CN109354730A - 一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109354730A
CN109354730A CN201811001003.1A CN201811001003A CN109354730A CN 109354730 A CN109354730 A CN 109354730A CN 201811001003 A CN201811001003 A CN 201811001003A CN 109354730 A CN109354730 A CN 109354730A
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陈福珍
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JIAXING BOFA NEW PLASTIC Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法。本发明方法包括如下步骤：按质量份数计，采用100份丁腈橡胶加氯化聚乙烯8~90份，硫化剂1~5份，促进剂1~3份，主发泡剂3~10份，复合调节发泡剂1~8份，在100~190℃下加热10~100分钟，得到改性丁腈橡胶(NBR)发泡材料。本发明方法优点为：显著改善了NBR发泡材料的耐臭氧性耐热老化性能；提升了NBR发泡材料的阻燃性、耐磨性和拉伸强度；明显降低了NBR发泡材料的产品成本，同时保持有良好的生产工艺性；具备更佳的环境友好性；所得改性NBR发泡材料具有良好的物性和泡孔稳定性；工艺简单、易于控制。

Description

一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化学化工技术领域，尤其涉及一种丁腈橡胶(NBR)发泡材料的制备方法。
技术背景
海绵橡胶是一种疏松多孔结构的橡胶，具有良好的回弹性和屈挠性能；同时具有高效的减震，隔音隔热性能，广泛应用于密封，消音，减震等方面。
按照气孔组织的不同，海绵橡胶可分为：开孔(联孔)，闭孔(单孔)和混合孔三种；按照使用场所选择材质，能够制造海绵橡胶的品种如天然橡胶(NR)，氯丁橡胶(CR)，丁腈橡胶(NBR)，三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)，丁苯橡胶(SBR)，硅橡胶(MQ)等。
通用型丁腈橡胶(NBR)是由丁二烯-(1，3)和丙烯腈共聚而成，以具备优异的耐油性著称。其不仅广泛应用于制作橡胶弹性体，也是大宗海绵橡胶制品的良好基础材料。
由于海绵橡胶制品为多孔结构，表面积较大，容易老化，尤其丁腈橡胶内嵌有双键，其耐臭氧和耐热老化性能尤为不佳。所以，采用共混改性丁腈橡胶不失为一个有效的方法，不仅提升了耐候耐老化及耐油耐磨性能，同时可以显著降低原料成本，并一定程度上改善了生产工艺性。
基于共混改性丁腈橡胶能够取得的明显功效，目前可以共混的第二组份材料主要有橡胶和塑料二大类(无机物和纤维填充改性不在此详述)。例如：
丁苯橡胶(SBR)与丁腈橡胶(NBR)具有较好的相容性，其共混产品不仅耐寒性提高，同时成本有所降低。如采用高含丙烯腈量的丁腈橡胶100份，配合20份丁苯橡胶，则可减少共混硫化胶的耐油性下降的不足。
天然橡胶(NR)同样存有不饱和双键，与丁腈橡胶的硫化体系相似。当加入20份天然橡胶时，并用硫化胶不仅保持了原有的高强度，同时可改善低温性及生产工艺性能。
酚醛树脂与丁腈橡胶的相容性良好。如共混50份酚醛树脂的丁腈并用橡胶，其硬度、耐磨性和抗拉强度均有提高，并改进了绝缘性、耐热性及成型工艺性能。
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是一种通用塑料，和丁腈橡胶并用已成为物性良好的聚合物合金。不仅显著改善了丁腈橡胶的耐臭氧耐热老化性，同时在耐磨性、耐油性、阻燃性和加工工艺性方面有所提升。
前述橡胶或塑料与丁腈橡胶共混应用作为并用硫化胶弹性体的实用产品已有出现多年，但运用于发泡丁腈橡胶的实例相对较少，最普遍常见的一种就是NBR+PVC共混体系的海绵橡胶。
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是一种具有较好综合物性的通用塑料。但由于生产过程中氯乙烯的危害性及处置废弃PVC形成的二噁英致癌物，使其应用前景蒙上了一层阴影，尤其在目前全球环保日益高涨的背景下，虽然尚未明令禁用，但已被日本、欧盟列入不受欢迎名单。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法。
本发明方法包括如下步骤：按质量份数计，采用100份丁腈橡胶加氯化聚乙烯8~90份，硫化剂1~5份，促进剂1~3份，主发泡剂3~10份，复合调节发泡剂1~8份，塑化混炼；在100~190℃下加热10~100分钟，得到改性丁腈橡胶(NBR)发泡材料。
在以上配方中还可以按照现有技术加入其他辅助性成分。
本发明方法可以采用模压法和常压法。
模压法的具体步骤为：将已经按照配方塑化混炼完毕的胶料出片，置于模腔内；控制平板硫化机温度为110~170℃，硫化压力10Mpa，加热10~50分钟，迅速开模得到改性NBR发泡材料；必要时该材料需再在190℃硫化50分钟。
常压法的具体步骤为：将已经按照配方塑化混炼完毕的胶料，通过挤出机成片，随即置于有着100~180℃不同温度分区的烘炉内，40分钟后从烘炉内取出即得到改性NBR发泡材料。
所述硫化剂可采用现有技术，如硫磺，或硫的过氧化物如过氧化硫等。
所述促进剂可采用现有技术，如M，DM，CZ等。
所述主发泡剂可采用现有技术，如AC发泡剂等。
所述复合调节发泡剂可采用现有技术，如选自如下物质的一种或几种混合：发泡剂H，OBSH，碳酸氢钠等。
本发明针对的是CPE改性NBR的发泡材料，采取氯化聚乙稀(CPE)替代聚氯乙烯(PVC)。氯化聚乙稀(CPE)的反应单体和生产过程都完全不同于PVC，具有饱和的主链结构，因而耐油性、耐候、耐臭氧性，阻燃性良好。CPE产品形态有颗粒状或粒径15-60um的粉末状，有利于共混和混炼过程中得到更好更快的分散性和均匀性。随着调节含氯量的不同，CPE可拥有橡胶或塑料的特征区别，从而可以在更大范围内调整与丁腈橡胶的共混体系，用于开发特定的使用性能而更好地满足一些专门用途。
本发明方法具有以下优点：
1、显著改善了NBR发泡材料的耐臭氧性耐热老化性能；
2、提升了NBR发泡材料的阻燃性、耐磨性和拉伸强度；
3、明显降低了NBR发泡材料的产品成本，同时保持有良好的生产工艺性；
4、具备更佳的环境友好性；
5、所得改性NBR发泡材料具有良好的物性和泡孔稳定性；
6、工艺简单、易于控制。
具体实施方式：
下面结合实施例对本发明内容做进一步详细说明：
步骤1)：配置原料。
对比配方A
300gCPE和30g氯化石蜡在60℃下预混合，所得预混物在开炼机上分别大小辊距薄通塑化，然后分批加入1000gNBR共混掺合，其间分二次间隔加入小料如硫磺10g，硬脂酸20g，促进剂M10g，发泡剂AC50g，复合调节发泡剂(发泡剂H+OBSH)80g，槽法炭黑200g，混合均匀后薄通三角包3-5次，大辊距出片。
对比配方B
200gCPE和25g氯化石蜡在70℃下预混合，所得预混物在开炼机上分别大小辊距薄通塑化。然后分批加入2000gNBR共混掺合，其间分二次间隔加入小料如硫磺50g，促进剂CZ40g，硼酸50g，，发泡剂AC300g，复合调节发泡剂(发泡剂H+碳酸氢钠)20g，防老剂D20g，半补强炭黑600g，薄通三角包3-5次，大辊距出片。
对比配方C
700gCPE和180gDOP在80℃下预混合，所得预混物在开炼机上分别大小辊距薄通塑化，之后分批加入700gNBR共混，其间分二次间隔加入小料如硫磺35g，促进剂DM21g，硬脂酸50g，发泡剂AC70g，复合调节发泡剂(OBSH+碳酸氢钠)35g，槽法炭黑180g，薄通三角包3-5次，大辊距出片。
步骤2)：加热。加热通过以下两种形式实施。
一、模压法
发泡举例1
取对比配方A400g，控制平板硫化机温度110℃，硫化压力10Mpa，加热50min后迅速开模得到改性NBR海绵橡胶，该发泡材料再于190℃后硫化50min。其典型物理性能为：密度0.07g/cm3，拉伸强度0.4Mpa，拉断伸长率130％。
发泡举例2
取对比配方B400g，控制平板硫化机温度170℃，硫化压力10Mpa，加热10min后迅速开模得到改性NBR海绵橡胶。其典型物理性能为：密度0.11g/cm3，拉伸强度0.5Mpa，拉断伸长率100％。
二、常压法
发泡举例3
取对比配方C通过挤出机成片，随即放置于分区温度为100~180℃烘炉内(如采用长型烘炉，其中设置的最低温度100℃，最高温度180℃)，加热40min，冷却放置即得改性NBR海绵橡胶。其典型物理性能为：密度0.09g/cm3，拉伸强度0.6Mpa，拉断伸长率90％。

Claims (3)

1.一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
1)按质量份数计，采用100份丁腈橡胶加氯化聚乙烯8～90份，硫化剂1～5份，促进剂1～3份，主发泡剂3～10份，复合调节发泡剂1～8份，塑化混炼；所述主发泡剂为AC发泡剂，所述复合调节发泡剂选自如下之一或一种以上混合：发泡剂H、OBSH、碳酸氢钠；
2)将步骤1)塑化混炼完毕的胶料，通过挤出机成片，随即置于有着100～180℃不同温度分区的烘炉内，40分钟后取出烘炉即得到改性丁腈橡胶发泡材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述硫化剂为硫磺。
3.如权利要求1所述的丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法，其特征在于所述促进剂选自如下之一：M、DM、CZ。
CN201811001003.1A 2018-08-30 2018-08-30 一种丁腈橡胶发泡材料的制备方法 Pending CN109354730A (zh)

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CN113214546A (zh) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-06 七彩新型材料集团有限公司 一种新型保温阻燃橡胶材料

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