CN109339073B - A device and method for supporting soft rock and hard rock interbed rock mass slope and realizing surface greening - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for supporting soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass slopes and realizing surface greening, comprising a plurality of prefabricated excavation grooves installed in a plurality of soft rock strata excavation grooves on soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass slopes In the greening structure, every two prefabricated greening structures are connected by connecting pieces to form an overall stress skeleton; in the prefabricated greening structure, the interior of the container body made of reinforced concrete is separated by planting groove partitions and water storage area partitions into plantings. The top of the container body of the water storage area and the fertilizer storage area is provided with a cover body, the cover body of the water storage area is provided with a water inlet, and the two side walls of the water storage area are provided with a plurality of Seepage holes in the water storage area. The device and method provided by the invention for supporting the interlayered rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock and realizing surface greening can solve the problem that the soft rock softens and empties after encountering water, and the upper rock layer gradually collapses or is caused by weathering, Rain erosion and other causes of surface rock mass loss, green belt fall off, and frequent water and fertilizer replenishment.

Description

A device used to support the interbedded rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock and realize surface greening setup and method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of slope greening, in particular to a device and method for supporting the slope of a rock mass interbedded with soft rock and hard rock and realizing surface greening.

Background technique

Due to the frequent formation of unstable engineering slopes such as highway construction and reservoir excavation, such slopes are usually rock slopes with interbedded soft rocks and hard rocks (soft and hard rocks are distributed in layers). The slope protection methods used for rock mass slopes interlayered with hard rocks are usually reinforced concrete surfaces, sloping rubble surfaces, or planting plants on weak rock formations. Moreover, as time goes by, the reinforced concrete surface and the screed surface will be weathered and even damaged, and the later remediation costs will be high. The latter uses plant communities to stabilize the slope and maintain the soil to a certain extent. It cannot involve deep soil, and cannot prevent the collapse of deep soil or the sliding of extremely thick soil layers, and cannot achieve continuous water supply to green plants.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for supporting the interlayered rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock and realizing surface greening, which can solve the problem that the soft rock softens and empties after encountering water, and the upper rock layer gradually occurs Collapse or loss of surface rock mass due to weathering, rain erosion, etc., green belt falling off, frequent replenishment of water and fertilizer, and at the same time, it plays the role of supporting the slope, storing water, and resisting drought.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a device for supporting the interlayer rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock and realizing surface greening,

It includes a plurality of prefabricated greening structures installed in the excavation grooves of a plurality of soft rock layers on the interbedded rock mass slopes of soft rock and hard rock, and each two prefabricated greening structures are connected by connecting pieces to form an overall stress skeleton;

In the prefabricated greening structure, the interior of the container body made of reinforced concrete is divided into a planting area, a water storage area and a fertilizer storage area by the planting tank partition and the water storage area partition. The top of the container body in the water storage area and the fertilizer storage area is set There is a cover body, the cover body of the water storage area is provided with a water inlet, the two side walls of the water storage area are provided with a plurality of water storage area seepage holes, and the inner wall of the fertilizer storage area near the deep soft rock side is provided with multiple a water seepage hole in the fertilizer storage area, and a unidirectional liquid-guiding membrane in the fertilizer storage area is installed on the inner wall;

A plurality of water seepage holes are arranged on the partition plate of the water storage area, and a one-way liquid-conducting membrane of the water storage area is installed on the partition plate of the water storage area.

The connector includes reinforced concrete pads arranged on both sides of the prefabricated greening structure, and every two reinforced concrete pads of the prefabricated greening structure are connected by connecting blocks to form an integral stress skeleton.

The connecting block is an arched reinforced concrete prefabricated block or a reinforced concrete pad.

The cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated greening structure is rectangular or circular.

A filter screen and an anti-evaporation cover which is inclined at a certain angle to the horizontal plane are installed at the water inlet of the water storage area.

A grass planting board is arranged above the filter screen.

A plurality of hard rock grass planting boards are laid on the surface of the hard rock layer of the interlayered rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock.

A method for the above-mentioned device to be used for the greening of the surface layer of the interbedded rock mass of soft rock and hard rock, the method comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Cut the interbedded rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock into a certain angle according to the engineering geological conditions;

Step 2: Prefabricated prefabricated greening structure: The container body is made of reinforced concrete, the inside of the container body is poured to make the planting trough partition and the water storage area partition, and the filter screen and the anti-evaporation cover are installed at the water inlet of the water storage area. Reinforced concrete pads are set on both sides of the greening structure, and slow-release fertilizers are filled in the fertilizer storage area;

Step 3: Excavate the soft rock stratum excavation groove on the soft rock stratum on the interbedded rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock, install the prefabricated greening structure into the soft rock stratum excavation groove, and backfill the excavation on both sides of the prefabricated green structure The upper side of the rock mass is covered with mortar and fixed;

Step 4: excavate the next weak rock stratum excavation groove in sequence and repeat step 3 to install the prefabricated greening structure into the soft rock stratum excavation groove, until the soft rock stratum is evenly distributed with prefabricated greening structures;

Step 5: Connect every two prefabricated greening structures on the same soft rock stratum through arched reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks or reinforced concrete pads to form an overall stress skeleton;

Step 6: Lay hard rock grass planting boards on the surface of the hard rock layer on the slope of the soft rock and the hard rock interbedded rock mass;

Step 7: Remove the filter screen at the water inlet of the water storage area, fill the water storage area with water until it is full, reinstall the filter screen to the water inlet, and lay a grass planting board on the filter screen;

Step 8: Backfill the planting soil or excavated mudstone in the planting area of each prefabricated greening structure;

Step 9: Plant plants on the surface layer of the rock mass slope interbedded with soft rock and hard rock including the grass planting board, the hard rock layer grass planting board and the planting area, that is, complete the greening of the surface layer of the rock mass slope with the interbedded soft rock and hard rock.

In step 1, the angle formed by cutting the interbedded rock mass slope of the soft rock and the hard rock is 30-60 degrees according to the engineering geological conditions.

The device provided by the present invention is used to support the interlayer rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock and realize surface greening, and the beneficial effects are as follows:

1. The method of replacing weak rock formations with prefabricated greening structures is proposed for the first time, choosing to excavate in weak rock formations that are easy to excavate, and can be directly excavated manually with air picks. Prefabricated greening structures and reinforced concrete pads are sufficient to support the hard rock formations. Compared with blasting and excavation in hard rock layers, it saves nearly 1/2 of the construction cost, and the project cost is extremely low.

2. The prefabricated greening structure, connecting blocks and hard rock layers form an overall stress skeleton, which plays the role of jointly supporting the slope, which solves the problem that the soft rock layer softens and loses strength after encountering water and then collapses and empties. the problem of collapse.

3. The connection block adopts two designs of arched reinforced concrete prefabricated block or reinforced concrete cushion block. The connection block form can be reasonably selected by adjusting the distance between the prefabricated greening structures, and the "short span + reinforced concrete cushion block can be adopted according to the actual situation. ” or “large span + arched reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks”, play the arching effect, make rational use of the structure, and save a lot of labor on the premise of ensuring the bearing capacity of the support system.

4. Combining plant measures and engineering protection, giving full play to their respective advantages, effectively solving the contradiction between slope engineering protection and ecological environment damage, not only ensuring the stability of the slope, but also realizing the rapid restoration of slope vegetation. To achieve the harmonious coexistence of human activities and the natural environment.

5. The prefabricated greening structure has various cross-sectional forms (rectangular, circular, triangular, etc.), and is simple to manufacture. Different cross-sectional forms can be selected according to the actual situation, and the structure can be used reasonably to achieve different strength requirements; the planting area can be set to different shapes , to meet different aesthetic requirements, its controllability is strong, and it is suitable for a variety of working conditions.

6. The water storage area of the prefabricated green structure can collect slope runoff, and a large amount of water can be stored in the water storage area. Nutrients are supplied to the slope plants through the multiple water storage area seepage holes on both sides of the water storage area. When the water area is full of water, it can maintain continuous water for 2-3 months. When the rain is abundant, it hardly needs manual maintenance. It can also be artificially supplied in dry seasons, and the operation is simple. In long-term dry areas, the length of the water storage area can be increased, and its water storage capacity can be increased, which solves the maintenance problems such as the need for long-term water supply for traditional plant protection.

7. The anti-evaporation cover on the water storage area can maximize the liquefaction and reflux of the evaporated water without hindering the water supply, which can prevent the evaporation of water and save water resources.

8. The fertilizer storage area is filled with slow-release fertilizer, and the nutrients needed by the plants are slowly released during the growth of the plants for about 3-5 years to ensure the survival rate of the plants. After the nutrients are released, the plants and the external environment form a self-replacement ecosystem. achieve self-sufficient growth.

9. The design of the one-way liquid-conducting membrane in the fertilizer storage area and the one-way liquid-conducting membrane in the water storage area. The one-way liquid-conducting membrane in the fertilizer storage area absorbs the water in the deep rock formation to ensure that the weak rock layer is not softened, and the water enters the storage area through the one-way liquid guiding membrane in the water storage area. The water in the water storage area can only be released to the slope vegetation through the seepage holes in the water storage area.

10. It can save a lot of construction costs, simple operation, strong flexibility, adaptable to various terrains, short construction period, long use time, low labor maintenance costs in the later period, only need to add a small amount of water in extremely dry conditions, and can be recycled The utility model has the advantages of energy saving and environmental protection, and has a good application prospect.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the device of the present invention, and the planting area of this structure extends to the outermost edge of the side slope;

3 is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated greening structure of the device of the present invention, and the cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated greening structure is a rectangle at this time;

4 is a top view of the prefabricated greening structure of the device of the present invention, and the cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated greening structure is rectangular at this time;

5 is a schematic diagram of the overall stress skeleton formed by a plurality of prefabricated greening structures and arched reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks of the present invention, and the cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated greening structures is rectangular at this time;

6 is a schematic diagram of the overall stress skeleton formed by a plurality of prefabricated greening structures and arched reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks of the present invention, and the cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated greening structures is circular at this time;

Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram that two kinds of stress skeletons of "short-span+reinforced concrete block" or "large-span+arched reinforced concrete prefabricated block" of the present invention are arranged on the same slope, and the cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated green structure is rectangular at this time;

8 is a schematic diagram of a semicircle used in the planting area of the device of the present invention;

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram that the planting area of the device of the present invention adopts groove type;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the application of the device of the present invention to a rock mass slope with interbedded soft rock and hard rock in which the soft rock layer is inclined upward.

Detailed ways

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 6, a device for supporting the interbedded rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock and realizing surface greening,

Including a plurality of prefabricated greening structures 11 installed in the excavation grooves of a plurality of soft rock layers on the interlayer rock mass slopes of soft rock and hard rock, and each two prefabricated greening structures 11 are connected by connecting pieces to form an overall stress skeleton ;

In the prefabricated greening structure 11, the interior of the container body made of reinforced concrete is divided into the planting area 3, the water storage area 6 and the fertilizer storage area 8 by the planting tank partition plate 20 and the water storage area partition plate 21. The top of the container body of the fertilizer area 8 is provided with a cover body, the cover body of the water storage area 6 is provided with a water inlet 19, and the two side walls of the water storage area 6 (the upper part from the bottom 1/3 of the height) are provided with a plurality of Water seepage holes 7 (10 mm in diameter) in the water storage area, a plurality of seepage holes in the fertilizer storage area are provided on the inner wall 9 of the fertilizer storage area 8 near the deep soft rock side, and the inner wall 9 is installed with a one-way liquid guide for the fertilizer storage area. membrane;

The water storage area partition plate 21 is provided with a plurality of partition water seepage holes, and the water storage area partition plate 21 is provided with a water storage area one-way liquid-conducting membrane.

The connector includes reinforced concrete pads 12 arranged on both sides of the prefabricated greening structure 11 , and each two reinforced concrete pads 12 of the prefabricated greening structure 11 are connected with the connecting block through ground anchor bolts 15 to form an integral stress skeleton.

The connection block is an arched reinforced concrete prefabricated block 13 or a reinforced concrete spacer block 14. The connection block form can be reasonably selected by adjusting the distance between the prefabricated greening structures. According to the actual situation, a "short span (0.5-1 m) + steel bar can be used. In the form of "concrete pad" or "large span (1-2 meters) + arched reinforced concrete prefabricated block", the arching effect is exerted, the structure is rationally utilized, and a lot of labor is saved on the premise of ensuring the bearing capacity of the support system, as shown in Figure 5 - As shown in Figure 7.

The cross-sectional shape of the prefabricated greening structure 11 is a rectangle or a circle.

The water inlet 19 of the water storage area 6 is provided with a filter screen 4 and an anti-evaporation cover 5 which is inclined at a certain angle to the horizontal plane.

A grass planting board 10 is arranged above the filter screen 4 .

A plurality of hard rock layer grass planting boards 18 are laid on the surface of the hard rock layer 1 on the side slope of the soft rock and the hard rock interlayered rock mass.

The reinforced concrete backing plate 12 is provided with mounting bolt holes 17 .

The water and fertilizer circulation process in the device is as follows:

The slow-release fertilizer in the water storage area 8 flows from the fertilizer storage area 8 to the water storage area 6 after being volatilized or dissolved in water, and flows to the mixture in the water storage area 6, through the water storage area seepage hole 7 on the side wall of the water storage area 6. It flows to the slope, and has the effect of supplying water and fertilizer to the plants planted on the slope.

The water in the weak rock layer 2 can be absorbed by the unidirectional liquid film in the fertilizer storage area to ensure that the weak rock layer is not softened.

Embodiment 2

A method for the above-mentioned device to be used for the greening of the surface layer of the interbedded rock mass of soft rock and hard rock, the method comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Remove gravel and debris with a high degree of weathering on the surface of the slope, and cut the interbedded rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock into a certain angle according to the engineering geological conditions;

Step 2: Prefabricated prefabricated greening structure 11: The container body is made of reinforced concrete, the inside of the container body is poured to make the planting tank partition 20 and the water storage area partition 21, and the filter screen 4 and the water storage area 6 are installed at the water inlet 19. The anti-evaporation cover 5 is provided with reinforced concrete pads 12 on both sides of the prefabricated greening structure 11, and the fertilizer storage area 8 is filled with slow-release fertilizer;

Step 3: Excavate the soft rock stratum excavation groove on the soft rock layer 2 of the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass slope, and build a 10mm thick mortar at the bottom of the soft rock stratum excavation groove, with various cross-sectional forms such as circular The excavation depth is preferably 0.5 to 4 meters. Install the prefabricated greening structure 11 into the excavation groove of the soft rock stratum, backfill the excavated rock mass on both sides of the prefabricated greening structure 11, and pave the upper side with mortar. full fixed;

Step 4: excavate the next weak rock stratum excavation groove in sequence and repeat step 3 to install the prefabricated greening structure into the soft rock stratum excavation groove, until the soft rock stratum is evenly distributed with prefabricated greening structures;

Step 5: Connect every two prefabricated greening structures on the same soft rock stratum through arched reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks or reinforced concrete pads to form an overall stress skeleton;

Step 6: Lay hard rock grass planting boards on the surface of the hard rock layer on the slope of the soft rock and the hard rock interbedded rock mass;

Step 7: Remove the filter screen at the water inlet of the water storage area, fill the water storage area with water until it is full, reinstall the filter screen to the water inlet, and lay a grass planting board on the filter screen;

Step 8: Backfill the planting soil or excavated mudstone in the planting area of each prefabricated greening structure;

Step 9: Plant plants on the surface layer of the rock mass slope interbedded with soft rock and hard rock including the grass planting board, the hard rock layer grass planting board and the planting area, that is, complete the greening of the surface layer of the rock mass slope with the interbedded soft rock and hard rock.

In step 1, the angle formed by cutting the interbedded rock mass slope of the soft rock and the hard rock is 30-60 degrees according to the engineering geological conditions.

In step 8, the plants 16 can be planted according to the actual situation, such as Coral Jue, sagebrush, Swedish ivy, etc. with strong growth ability, and can also choose golden leaf privet, crape myrtle, small tree, etc. with higher ornamental properties.

The planting area 3 can be set in different shapes to meet different aesthetic requirements, and it has strong controllability and is suitable for various working conditions, as shown in Figures 8 and 9 .

Embodiment 3

The device of Embodiment 1 can be used for the interbedded rock mass slope of soft rock and hard rock where the soft rock layer is inclined upward (reversed) after the following modifications:

1. The partition of the water storage area is the same as the partition of the planting tank, there is no seepage hole, and no one-way liquid guide film is installed;

2. There is no need to set an anti-evaporation cover;

3. Fertilizer storage area seepage holes are set on both side walls of the fertilizer storage area, and the effect of supplying water and fertilizer to the plants planted on the slope is realized through the fertilizer storage area seepage holes 22 and the water storage area seepage holes 7, as shown in Figure 10 .

The above-mentioned embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be regarded as limitations of the present invention. The embodiments and features in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention shall take the technical solutions described in the claims, including the equivalent alternatives of the technical features in the technical solutions described in the claims, as the protection scope. That is, equivalent replacements and improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a device that is used for supporting soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope and realizes the surface layer afforestation which characterized in that:

the greening system comprises a plurality of prefabricated greening structures (11) arranged in a plurality of soft rock stratum excavation grooves of a soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope, wherein every two prefabricated greening structures (11) are connected through a connecting piece to form an integral stressed framework;

in the prefabricated greening structure (11), the inside of a container body poured by reinforced concrete is divided into a planting area (3), a water storage area (6) and a fertilizer storage area (8) by a planting groove partition plate (20) and a water storage area partition plate (21), the tops of the container body of the water storage area (6) and the fertilizer storage area (8) are provided with covers, the cover of the water storage area (6) is provided with a water inlet (19), two side walls of the water storage area (6) are provided with a plurality of water storage area water seepage holes (7), the inner wall (9) of the fertilizer storage area (8) close to one side of deep soft rock is provided with a plurality of fertilizer storage area water seepage holes, and the inner wall (9) is provided with a fertilizer storage area one-way liquid guide film;

a plurality of clapboard water seepage holes are arranged on the clapboard (21) of the water storage area, and the clapboard (21) of the water storage area is provided with a water storage area one-way liquid guide film;

the connecting piece comprises reinforced concrete base plates (12) arranged on two sides of the prefabricated greening structures (11), and the reinforced concrete base plates (12) of every two prefabricated greening structures (11) are connected through connecting blocks to form an integral stressed framework; the connecting block is an arch reinforced concrete precast block (13) or a reinforced concrete cushion block (14).

2. The device for supporting the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope and realizing surface layer greening according to the claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the prefabricated greening structure (11) is rectangular or circular.

3. The device for supporting the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope and realizing surface layer greening according to the claim 1, characterized in that: a filter screen (4) and an evaporation-proof cover (5) which forms a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane are arranged at the water inlet (19) of the water storage area (6).

4. The device for supporting the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope and realizing surface layer greening according to the claim 3, characterized in that: a grass planting plate (10) is arranged above the filter screen (4).

5. The device for supporting the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope and realizing surface layer greening according to the claim 1, characterized in that: a plurality of hard rock stratum grass planting plates (18) are laid on the surface of a hard rock stratum (1) of the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock body side slope.

6. A method for supporting soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slopes and realizing surface layer greening by the device of any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: cutting the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope into a certain angle according to engineering geological conditions;

step 2: prefabricated green structure (11): a container body is made of reinforced concrete, a planting groove partition plate (20) and a water storage area partition plate (21) are made in the container body by pouring, a filter screen (4) and an evaporation-proof cover (5) are installed at a water inlet (19) of a water storage area (6), reinforced concrete base plates (12) are arranged on two sides of a prefabricated greening structure (11), and a fertilizer storage area (8) is filled with slow-release fertilizer;

and step 3: excavating a soft rock layer excavating groove on a soft rock layer (2) of a soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope, installing a prefabricated greening structure (11) into the soft rock layer excavating groove, backfilling excavated rock masses on two sides of the prefabricated greening structure (11), and fully paving and fixing the upper sides of the rock masses by using mortar;

and 4, step 4: sequentially excavating the next weak rock stratum excavation groove and repeating the step 3 to install the prefabricated greening structures (11) into the weak rock stratum excavation groove until the prefabricated greening structures (11) are uniformly distributed on the weak rock stratum (2);

and 5: every two prefabricated greening structures (11) on the same layer of soft rock stratum (2) are connected through an arch-shaped reinforced concrete prefabricated block (13) or a reinforced concrete cushion block (14) to form an integral stressed framework;

step 6: paving a hard rock stratum grass planting plate (18) on the surface of a hard rock stratum (1) of a soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass slope;

and 7: taking down the filter screen (4) at the water inlet (19) of the water storage area (6), injecting water into the water storage area (6) until the water storage area is full, reinstalling the filter screen (4) at the water inlet (19), and paving the grass planting plate (10) on the filter screen;

and 8: backfilling planting soil or excavated mudstone in the planting area (3) of each prefabricated greening structure (11);

and step 9: plants (16) are planted on the surface layer of the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope comprising the grass planting plate (10), the hard rock layer grass planting plate (18) and the planting area (3), and then greening of the surface layer of the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope is completed.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein: in the step 1, the soft rock and hard rock interbedded rock mass side slope is cut into an angle of 30-60 degrees according to engineering geological conditions.

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