protective agent adds
Food acids are added in concentrated slurry, so that pH value is 5.4-5.6, add the table sugar of 5% (mass ratio), so
The beta-cyclodextrin of 5%-10% (mass ratio) is added afterwards, folium cortex eucommiae concentrate is made；
[1.5] it is spray-dried
Cortex Eucommiae concentrate is placed in spray drying tower and is spray-dried, it is 5%-10% Cortex Eucommiae that moisture content, which is prepared,
Leaf extract powder；The folium cortex eucommiae extract powder of preparation is placed in low-temperature storage in sterile aluminum foil bag, prepares for beverage；
[2] ingredient, filtering, homogeneous, sterilizing, filling
According to 15-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 5-8 parts of mulberry extract powder, 5-8 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder
3-5 parts, 0.05-0.08 parts of citric acid, 0.07-0.12 parts of malic acid, 0.075-0.12 parts of sodium citrate, sodium dehydroacetate
0.05-0.08 parts, 0.05-0.1 parts of calgon, 0.05-0.1 parts of pectin, yellow 0.12-0.15 parts of glue of member, millefleurs
Pure water of 0.018-0.022 parts of the quality than 15-20 times of solid content gross mass is added after weighing and burden, is heated to 60-70 DEG C,
Stirring is sufficiently dissolved to solid content, is pumped into high pressure homogenizer after the filtering of diatomite plate filter and is carried out homogeneous；Using microwave
Sterilization machine is sterilized, and the temperature of beverage is controlled at 60-70 DEG C in sterilization process.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, the moisture content of folium cortex eucommiae is lower than in step [1.1]
13%.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, the water for cleaning in step [1.2] is respectively adopted certainly
Water and pure water are sprayed wherein folium cortex eucommiae is placed on conveyer belt after being cleaned in pond with tap water with pure water
Cleaning.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, continuously mentioned in step [1.2] using ultrasonic reverse back stream
Equipment is taken to extract.
Folium cortex eucommiae leaching liquor is placed in the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, in step [1.3] double
It is concentrated in effect inspissator.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, food acids are citric acid in step [1.5].
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, in step [1.4] table sugar be sucrose, white granulated sugar or
Fructose.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, the leaving air temp of spray drying tower in step [1.5]
It is 50-60 DEG C.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, in step [2] by drink by Pipeline transport to micro-
It is filling to after vial or plastic bottle that filling or drink is carried out after the sterilization of wave sterilization machine, is delivered to microwave sterilization machine and is killed
Bacterium.
The advantageous effects that the present invention has are as follows:
1, of the invention for the problem that modern human diet is unhealthy, it is easy to obtain hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, preferably shut out
Sugarless type compound beverage is made in secondary, mulberry leaf, moringa seeds and Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder, and wherein mulberry leaf, moringa seeds and Gynostemma pentaphylla pass through conjunction
Component ratio allotment is managed, lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia is played the role of, and Cortex Eucommiae itself has effects that regulating lipoid and reducing blood pressure as rare invigorant,
Also have simultaneously it is neutral mild, as ministerial drug when the small property feature of repellency, can be a variety of with mulberry leaf, moringa seeds and Gynostemma pentaphylla etc.
Medicinal material compatibility is eaten, effect is enhanced.After beverage is taken for a long time, except meet current sub-health population decompression, lipid-loweringing, the health care of hypoglycemic are wanted
Ask outer, moreover it is possible to play strengthening the bones and muscles, anti-aging, improve the composite efficacies such as immunity, nourish, achieve many things at one stroke comprehensively.
2, the present invention is in the stabilization to nutritional ingredients such as Chlorogenic Acid in Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Leaves, flavones, Geniposidic acid, Aucubins
Property, on the basis of the characteristics such as anti-oxidant further investigation, in conjunction with the characteristic of institute's synthetic beverage, to the illumination influenced in raw material preparation,
The factors such as temperature, pH value have carried out accurate control, substantially increase product nutrient substances content.
3, intermediate products of the present invention in beverage --- in extract powder preparation, to the loss characteristic of folium cortex eucommiae nutritional ingredient into
Research of having gone, so that the PH that prime cement is concentrated is 3.5-4.0 or so, has by addition citric acid or the scheme of other food acid agent
Effect prevents the loss of the ingredients such as flavones, chlorogenic acid, Geniposidic acid, adjust again in beverage preparation in later use prime cement
To suitable pH value, the peculiar mouthfeel of Cortex Eucommiae beverage is maintained.The table sugar that joined 5% in concentration prime cement simultaneously, passes through increasing
Add sucrose concentration to reduce dissolved oxygen amount, effectively inhibits the oxygenolysis of the substances such as flavones, chlorogenic acid.Wherein selection 5% is sugared adds
Dosage be comprehensively consider sugared part ratio it is dry to subsequent spray to the degree of protection of nutritional ingredient and too low sugar in caused by
Agglomeration, viscous wall etc. influence, and carry out the result of parameter optimization.Furthermore it is added to the beta-cyclodextrin of 5%-10% before spray drying,
The characteristics of using its embedding effect and granular material, under the premise of not influencing drying process with atomizing, realize nutritional ingredient
Retain.
4, the raw material in the present invention takes shading treatment in storage and preparation process, and folium cortex eucommiae is stored up using black woven bag
It deposits, reducing illumination influences the brings oxygenolysis such as chlorogenic acid, Geniposidic acid, Aucubin；Simultaneously by picking
Fresh folium cortex eucommiae is processed in time is prepared into folium cortex eucommiae concentration prime cement or eucommia ulmoides extract product, and arranges through overnutrition protection
Long term storage is applied, and logistics deployment is carried out according to the progress demand of subsequent beverage preparation, is avoided in traditional Cortex Eucommiae beverage preparation
Because of the long term storage bring nutrient loss of folium cortex eucommiae, at the same also reduce storage area and strange land end product preparation plus
The transportation cost in working hour has adapted to the place of production in modern plants extraction product manufacturing and has carried out raw material roughing extraction, strange land completion eventually
Hold product manufacturing sale with the new model of save the cost.
5, the present invention has carried out accurate control to temperature in extract powder preparation, so that drying, water logging are extracted, concentration is dry
Temperature in dry controls within 70 DEG C, these measures effectively prevent the loss of effective component in folium cortex eucommiae.
6, the present invention uses microwave sterilization in beverage preparation link and replaces traditional TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE sterilization method, sterilizing
The temperature of drink is continued to monitor in the process, and by extending sterilization time, temperature is controlled 60-70 DEG C, utilizes microwave heating effect
With the collective effect of non-thermal effect, so that microbial body internal protein and physiological activator is morphed, develops and delay and dead,
Achieve the purpose that food sterilizing, fresh-keeping, simultaneously because temperature control is at 65 DEG C or so, to Huang when reducing conventional high temperature sterilizing
The decomposition of ketone, chlorogenic acid, Geniposidic acid, Aucubin and Pinoresinol diglucoside improves the holding of nutritional ingredient
Rate.Simultaneously in microwave sterilization, can by drink it is filling after reserve the air gap and be placed in microwave sterilization machine and carry out, facilitate existing
Field operation.
Specific embodiment
Inventor is studied for a long period of time discovery, either the storage of folium cortex eucommiae, water logging extract or beverage preparation link in,
The nutritional ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, flavones, Geniposidic acid, Aucubin, Pinoresinol diglucoside can all occur in various degree
It decomposes and is lost, major influence factors have:
(1) storage time and illumination effect
In traditional folium cortex eucommiae beverage processing, drying of being exposed to the sun in the sunlight after the picking of fresh folium cortex eucommiae, in the form of cured leaf into
Row long term storage carries out water logging extraction to Cortex Eucommiae leaf raw material again according to demand in beverage preparation.And inventor and other scholars
Research achievement show that raw material in prolonged storage, is influenced by extraneous factor, especially illumination is to yellow in folium cortex eucommiae
Ketone, chlorogenic acid, Geniposidic acid, Aucubin and Pinoresinol diglucoside have large effect effect, under light illumination
It easily causes oxygenolysis and causes nutrition loss.
For the influence of illumination factor in raw material long term storage, the present invention abandoned traditional folium cortex eucommiae drying and
Storing mode disposably dries storage using drying machine after feedstock capture in the fall, and carries out water to folium cortex eucommiae as early as possible
Extraction process is soaked, manufactured folium cortex eucommiae extract powder, which is placed in freezer, to be stored.In addition, taken in raw material storage and preparation process
Shading treatment, folium cortex eucommiae select the storage of black woven bag, and the folium cortex eucommiae concentration prime cement after preparation is then placed on the aluminium foil of shading
Bag stored for extended periods, this mode not only reduce the loss of nutritional ingredient, and by the side of folium cortex eucommiae at source long term storage
Formula is changed to the long term storage of folium cortex eucommiae extract powder, greatly reduce storage area and strange land beverage preparation processing when transport at
This.
(2) influence of temperature parameter
Traditional folium cortex eucommiae extracts usually leaches dozens of minutes in the boiled water boiled, and the newest result of study of inventor
During showing Cortex Eucommiae beverage preparation, high temperature is to flavones, chlorogenic acid, two grape of Geniposidic acid, Aucubin and rosin spirit
Glucoside has large effect, and chlorogenic acid therein is heat-sensitive substance, when heating temperature is more than 70 DEG C, green original in leaching liquid
The content meeting rapid decrease of acid, it is therefore desirable to water soaking temperature be controlled, the present invention is continuously extracted using ultrasonic reverse back stream and set
It is standby to be extracted in temperature for 60-70 DEG C, while taking into account extracting efficiency, reduce the loss of nutritional ingredient.
(3) influence of pH value and sugar
The research achievement of inventor shows the protection of sugar content and pH value appropriate in beverage to nutritional ingredient in folium cortex eucommiae
It acts on more significant.Within the scope of certain sucrose concentration, the loss late of the ingredients such as flavones, chlorogenic acid is with sucrose concentration in beverage
Increase and reduce, this is because the increase of sugared content, declines the oxygen content in solution, inhibits the oxidation of flavones, chlorogenic acid
It decomposes.Therefore concentration prime cement preparation in be purposefully added 5% sucrose, meet the requirement that extract powder product stores for a long time, and
The sugar of the ratio has no effect on subsequent spray drying process.In later period beverage preparation according to production need be diluted with water sugar it is dense
Degree, will not influence the mouthfeel of product.
By on pH value on nutritional ingredient influence studies have shown that for eucommia bark flavone, resist under acidic environment
Oxidability is stronger, and antioxidant activity significantly reduces under alkaline environment；And for chlorogenic acid, Geniposidic acid, peach jaurel
For glucoside and Pinoresinol diglucoside, under acidic environment, thermal stability is also at preferable states, comprehensively consider it is different at
Point different to the influence degree of pH value, and combine drink and production process and organoleptic requirements, final choice is by the soda acid of concentrate
Degree is 3.5-4.0 by increasing the scheme of the food acids such as citric acid to deploy to PH, realizes flavones and chlorogenic acid to the maximum extent
Etc. Different Nutritions ingredient balance retain.
(4) embedding effect of beta-cyclodextrin
Inventor it has been investigated that, a certain proportion of beta-cyclodextrin is added in folium cortex eucommiae concentrate, can effectively inhibit
The loss of the nutritional ingredients such as flavones and chlorogenic acid, this is because beta-cyclodextrin main component is stable oligosaccharide, embedding is made
With the oxygenolysis for inhibiting the nutritional ingredients such as chlorogenic acid, flavones, thermal stability is improved.And suitable beta-cyclodextrin will not be right
The mouthfeel of product has an impact, and will not also impact to the process that Cortex Eucommiae concentrate spray drying prepares extract powder.
Embodiment one:
A kind of preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, comprising the following steps:
[1] preparation of folium cortex eucommiae extract powder:
[1.1] feedstock capture
The fresh folium cortex eucommiae for harvesting the current year 6-9 month is placed in circulation drying tunnel and is dried at 60 DEG C, so that folium cortex eucommiae contains
Water rate is lower than 13%, and cured leaf is stored in spare in the warehouse of ventilation lucifugal using black woven bag；
[1.2] water logging is extracted
Folium cortex eucommiae to be cleaned, cleaning is divided into two steps: folium cortex eucommiae is placed in pond and is cleaned using tap water by the first step,
Wash off the dust on blade face；Folium cortex eucommiae after cleaning is placed on conveyer belt by second step, is dripped after carrying out spray cleaning using pure water
It is dry；
By the folium cortex eucommiae after cleaning according to dry Cortex Eucommiae leaf raw material: the ratio of water=1:10 (mass ratio) is placed in ultrasonic reverse back
It flows continuous extract equipment to extract, temperature is 60 DEG C, and water logging extraction time is 3 hours；The work of the ultrasonic continuous extract equipment of reverse back stream
It is that the high-frequency signal issued by ultrasonic wave is converted into the cell that mechanical oscillating wave destroys extract by energy converter as principle
Wall dissolves in effective component with free state and completes extraction process in water, and ensures that the effective component of water and extract is quickly melted
Dissolution is closed, while effective component is not destroyed, extraction time and efficiency are significantly improved.The equipment can be automatic at low temperature real
Existing continuous feed and continuous discharge, have the characteristics that water-saving, energy conservation, recovery rate are high.
[1.3] filtering and concentrating
Leaching liquor is placed in inspissator and is concentrated, being concentrated into solid content is 20% or so.Inspissator is preferably double
Inspissator is imitated, which can be had using external heat Natural Circulation and negative pressure of vacuum mode according to enrichment factor come selection parameter
The features such as evaporation rate is fast, and cocnentration factor is great, pollution-free, easy to clean.
[1.4] protective agent adds
Citric acid, uniform and monitoring potential stirring while adding, until pH value is 3.5 are added in concentrated slurry；
Sucrose is added according still further to the ratio of 5% (mass ratio), the beta-cyclodextrin of 10% (mass ratio) is then added, folium cortex eucommiae concentration is made
Liquid；
The purpose that food acids, table sugar and beta-cyclodextrin is added is to prevent the oxygen of nutritional ingredient in folium cortex eucommiae in concentrate
Change loss, extends shelf lives, and have no effect on subsequent drink mouthfeel.
[1.5] it is spray-dried
Cortex Eucommiae concentrate is placed in spray drying tower and is spray-dried, folium cortex eucommiae extract powder is prepared, control into
Air temperature is 100 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 50 DEG C, and the moisture content for the folium cortex eucommiae extract powder being prepared is 5%-10%；
Material enters the hot wind progress that drying tower is atomization, sends with air inlet fan in dryer section through centrifugal spraying disk in implementation
Heat exchange, surface of material moisture evaporate rapidly, are landed the cone below equipment by dry extract powder, humid air is by arranging in tower
Blower is discharged, and institute's band particle is down in cone through Bag filter recycling and is mixed with extract powder in exhaust gas, automatic through rotating blanking valve
It flows out in tower.
[1.6] it stores
Manufactured folium cortex eucommiae extract powder is canned into sterile aluminum foil bag in clean workplace, and in air-conditioned cold store or freezer
It is stored, is prepared for beverage and other products, wherein the storage temperature of freezer is -10~-5 DEG C.
[2] filtering, homogeneous, sterilizing, filling
According to 15 parts of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 5 parts of mulberry extract powder, 5 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, 3 parts of Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder, lemon
0.05 part of acid, 0.07 part of malic acid, 0.075 part of sodium citrate, 0.05 part of sodium dehydroacetate, 0.05 part of calgon, pectin
0.05 part, yellow 0.12 part of glue of member, the ratio that 0.018 part of millefleurs weighs solid content, pure water is then added, wherein pure water
It is 15 times of solid content gross mass.60 DEG C are then heated to, stirring is sufficiently dissolved to solid content, by the mother liquor after ingredient through diatom
High pressure homogenizer is pumped into after native plate filter filtering and carries out homogeneous, and the drink after homogeneous passes through Pipeline transport to microwave sterilization machine
After sterilization, then it is filling into metal top pop tank, wherein the filtering accuracy of diatomite plate filter is 200 mesh, high pressure homogenizer
Homogenization pressure be 50kPa；The frequency of microwave is 2450MHz in sterilizing, and the temperature of beverage is controlled at 60 DEG C in sterilization process, is gone out
The time of bacterium, the total plate count of drink and yeast bacterial content were no more than state after sterilizing depending on drink flow and microwave power
Mark regulation.
[3] it is packed and stored
Packaging, labeling, vanning and coding storage.
Embodiment two:
The preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, comprising the following steps:
[1] preparation of folium cortex eucommiae extract powder:
[1.1] feedstock capture
The fresh folium cortex eucommiae for harvesting the current year 6-9 month is placed in circulation drying tunnel and is dried at 70 DEG C, so that folium cortex eucommiae contains
Water rate is lower than 13%, and cured leaf is stored in spare in the warehouse of ventilation lucifugal using black woven bag；
[1.2] water logging is extracted
Folium cortex eucommiae to be cleaned, cleaning is divided into two steps: folium cortex eucommiae is placed in pond and is cleaned using tap water by the first step,
Wash off the dust on blade face；Folium cortex eucommiae after cleaning is placed on conveyer belt by second step, is dripped after carrying out spray cleaning using pure water
It is dry；
By the folium cortex eucommiae after cleaning according to dry Cortex Eucommiae leaf raw material: the ratio of water=1:30 (mass ratio) is placed in ultrasonic reverse back
It flows continuous extract equipment to extract, temperature is 70 DEG C, and water logging extraction time is 4 hours；The work of the ultrasonic continuous extract equipment of reverse back stream
It is that the high-frequency signal issued by ultrasonic wave is converted into the cell that mechanical oscillating wave destroys extract by energy converter as principle
Wall dissolves in effective component with free state and completes extraction process in water, and ensures that the effective component of water and extract is quickly melted
Dissolution is closed, while effective component is not destroyed, extraction time and efficiency are significantly improved.The equipment can be automatic at low temperature real
Existing continuous feed and continuous discharge, have the characteristics that water-saving, energy conservation, recovery rate are high.
[1.3] filtering and concentrating
Leaching liquor is placed in inspissator and is concentrated, being concentrated into solid content is 30% or so.Inspissator is preferably double
Inspissator is imitated, which can be had using external heat Natural Circulation and negative pressure of vacuum mode according to enrichment factor come selection parameter
The features such as evaporation rate is fast, and cocnentration factor is great, pollution-free, easy to clean.
[1.4] protective agent adds
Citric acid, uniform and monitoring potential stirring while adding, until pH value is 4.0 are added in concentrated slurry；
Sucrose is added according still further to the ratio of 5% (mass ratio), the beta-cyclodextrin of 5% (mass ratio) is then added, folium cortex eucommiae concentration is made
Liquid；
The purpose that food acids, table sugar and beta-cyclodextrin is added is to prevent the oxygen of nutritional ingredient in folium cortex eucommiae in concentrate
Change loss, extend shelf lives, and since concentrate and extract powder are beverage and the intermediate product of other product configurations, and simultaneously
Subsequent drink mouthfeel is not influenced.
[1.5] it is spray-dried
Cortex Eucommiae concentrate is placed in spray drying tower and is spray-dried, folium cortex eucommiae extract powder is prepared, control into
Air temperature is 120 DEG C, and leaving air temp is 60 DEG C, and the moisture content for the folium cortex eucommiae extract powder being prepared is 5%-10%；
[1.6] it stores
Manufactured folium cortex eucommiae extract powder is canned into sterile aluminum foil bag in clean workplace, and in air-conditioned cold store or freezer
It is stored, is prepared for beverage and other products, wherein the storage temperature of freezer is -10~-5 DEG C.
[2] filtering, homogeneous, sterilizing, filling
According to 20 parts of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 8 parts of mulberry extract powder, 8 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, 5 parts of Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder, lemon
0.08 part of acid, 0.12 part of malic acid, 0.12 part of sodium citrate, 0.06 part of sodium dehydroacetate, 0.1 part of calgon, pectin 0.1
Part, yellow 0.15 part of glue of member, the ratio that 0.022 part of millefleurs weighs solid content, and pure water is then added, and wherein pure water is solid
20 times of shape object total amount.70 DEG C are then heated to, stirring is sufficiently dissolved to solid content, by the mother liquor after ingredient through diatomite sheet frame
High pressure homogenizer is pumped into after filter filtering and carries out homogeneous, and the drink after homogeneous is filling to after vial or plastic bottle, is delivered to
Microwave sterilization machine is sterilized；Wherein the filtering accuracy of diatomite plate filter is 400 mesh, the homogenization pressure of high pressure homogenizer
For 60kPa；The frequency of microwave is 2450MHz in sterilizing, and the temperature control of beverage is at 70 DEG C in sterilization process, the time root of sterilizing
Depending on drink flow and microwave power, the total plate count of drink and yeast bacterial content are no more than national regulations after sterilizing.
[3] it is packed and stored
Packaging, labeling, vanning and coding storage.
In order to be verified to above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention carried out respectively folium cortex eucommiae drying sunning comparative experiments,
Extraction temperature comparative experiments, pH value comparative experiments, pol comparative experiments, beta-cyclodextrin embedding experiment, and use chromatographic column and mark
Locating tab assembly method determines the content of the nutritional ingredients such as flavones, chlorogenic acid, Pinoresinol diglucoside.Experimental result is as follows:
(1) drying sunning comparative experiments
The fresh folium cortex eucommiae of picking is divided into three parts of phase homogenous quantities, carried out respectively fresh leaf directly extract, the sun
Under dry with the drying experiment of 60-70 DEG C of machine, wherein dried under the sun and continue one week under ventilated environment in the fall, use is identical
Process conditions are completed water logging and are extracted.Every group is tested in triplicate, takes its average value, measures the relative amount of its nutritional ingredient.Knot
Fruit is as shown in table 1.
The drying sunning control experiment result of table 1
| Flavones retention rate | Chlorogenic acid retention rate | |
| Fresh folium cortex eucommiae water logging is extracted | 100% | 100% |
| Sun sunning | 86.7% | 83.5% |
| Machine drying | 95.2% | 94.4% |
1 experimental data of table explanation, using 60-70 DEG C of machine drying technology, than being dried under traditional sun to flavones and green
10% or so reserved can be improved in ortho acid.
(2) extraction temperature control experiment
The Folium Eucommiae of equal mass is placed in water logging in extractor to extract, only changes water soaking temperature, other parameters are identical,
Setting at a temperature of heat 30 minutes, then kept for 3 hours at 60 DEG C, measure the relative amount of its nutritional ingredient.Every group
It tests in triplicate, takes its average value, the results are shown in Table 2.
2 extraction temperature control experiment of table
| Extraction temperature | 100℃ | 90℃ | 80℃ | 70℃ | 60℃ | 50℃ |
| Chlorogenic acid | 75.2% | 80.4% | 88.5% | 96.8% | 105.3% | 100% |
| Pinoresinol diglucoside | 73.3% | 79.1% | 85.5% | 92.2% | 98.2% | 100% |
2 experimental data of table explanation, extraction temperature are most important to the reservation of nutritional ingredient.
(3) pH value control experiment
Appropriate citric acid is added in leaching liquor, is adjusted pH to setting value, is kept in dark place 3 months at room temperature, measures its battalion
The relative amount formed point, every group is tested in triplicate, takes its average value, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3PH value control experiment
| PH value | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 |
| Chlorogenic acid | 110.3% | 104.6% | 103.5% | 100% |
| Flavones | 114.3% | 109.1% | 102.8% | 100% |
3 experimental data of table explanation, leaching liquor is under acidic environment, conducive to the long-term preservation of nutriment.
(4) pol control experiment
Suitable amount of sucrose is added in leaching liquor, is adjusted sugar content, is kept in dark place 3 months at room temperature, measures its nutritional ingredient
Relative amount, every group is tested in triplicate, takes its average value, the results are shown in Table 4.
4 pol control experiment of table
| Sugar content | 0% | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 25% | 30% |
| Chlorogenic acid | 83.4% | 92.0% | 94.6% | 97.1% | 97.2% | 97.9% | 100% |
| Flavones | 84.3% | 91.9% | 95.2% | 96.5% | 97.2% | 98.0% | 100% |
4 experimental data of table explanation, addition sucrose facilitate the long-term preservation of leaching liquor nutriment.
(5) beta-cyclodextrin embedding experiment
Suitable beta-cyclodextrin is added in leaching liquor, is adjusted adding proportion, is kept in dark place 3 months at room temperature, measures it
The relative amount of nutritional ingredient, every group is tested in triplicate, takes its average value, the results are shown in Table 5.
The embedding experiment of 5 beta-cyclodextrin of table
| Beta-cyclodextrin amount | 0% | 2% | 4% | 6% | 8% | 10% |
| Chlorogenic acid | 88.2% | 90.4% | 90.4% | 93.0% | 94.6% | 100% |
| Pinoresinol diglucoside | 90.2% | 93.6% | 93.0% | 95.6% | 97.8% | 100% |
5 experimental data of table explanation is added beta-cyclodextrin to folium cortex eucommiae leaching liquor, facilitates the long-term preservation of nutriment.
The present invention is on the factor for influencing folium cortex eucommiae nutritional ingredient in beverage and other product configurations, such as temperature, illumination, soda acid
Degree, sugar content etc. have carried out parameter optimization and control, are used successfully in the preparation of concentrate, and further experiment shows
For the present invention compared with traditional folium cortex eucommiae extractive technique, the ratio of the nutritional ingredients such as flavones, chlorogenic acid improves about 20%-30%,
To effectively reduce product nutrient component damages produced during the preparation process, it is ensured that Cortex Eucommiae leaf beverage and other products are good
Health-care efficacy.
The folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage color prepared according to the present invention is reddish brown bright, does not precipitate significantly, and have
The weak coffee fragrance of Cortex Eucommiae has the multiple health cares such as reducing blood lipid, blood pressure lowering, hypoglycemic, is able to satisfy modern sub-health population
Health care demand, wide market.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, which is characterized in that compound beverage by following material proportionally (mass ratio)
Pure water is added to be formulated: 15-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 5-8 parts of mulberry extract powder, 5-8 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, Gynostemma pentaphylla
3-5 parts of extract powder, 0.05-0.08 parts of citric acid, 0.07-0.12 parts of malic acid, 0.075-0.12 parts of sodium citrate, dehydroacetic acid
0.05-0.08 parts of sodium, 0.05-0.1 parts of calgon, 0.05-0.1 parts of pectin, yellow 0.12-0.15 parts of glue of member, millefleurs
0.018-0.022 parts；Wherein pure water is 15-20 times of total solid.
2. a kind of preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage, which comprises the following steps:
[1] preparation of folium cortex eucommiae extract powder:
[1.1] feedstock capture
After the fresh folium cortex eucommiae of acquisition is dried in 60-70 DEG C of drying tunnel, ventilation is stored in using the pack of black woven bag and is kept away
It is spare in the warehouse of light；
[1.2] water soluble method extracts
By the folium cortex eucommiae after cleaning according to dry folium cortex eucommiae: the ratio of water=1:30-50 (mass ratio) is placed in extractor and extracts,
Temperature is 60-70 DEG C, and extraction time is 3-4 hours；
[1.3] filtering and concentrating
It is 20-30% (mass ratio) to the accounting of prime cement that leaching liquor, which is concentrated into solid content,；
[1.4] protective agent adds
Food acids are added in concentrated slurry so that pH value be 5.4-5.6, add the table sugar of 5% (mass ratio), then plus
Folium cortex eucommiae concentrate is made in the beta-cyclodextrin for entering 5%-10% (mass ratio)；
[1.5] it is spray-dried
Cortex Eucommiae concentrate is placed in spray drying tower and is spray-dried, moisture content is prepared as the leaching of 5%-10% folium cortex eucommiae
Cream powder；The folium cortex eucommiae extract powder of preparation is placed in low-temperature storage in sterile aluminum foil bag, prepares for beverage；
[2] ingredient, filtering, homogeneous, sterilizing, filling
According to 15-20 parts of eucommia ulmoides extract powder, 5-8 parts of mulberry extract powder, 5-8 parts of moringa seeds extract powder, Gynostemma pentaphylla extract powder 3-5
Part, 0.05-0.08 parts of citric acid, 0.07-0.12 parts of malic acid, 0.075-0.12 parts of sodium citrate, sodium dehydroacetate 0.05-
0.08 part, 0.05-0.1 parts of calgon, 0.05-0.1 parts of pectin, yellow 0.12-0.15 parts of glue of member, millefleurs 0.018-
Pure water of 0.022 part of the quality than 15-20 times of solid content gross mass is added after weighing and burden, is heated to 60-70 DEG C, stirring is extremely
Solid content sufficiently dissolves, and is pumped into high pressure homogenizer after the filtering of diatomite plate filter and carries out homogeneous；Using microwave sterilization machine
It is sterilized, the temperature of beverage is controlled at 60-70 DEG C in sterilization process.
3. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.1]
The moisture content of middle folium cortex eucommiae is lower than 13%.
4. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.2]
In water for cleaning tap water and pure water is respectively adopted, wherein folium cortex eucommiae is placed in biography after being cleaned in pond with tap water
It send and takes, carry out spray with pure water and clean.
5. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.2]
It is middle to be extracted using the ultrasonic continuous extract equipment of reverse back stream.
6. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.3]
Middle folium cortex eucommiae leaching liquor is placed in dual-effect concentrator is concentrated.
7. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.5]
Middle food acids are citric acid.
8. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.4]
Middle table sugar is sucrose, white granulated sugar or fructose.
9. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: step [1.5]
The leaving air temp of middle spray drying tower is 50-60 DEG C.
10. the preparation method of folium cortex eucommiae lower hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia compound beverage according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step [2]
Drink is filling to after vial or plastic bottle by carrying out filling or drink after Pipeline transport to microwave sterilization machine sterilization, it is defeated
It send to microwave sterilization machine and is sterilized.
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