CN109362509B - Rice cultivation whole-course control method for improving yield - Google Patents
Rice cultivation whole-course control method for improving yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whole-course prevention and control method for rice cultivation for improving yield, which belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and can realize high safety and basically have no pesticide residue by carrying out whole-course prevention and control cultivation on the growth process of rice and using a biological agent to replace chemical pesticide; green and environment-friendly and high rice yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a rice cultivation whole-course prevention and control method for improving yield.
Background
The rice planting light pursues production, high quality is not required, and the price is difficult to be increased; light pursuits high quality without yield, and money is difficult to collect; therefore, high yield and high quality are performed synchronously. To achieve high yield and high quality, the general overview of the rice in life, water and fertilizer management, cultivation targets and overall solution of plant diseases and insect pests are comprehensively known, and farming season arrangement is well done to achieve overall control.
The rice life overview:
because the rice is mainly subjected to nitrogen and carbon metabolism in the early stage of growing roots, leaves and long-stem meridians, the rice is called nutrient health maintenance for a long time; the new seeds are formed due to the late stage of ear bearing, ear sprouting and maturation, and are called as the reproductive growth period. In the vegetative growth phase, the seedling stage, the tillering stage and the jointing stage are divided; the seedling stage can be divided into a bud stage, a seedling stage and a seedling stage; in the tillering stage, the tillering stage can be divided into an initial tillering stage, a full tillering stage and a final tillering stage. The jointing stage of rice is divided into overlapping type, linking type and separating type according to different rice varieties. During the reproductive growth period, the plant can be divided into a booting period, a heading period, a milk stage, a wax stage, a yellow stage and a withered stage.
The pregnancy period can be divided into eight periods:
in the first period: the first bud primordial differentiation phase (not visible); and a second stage: the first branch primordial differentiation stage (hair present); and a third stage: the second branch stem primordium and glume primordium differentiation period (clump); and a fourth stage: the differentiation stage of stamens and stamens (granulometry); and a fifth stage: pollen mother cell formation phase (glume fraction); the sixth stage: pollen mother cell meiosis stage (leaf occipital); the seventh stage: pollen content enrichment period (spike turning green); and an eighth stage: pollen finish stage (i.e. emergence). Since the booting stage is also accompanied by jointing and leaf growing, there is also vegetative growth, but it is divided into the reproductive growth phase for ease of management.
In the existing rice cultivation process, in order to keep high yield and low insect damage, a large amount of chemical pesticide is adopted, although the yield is improved and can reach 800 plus one mu, the product has a large amount of pesticide residues and great harm to human bodies; when some biological agents are used for controlling rice cultivation, insect pests can be reduced due to improper use, but the harvest of rice is greatly influenced, and generally only 400 jin per mu is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a rice cultivation whole-process control method for improving the yield, and the rice cultivation whole-process control method can realize high safety and basically has no pesticide residue by carrying out whole-process control cultivation on the growth process of rice and using a biological agent to replace chemical pesticide; green color and environmental protection and high rice yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a rice cultivation whole-course control method for improving yield,
for rice at the growth stage of 110-119 days;
the first prevention and control is carried out 12 to 15 days after the rice is transplanted,
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
3 days before ear emergence, the third prevention and control is carried out,
performing fourth prevention and treatment 3 days after the ear is trimmed;
for rice with the reproductive period of 120-135 days;
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted;
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
in the second stage of booting, the young pigs are prevented and treated for the third time,
the fourth prevention and cure is carried out 3 days before ear emergence,
performing fifth prevention and treatment 3 days after the ear is removed;
the pesticide applied to each control department consists of an insect-resistant agent and a bactericide. .
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the insect repellent is one of metarhizium anisopliae (registration Ls20160358), bacillus thuringiensis (registration PD20084969), cabbage looper polyhedrosis virus (registration PD20150817), beauveria bassiana (registration PD20120147), mineral oil (registration PD20132335), emamectin benzoate (registration PD20120459), brevipacter brevifolia (registration PD20130365), pinto masson (registration PD20101580) and abamectin (registration PD20110284), and the bactericide includes one of zhongshengmycin (registration PD20130210), kasugamycin (registration PD20151323), bacillus subtilis (registration PD20151323) and jinggangmycin (registration PD 033201520152015201520151).
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50mL-100 mI/mu: mixing 50g-100 g/mu;
and when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and Validamycin, and the content of the Empedobacter brevis and the Validamycin is 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 30-50 mL/mu;
when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis to the bacillus subtilis is 40-80 g/mu: mixing at 50-100 g/mu;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 40-80 mL/mu: mixing the mixture at a rate of 30-50 mL/mu.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 20-40 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 50-100 g/mu;
and when the third control is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin which are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 30-50 mL/mu;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 40-80 g/mu: mixing at 50-100 g/mu;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 40-80 mL/mu: mixing the mixture at a rate of 30-50 mL/mu.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and Validamycin, and the content of the Empedobacter brevis and the Validamycin is 100 mL/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 mL/mu.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing at 40 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and when the third control is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin which are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 mL/mu.
In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, for the rice with the growth period of 110-day and 119-day, in the drought years of the big outbreak of chilo suppressalis,
when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin, Empedobacter brevis and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: 50 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis and validamycin, and the weight ratio of the Empedobacter brevis to the validamycin is 50 mL/mu: 40 g/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
the medicaments used at the time of the third control are pongamia and kasugamycin, which are in a ratio of 50 mL/acre: mixing at 40 g/mu;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and rhizoctonia solani, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the rhizoctonia solani are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu.
In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, for the rice with the growth period of 120-; in the drought years of the outbreak of chilo suppressalis,
when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin, Empedobacter brevis and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: 50 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis and validamycin, and the weight ratio of the Empedobacter brevis to the validamycin is 50 mL/mu: 40 g/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
the medicaments used at the time of the third control are pongamia and kasugamycin, which are in a ratio of 50 mL/acre: mixing at 40 g/mu;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are mineral oil and Zhongshengmycin, and the mineral oil and the Zhongshengmycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and rhizoctonia solani, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the rhizoctonia solani are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu.
In a better technical scheme of the invention, the method further comprises green prevention and control, wherein the green prevention and control comprises planting vetiver grass on the tractor plowing road or the edge of a field, and throwing the rice borer trichogramma into the field before the third prevention and control, and the quantity of the thrown rice borer trichogramma is 11000-.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the number of the thrown rice borer trichogramma is 12000 per mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for preventing and treating the rice in the whole cultivation process for increasing the yield is obtained by a large number of experiments and repeated trial and verification, the method can be used for preventing and treating the rice in a specific growth period by applying pesticide, the whole cultivation process of the rice is monitored and prevented, the pesticide is applied at a specific time node, the safety of rice grains can be greatly improved, a large number of biological agents are adopted to replace the traditional chemical pesticide, no pesticide residue exists basically, or the residual pesticide cannot cause damage to human bodies and can be ignored, the pest prevention and treatment effect in the cultivation process of the rice is ensured, the yield of the rice is increased, the efficient, low-carbon, green and environment-friendly rice planting production is realized, and the requirements of modern green planting are met.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below by the specific embodiments.
Examples 1-4 Yueyou 9113 rice was used for planting, the growing period was 113 days; 13000 plants per mu; the types of the adopted medicaments are respectively as follows: metarhizium anisopliae (registration Ls20160358), Bacillus thuringiensis (registration PD20084969), cabbage looper polyhedrosis virus (registration PD20150817), Beauveria bassiana (registration PD20120147), mineral oil (registration PD20132335), emamectin benzoate (registration PD20120459), Stephania brevis (registration PD20130365), pinocembrin (registration PD20101580), abamectin (registration PD20110284), Zhongshengmycin (registration PD20130210), kasugamycin (registration PD20151323), Bacillus subtilis (registration PD 1322015201520151323) and jinggangmycin (registration PD 201520150331).
Example 1:
example 1 provides a method for controlling rice in the whole course of cultivation with improved yield,
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted; the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before the farmland is sunned, when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and Validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the Validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when third prevention and control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice.
Example 2:
example 2 provides a method for controlling rice growth with improved yield over the whole course of rice cultivation,
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted; the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 75 mL/mu: mixing at 75 g/mu, diluting with 17L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before the sun drying of the field, when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 75 mL/mu: mixing 40 mL/mu, diluting with 17L of water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when third prevention and control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 60 g/mu: mixing at 75 g/mu, diluting with 17L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 60 mL/mu: mixing 40 mL/mu, diluting with 17L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice.
Example 3
Example 3 provides a method for controlling rice growth with improved yield over the whole course of rice cultivation,
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted; the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing 50 g/mu, diluting with 16L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before the sun drying of the field, when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing the materials at a rate of 30 mL/mu, diluting the mixture with 16L of water, and uniformly spraying the diluted mixture on the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when third prevention and control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 40 g/mu: mixing 50 g/mu, diluting with 16L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 40 mL/mu: mixing the mixture at a rate of 30 mL/mu, diluting the mixture with 16L of water, and uniformly spraying the diluted mixture on the rice.
Example 4
Example 4 provides a method for controlling rice growth in a whole process with improved yield,
green prevention and control are implemented, and vetiver grass is planted beside the field before sowing;
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted; the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before the farmland is sunned, when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and Validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the Validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
throwing the rice borer trichogramma in the field before the third prevention, wherein the number of the thrown rice borer trichogramma is 12000 per mu, and evenly inoculating the rice borer trichogramma in 10 points;
3 days before ear emergence, when the third prevention and control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and spraying on the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice.
The rice harvest yields of examples 1 to 4 were calculated, and the average rice yield per mu in the examples was used as a test standard, and the rice pest damage directly affects the rice yield, so the rice yield in the examples was tested, and the results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the control effect was the best in example 4, and the yield of rice was the highest.
Example 5-example 8 super rice liangyou 1128 rice was used for planting, the growth period was 135 days; 13000 plants per mu;
example 5
Example 5 provides a method for controlling rice growth with improved yield over the whole course of rice cultivation,
12-15 days after the rice is transplanted, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used agents are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing at 40 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before the fields are exposed to the sun, when the second prevention and control is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
in the second stage of booting, when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin for the fifth control, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: 50 mL/mu of the mixture was diluted with 18L of water and sprayed evenly over the rice.
Example 6
Example 6 provides a method for controlling rice growth with improved yield over the whole course of rice cultivation,
12-15 days after the rice is transplanted, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used agents are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 75 mL/mu: mixing at 30 g/mu, diluting with 17L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days before the field is sunned, when the second prevention and control is carried out, the used agents are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 75 mL/mu: mixing at 75 g/mu, diluting with 17L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
in the second stage of booting ear, when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and Validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the Validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 75 mI/mu: mixing 40 mL/mu, diluting with 17L of water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 60 g/mu: mixing at 75 g/mu, diluting with 17L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin for the fifth control, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 60 mL/mu: 40 mL/mu of the mixture was diluted with 17L of water and sprayed evenly over the rice.
Example 7
Example 7 provides a method for controlling rice growth in a whole process with improved yield,
12-15 days after the rice is transplanted, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used agents are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing 20 g/mu, diluting with 16L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days before the fields are exposed to the sun, when the second prevention and control is carried out, the used agents are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing 50 g/mu, diluting with 16L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
in the second stage of booting, when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing the materials at a rate of 30 mL/mu, diluting the mixture with 16L of water, and uniformly spraying the diluted mixture on the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 40 g/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu, diluting with 16L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin for the fifth control, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 40 mL/mu: 30 mL/mu are mixed, diluted with 16L of water and sprayed evenly on the rice.
Example 8
Example 8 provides a method for controlling rice growth in a whole process with improved yield,
12-15 days after the rice is transplanted, when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used agents are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing at 40 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
3 days before the fields are exposed to the sun, when the second prevention and control is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
throwing the rice borer trichogramma in the field before the third prevention, wherein the number of the thrown rice borer trichogramma is 12000 per mu, and evenly inoculating the rice borer trichogramma in 10 points;
in the second stage of booting, when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin, and the Empedobacter brevis and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days before ear emergence, when fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
3 days after ear emergence, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin for the fifth control, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice.
The rice harvest yields of examples 5 to 8 were calculated, and the average rice yield per mu in the examples was used as a test standard, and the rice pest damage directly affects the rice yield, so the rice yield in the examples was tested, and the results are shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the control effect was the best in example 8, and the yield of rice was the highest.
Comparative examples 1 to 4 Yueyou 9113 rice was planted for 113 days in the growth period; 13000 plants per mu;
comparative example 1:
after the rice is transplanted, the prevention and the treatment are carried out once every 25 days, abamectin 100 mL/mu is adopted for prevention and treatment each time, 18L is used for dilution, the abamectin is uniformly sprayed above the rice, and the prevention and the treatment are carried out four times in total;
comparative example 2:
the first prevention and control is carried out 12 to 15 days after the rice is transplanted,
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
3 days before ear emergence, the third prevention and control is carried out,
performing fourth prevention and treatment 3 days after the ear is trimmed; the bacillus subtilis is used for 100 g/mu each time of prevention and treatment, diluted by 18L and uniformly sprayed on the rice for four times in total;
comparative example 3:
after the rice is transplanted, the prevention and treatment are carried out once every 25 days, the prevention and treatment are carried out for 80 g/mu of bacillus thuringiensis, 18L of bacillus thuringiensis is adopted for dilution, the bacillus thuringiensis is uniformly sprayed on the rice, and the prevention and treatment are carried out for four times in total;
comparative example 4:
after the rice is transplanted, the prevention and the treatment are carried out once every 25 days, the validamycin is prevented and treated 50 mL/mu each time, the validamycin is diluted by 18L and is uniformly sprayed above the rice, and the prevention and the treatment are carried out four times in total;
comparative example 5-comparative example 8 super rice liangyou 1128 rice was planted for 135 days; 13000 plants per mu;
comparative example 5:
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted;
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
in the second stage of booting, the young pigs are prevented and treated for the third time,
the fourth prevention and cure is carried out 3 days before ear emergence,
3 days after ear alignment, avermectin of 100 mL/mu is adopted for the fifth prevention and treatment, 18L is used for dilution, and the avermectin is uniformly sprayed above rice;
comparative example 6:
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted;
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
in the second stage of booting, the young pigs are prevented and treated for the third time,
the fourth prevention and cure is carried out 3 days before ear emergence,
fifth preventing and treating 3 days after ear picking
The bacillus subtilis is used for 100 g/mu each time, diluted by 18L and uniformly sprayed on the rice;
comparative example 7:
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted;
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
in the second stage of booting, the young pigs are prevented and treated for the third time,
the fourth prevention and cure is carried out 3 days before ear emergence,
fifth preventing and treating 3 days after ear picking
The control adopts 40 mL/mu of 30% emulsifiable concentrate of acephate, 20L of the emulsifiable concentrate is used for dilution, and the emulsifiable concentrate is uniformly sprayed on the rice;
comparative example 8:
after the rice is transplanted, the prevention and treatment are carried out once every 25 days, 40 mL/mu of acephate 30% missible oil is adopted for each pesticide application, 20L of acephate is used for dilution, the acephate is uniformly sprayed on the rice, and the pesticide application is carried out four times in total;
the rice harvest obtained in comparative examples 1 to 8 is calculated, and the average yield per mu of rice in the examples is used as a detection standard, and the rice pest damage directly affects the yield of rice, so the rice yield in the examples is detected, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 3, in the comparative examples, the effect was not very good when the biological agent was not used according to the time node or when the biological agent was not used according to the time node but the combination was not used, and the yield of rice using methamidophos as the chemical agent was the highest.
The residual acephate of the paddy rice obtained in the examples 1 to 8 and the comparative examples 1 to 8 is detected according to GB/T5009.103-2003, and if the residual amount of the acephate is more than 0.05mg/kg, the standard is not met; the results obtained are shown in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4
As can be seen from table 4, the acephate residue was not detected in any of examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 1 to 6, whereas the acephate residue was detected in any of comparative examples 7 and 8 and did not meet the edible standard.
In the drought years of major outbreaks of chilo suppressalis:
example 9
Example 9 provides a method for controlling rice in the whole breeding process with improved yield, planting Yueyou 9113 rice, in the growth period of 113 days; 13000 plants per mu;
when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin, Empedobacter brevis and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: 50 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis and validamycin, and the weight ratio of the Empedobacter brevis to the validamycin is 50 mL/mu: 40 g/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
the medicaments used at the time of the third control are pongamia and kasugamycin, which are in a ratio of 50 mL/acre: mixing at 40 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and rhizoctonia solani, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the rhizoctonia solani are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the rice.
Example 10
Example 10 provides a method for controlling rice in the whole cultivation process with improved yield, which comprises planting 1128 liangyou super rice in 135 days of growth period; 13000 plants per mu;
when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin, Empedobacter brevis and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: 50 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis and validamycin, and the weight ratio of the Empedobacter brevis to the validamycin is 50 mL/mu: 40 g/mu: mixing 50 mL/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
the medicaments used at the time of the third control are pongamia and kasugamycin, which are in a ratio of 50 mL/acre: mixing at 40 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and uniformly spraying on the upper part of the rice;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are mineral oil and Zhongshengmycin, and the mineral oil and the Zhongshengmycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: mixing 50 g/mu, diluting with 18L of water, and uniformly spraying on the rice;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and rhizoctonia solani, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the rhizoctonia solani are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu, diluting with 18L water, and spraying on the rice.
Comparative example 9
Comparative example 9 Yueyou 9113 rice was planted in the growth period of 113 days; 13000 plants per mu; after the rice is transplanted, the pesticide application control is carried out once every 25 days, abamectin 100 mL/mu is adopted for each pesticide application control, 18L is used for dilution, the abamectin is uniformly sprayed on the rice, and the pesticide application control is carried out four times in total.
Comparative example 10
Comparative example 10, planting 1128 super rice with 135 days of growth period; 13000 plants per mu; performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted;
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
in the second stage of booting, the young pigs are prevented and treated for the third time,
the fourth prevention and cure is carried out 3 days before ear emergence,
the fifth prevention and treatment is carried out 3 days after the ear trimming,
the abamectin is used for controlling at 100 mL/mu each time, diluted by 18L and uniformly sprayed above the rice;
the rice harvest obtained in example 9, example 10, comparative example 9 and comparative example 10 was calculated, and the average rice yield per mu in the examples was used as the detection standard, and the rice pest damage directly affects the rice yield, so the rice yield in the examples was detected, and the results are shown in table 5 below:
while the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the scope of the claims of the present application are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A rice cultivation whole-course control method for improving yield is characterized in that:
for rice at the growth stage of 110-119 days;
the first prevention and control is carried out 12 to 15 days after the rice is transplanted,
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
3 days before ear emergence, the third prevention and control is carried out,
performing fourth prevention and treatment 3 days after the ear is trimmed;
for rice with the reproductive period of 120-135 days;
performing first control 12-15 days after the rice is transplanted;
the second prevention and control is carried out 3 days before the farmland is sunned,
in the second stage of booting, the young pigs are prevented and treated for the third time,
the fourth prevention and cure is carried out 3 days before ear emergence,
performing fifth prevention and treatment 3 days after the ear is removed;
the medicament applied each time consists of an insect-resistant agent and a bactericide;
the insect-resistant agent is one of metarhizium anisopliae, bacillus thuringiensis, cabbage looper polyhedrosis virus, beauveria bassiana, mineral oil, emamectin benzoate, Stenobilis, pinto and abamectin, and the bactericide comprises one of zhongshengmycin, kasugamycin, bacillus subtilis and validamycin;
for rice at the growth stage of 110-119 days; when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing 50g-100 g/mu;
and when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin which are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 30-50 mL/mu;
when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the mass ratio of the bacillus thuringiensis to the bacillus subtilis is 40-80 g/mu: mixing at 50-100 g/mu;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 40-80 mL/mu: mixing at 30-50 mL/mu;
for rice with the reproductive period of 120-135 days; when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 20-40 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 50-100 g/mu;
and when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin which are mixed according to the ratio of 50-100 mL/mu: mixing at 30-50 mL/mu;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 40-80 g/mu: mixing at 50-100 g/mu;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 40-80 mL/mu: mixing the mixture at a rate of 30-50 mL/mu.
2. The whole-course control method for rice cultivation with improved yield according to claim 1, characterized in that:
for rice at the growth stage of 110-119 days; when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin which are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, and the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 mL/mu.
3. The whole-course control method for rice cultivation with improved yield according to claim 1, characterized in that:
for rice with the reproductive period of 120-135 days; when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin and kasugamycin, and the abamectin and the kasugamycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing at 40 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and when the third prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are Empedobacter brevis and validamycin which are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 80 g/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and validamycin, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the validamycin are mixed according to a ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 mL/mu.
4. The whole-course control method for rice cultivation with improved yield according to claim 1, characterized in that:
for the rice with the growth period of 110-119 days, in the drought years of the big outbreak of chilo suppressalis,
when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin, Empedobacter brevis and bacillus subtilis, and the abamectin, the Empedobacter brevis and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 50 mL/mu: 50 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis and validamycin, and the weight ratio of the Empedobacter brevis to the validamycin is 50 mL/mu: 40 g/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
the medicaments used at the time of the third control are both pino and kasugamycin, which are in accordance with a ratio of 100 mL/acre: mixing at 40 g/mu;
and when the fourth control is carried out, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and rhizoctonia solani, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the rhizoctonia solani are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: and (5) controlling by mixing 100 mL/mu.
5. The whole-course control method for rice cultivation with improved yield according to claim 1, characterized in that:
for rice with the reproductive period of 120-135 days; in the drought years of the outbreak of chilo suppressalis,
when the first prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are abamectin, Empedobacter brevis and bacillus subtilis, and the emamectin benzoate and the bacillus subtilis are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: 100 mL/mu: mixing 100 g/mu;
when the second prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are emamectin benzoate, bacillus thuringiensis and validamycin, and the weight ratio of the Empedobacter brevis to the validamycin is 100 mL/mu: 40 g/mu: mixing the materials at a ratio of 50 mL/mu;
the medicaments used at the time of the third control are both pino and kasugamycin, which are in accordance with a ratio of 100 mL/acre: mixing at 40 g/mu;
and when the fourth prevention and treatment is carried out, the used medicaments are mineral oil and Zhongshengmycin, and the mineral oil and the Zhongshengmycin are mixed according to the ratio of 100 mL/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu;
and in the fifth control, the used medicaments are metarhizium anisopliae and rhizoctonia solani, wherein the metarhizium anisopliae and the rhizoctonia solani are mixed according to the ratio of 80 mL/mu: mixing at 50 g/mu.
6. The whole-course control method for rice cultivation with improved yield according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that:
the method also comprises green prevention and control, wherein the green prevention and control comprises the steps of planting vetiver grass on the tractor plowing channel or the edge of a field, and throwing the rice borer trichogramma into the field before the third prevention and control, and the number of the thrown rice borer trichogramma is 11000-.
7. The whole-course control method for rice cultivation with improved yield according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the number of the applied rice borer trichogramma is 12000 per mu.
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