CN109329130B - Keep-alive method for wild large yellow croaker - Google Patents
Keep-alive method for wild large yellow croaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN109329130B CN109329130B CN201811316677.0A CN201811316677A CN109329130B CN 109329130 B CN109329130 B CN 109329130B CN 201811316677 A CN201811316677 A CN 201811316677A CN 109329130 B CN109329130 B CN 109329130B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a keep-alive method of wild large yellow croakers, which comprises the following steps: making a preservation box, catching wild large yellow croakers, selecting the wild large yellow croakers with better activity, putting the wild large yellow croakers into the barrel body, increasing the air pressure in the preservation box, and then gradually reducing the air pressure in the preservation box; temporarily culturing indoors; preparing an immunopotentiator; weighing the immunopotentiator, and uniformly spraying the immunopotentiator on the feed by using a spray bottle; feeding the temporarily cultured large yellow croaker with the feed sprayed with the immunopotentiator. The invention improves the survival rate of the live-keeping wild large yellow croaker.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a keep-alive method of wild large yellow croakers.
Background
The large yellow croaker belongs to the order Perciformes, family Shihouyuke and genus yellow croaker, and is a specific endemic marine fish in China. Large yellow croaker was the first fish catch in four seas in China, and germplasm resources are declined due to the excessive catch of cold fish. The keep-alive wild large yellow croaker is an important early work for breeding the large yellow croaker stock and increasing and releasing flow. The large yellow croaker belongs to migratory fishes in middle and lower water layers, and is easy to swell and die due to the huge change of external pressure after being caught to the water surface after being used in the water layer with the water depth of less than 10 meters, so the large yellow croaker is said to die after leaving water. The scales on the body surface of the large yellow croaker are not tight and are easy to fall off, so that the body surface of the large yellow croaker is easily damaged in the fishing process, and the large yellow croaker is infected and killed in the keeping-alive process. For the reasons, the survival rate of the wild large yellow croaker kept alive by the current method is less than 10 percent.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a new method for keeping wild large yellow croaker alive.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for keeping wild large yellow croakers alive.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention discloses a keep-alive method of wild large yellow croakers, which comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the diameter of the barrel body in the step 1 is 1m, and the height of the barrel body in the step 1 is 1.5 m.
Optionally, the connection between the barrel body and the barrel cover is provided with a sealing ring.
Optionally, the concentration of penicillin and streptomycin in step 1 is 5pp and 3pp respectively.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the air pressure increase value in step 2 is as follows:
in the formula, P is the air pressure in the survival box and is expressed in Pa, and h is the water depth of the wild large yellow croaker which is caught and expressed in meters.
Optionally, the formula of the air pressure reduction in step 2 is as follows:
in the formula, PtThe air pressure value adjusted along with time in the keep-alive box is shown, t is time and is in units of hours, and P is an initial air pressure value and is in units of Pa; during the keeping alive process, the air pressure value in the keeping alive box is adjusted once every half an hour according to a formula through an air inlet valve, the keeping alive box cover is opened after 7.5 hours, the keeping alive wild large yellow croakers are taken out, and the large yellow croakers enter the room for temporary culture.
Optionally, the water flow speed at the edge of the circulating culture pond in the step 3 is more than 1-1.5 cm/s; the dissolved oxygen is kept above 12 mg/L.
Optionally, the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution in the step 4 is prepared by the following method: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, soaking for 12-24 hours while stirring and shaking, covering a mouth of a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing the container, cooling, taking the supernatant, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, thus preparing the immunopotentiator.
Optionally, the immunopotentiator in the step 5 accounts for 4-5% of the weight of the feed.
Optionally, the wild large yellow croakers with the weight of less than 150g in the step 5 are fed once in the morning and at the evening of each day, and the wild large yellow croakers with the weight of more than 150g are fed once in the morning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects:
1) the invention adopts the keep-alive box technology, simulates the pressure of the water depth of the caught large yellow croaker, and gradually adapts to the pressure of shallow water by using the method of gradually reducing the pressure in 10 hours. Wild large yellow croaker mostly lives in a water layer with the depth of more than 10 meters, and the pressure is much larger than that of the water surface. The normal labor catching method captures large yellow croakers from deep water, and the captured large yellow croakers are usually dead due to sudden change of external pressure, the water pressure of a water outlet layer can be calculated by a formula according to the depth of the captured wild large yellow croakers, the air pressure in the keep-alive box is increased by an oxygen cylinder, the water pressure in the keep-alive box is further increased, the large yellow croakers in the keep-alive box return to the pressure before capture, and the pressure is gradually reduced to restore to the pressure on the water surface after 10 hours, so that the captured large yellow croakers can adapt to new water pressure without death, and the survival rate of the wild large yellow croakers is greatly improved.
2) The secondary infection caused by mechanical injury is reduced by the 'double-resistant' medicated bath of penicillin and streptomycin. The land temporary culture pond for the wild large yellow croakers adopts a circular factory circulating water culture pond, the water circulation speed is adjusted to enable the water flow speed at the side of the pond to be 1-1.5 cm/s, so that the live-keeping large yellow croakers can move upstream passively, and the wild large yellow croakers which just enter the pond can be prevented from colliding with the wall of the pond and being injured due to the fact that the wild large yellow croakers are not suitable for a small water body environment or are frightened. The body surfaces of the normally caught wild large yellow croakers are mechanically damaged to different degrees, and the penicillin and streptomycin solution medicated bath can effectively reduce death caused by secondary infection caused by mechanical damage. The survival rate of the keep alive is improved.
3) The temporary culture pond adopts pure oxygen for oxygenation, the dissolved oxygen content is kept above 12mg/L, and the mixed feed added with the immunopotentiator is fed in the temporary culture process, so that the survival rate of the live-keeping wild large yellow croakers is further improved. In a water environment with high dissolved oxygen, the method is beneficial to the immune function of the wild large yellow croaker to play a role and improves the survival rate of the wild large yellow croaker.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described technical effects simultaneously.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the inventive keep-alive box.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that how to implement the technical features of the present invention to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
The invention discloses a keep-alive method of wild large yellow croakers, which comprises the following steps:
the keep-alive box is brought to a fishing ship, salinity of seawater in a fishing sea area is measured by a salinity meter, clean seawater with the same salinity as that of the seawater is prepared by using seawater essence and purified water, water is added into the keep-alive box to 70 cm, and penicillin with the concentration of 5pp and streptomycin with the concentration of 3pp are respectively added.
in the formula, P is the air pressure in the survival box and is expressed in Pa, and h is the water depth of the wild large yellow croaker which is caught and expressed in meters. And then gradually reducing the air pressure in the keep-alive box, wherein the air pressure reduction formula is as follows:
in the formula PtThe air pressure value adjusted along with time in the keep-alive box is shown, t is time and is in units of hours, and P is an initial air pressure value and is in units of Pa; during the keeping alive process, the air pressure value in the keeping alive box can be adjusted once every half an hour according to a formula through the air inlet valve, the keeping alive box cover is opened after 7.5 hours, the keeping alive wild large yellow croakers are taken out, and the large yellow croakers enter the room for temporary culture.
the feed for temporarily breeding the wild large yellow croakers needs to ensure nutrition and also needs to be added with an immunopotentiator; the temporary feed adopts commercial slow-settling feed, and the immunopotentiator adopts radix Pseudostellariae extract;
the extraction method of the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution comprises the following steps: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, mixing, soaking for 12-24 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, thus preparing the immunopotentiator;
Example 1
the keep-alive box is brought to a fishing ship, salinity of seawater in a fishing sea area is measured by a salinity meter, clean seawater with the same salinity as that of the seawater is prepared by using seawater essence and purified water, water is added into the keep-alive box to 70 cm, and penicillin with the concentration of 5pp and streptomycin with the concentration of 3pp are respectively added.
And 2, selecting 45 tails of wild large yellow croakers with good activity and no obvious injury on a fishing boat for keeping alive by using 4 survival boxes. The salinity of the keep-alive sea area is 26, and artificial seawater with the same concentration is prepared by using seawater crystal and purified water purified by a water purifier to serve as water for the keep-alive box. 5pp penicillin and 3pp streptomycin are added into the keep-alive box. Catching 50-200 g of wild large yellow croaker 45 tails, and weighing 52.8-187.2 g; 10-13 tails of the plant are put in each survival box. The water depth of the fishing place is about 15 meters; calculating a calculation formula of the air pressure lifting value according to a formula (a); oxygen is used and the air pressure in the keep-alive box is adjusted to 253300 Pa. The exhaust valve was opened every half hour according to equation (b) to reduce the pressure to 9500Pa, while part of the fresh oxygen was added through the intake valve. Opening the keep-alive box after 7.5 hours, and putting the keep-alive wild large yellow croakers into a round circulating water temporary culture pond with 10 tons in one mouth;
and 3, the water flow speed at the edge of the temporary rearing pond is 1 cm/s, the water temperature is 22 ℃, oxygen is increased by adopting pure oxygen, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 12 mg/L. The wild large yellow croaker entering the pool slowly moves upstream and has a better state;
table 1 keep-alive condition table of wild large yellow croaker in example 1
Keep-alive mantissa | Body weight range (g) | Average body weight (g) | Keep-alive water temperature (DEG C) | Salinity | Survival rate |
45 | 52.8~187.2 | 150 | 22 | 26 | 75.5% |
Example 2
And 2, selecting 45 tails of wild large yellow croakers with good activity and no obvious injury on a fishing boat for keeping alive by using 4 survival boxes. The salinity of the keep-alive sea area is 26, and artificial seawater with the same concentration is prepared by using seawater crystal and purified water purified by a water purifier to serve as water for the keep-alive box. 5pp penicillin and 3pp streptomycin are added into the keep-alive box. Catching 50-200 g of wild large yellow croaker 45 tails, and weighing 52.8-187.2 g; 10-13 tails of the plant are put in each survival box. The water depth of the fishing place is about 12 meters; calculating a calculation formula of the air pressure lifting value according to a formula (a); oxygen is used and the air pressure in the keep-alive box is adjusted to 222915 Pa. The exhaust valve was opened every half hour according to equation (b) to reduce the gas pressure to 7600Pa, while part of the fresh oxygen was added through the intake valve. Opening the keep-alive box after 7.5 hours, and putting the keep-alive wild large yellow croakers into a round circulating water temporary culture pond with 10 tons in one mouth;
and 3, the water flow speed at the edge of the temporary rearing pond is 1 cm/s, the water temperature is 20.5 ℃, and oxygen is increased by adopting pure oxygen, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 12 mg/L. The wild large yellow croaker entering the pool slowly moves upstream and has a better state;
example 4, preparation of immunopotentiators: the immunopotentiator adopts a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, and the extracting method comprises the following steps: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10, mixing, soaking for 24 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 90 ℃, keeping for 2 hours, standing in the container, cooling, taking an upper liquid, filtering a residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, thereby preparing the immunopotentiator;
table 2 keep-alive condition table of wild large yellow croaker in example 2
Keep-alive mantissa | Body weight range (g) | Average body weight (g) | Keep-alive water temperature (DEG C) | Salinity | Survival rate |
45 | 52.8~187.2 | 150.8 | 20.5 | 26 | 73.3% |
Example 3
And 2, selecting 45 tails of wild large yellow croakers with good activity and no obvious injury on a fishing boat for keeping alive by using 4 survival boxes. The salinity of the keep-alive sea area is 26, and artificial seawater with the same concentration is prepared by using seawater crystal and purified water purified by a water purifier to serve as water for the keep-alive box. 5pp penicillin and 3pp streptomycin are added into the keep-alive box. Catching 50-200 g of wild large yellow croaker 45 tails, and weighing 52.8-187.2 g; 10-13 tails of the plant are put in each survival box. The water depth at the fishing place is about 14 meters; calculating a calculation formula of the air pressure lifting value according to a formula (a); oxygen is used and the air pressure in the keep-alive box is adjusted to 243180 Pa. The exhaust valve was opened every half hour according to equation (b) to reduce the pressure to 8866Pa, while part of the fresh oxygen was added through the intake valve. Opening the keep-alive box after 7.5 hours, and putting the keep-alive wild large yellow croakers into a round circulating water temporary culture pond with 10 tons in one mouth;
and 3, increasing the water flow speed at the edge of the temporary culture pond to be 1 cm/s, heating the water to be 23.8 ℃, and increasing oxygen by adopting pure oxygen, wherein the dissolved oxygen is kept to be more than 12 mg/L. The wild large yellow croaker entering the pool slowly moves upstream and has a better state;
example 4, preparation of immunopotentiators: the immunopotentiator adopts a radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, and the extracting method comprises the following steps: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 20, mixing, soaking for 12 hours, stirring, shaking, covering a container, heating to 100 ℃, keeping for 1 hour, standing in the container, cooling, taking the upper liquid, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, thus preparing the immunopotentiator;
table 3 keep-alive condition table of wild large yellow croaker in example 3
Keep-alive mantissa | Body weight range (g) | Average body weight (g) | Keep-alive water temperature (DEG C) | Salinity | Survival rate |
45 | 52.8~187.2 | 162.3 | 23.8 | 26 | 71.1% |
While the foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the invention, it is to be understood, as noted above, that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A keep-alive method of wild large yellow croakers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a keep-alive box: the keep-alive box comprises a circular barrel body (1), a barrel cover (2) is connected above the barrel body (1), the barrel cover (2) is semicircular, an air inlet valve (3), an air outlet valve (4) and an air pressure gauge (5) are arranged on the barrel cover (2), the barrel body (1) and the barrel cover (2) are connected through a spiral lock (6), and the keep-alive box is prepared; the keep-alive box is brought to a fishing ship, salinity of seawater in a fishing sea area is measured by a salinity meter, clean seawater with the same salinity as the seawater is prepared by using seawater essence and purified water, water is added into the keep-alive box to 70 cm, and penicillin and streptomycin are added;
step 2, after catching wild large yellow croakers, selecting the wild large yellow croakers with good vitality, putting the wild large yellow croakers into the barrel body (1), and covering the barrel cover (2); butting an air inlet valve (3) with an oxygen bottle, and increasing the air pressure in the keep-alive box according to a formula (a); then gradually reducing the air pressure in the keep-alive box according to the formula (b); during the keeping alive process, adjusting the air pressure value in the keeping alive box once every half hour according to a formula (a) and a formula (b) through an air inlet valve (3), opening a keeping alive box cover after 7.5 hours, taking out the keeping alive wild large yellow croakers, and entering indoor temporary culture;
step 3, indoor temporary rearing: after the wild large yellow croaker enters the room, temporarily culturing the wild large yellow croaker in an industrial circulating water culture pond, and adjusting the water circulation speed; oxygenation is carried out by adopting pure oxygen;
step 4, preparing an immunopotentiator: the immunopotentiator adopts radix pseudostellariae extract;
step 5, adding an immunopotentiator: weighing the immunopotentiator, and uniformly spraying the immunopotentiator on the feed by using a spray bottle; feeding the temporarily cultured large yellow croakers with the feed sprayed with the immunopotentiator;
the calculation formula of the air pressure increase value in the step 2 is as follows:
in the formula, P is the air pressure in the survival box and is expressed in Pa, and h is the water depth of the wild large yellow croaker and is expressed in meters;
the formula of the reduction of the air pressure in the step 2 is as follows:
in the formula, PtThe air pressure value adjusted along with time in the keep-alive box is shown, t is time and is in units of hours, and P is an initial air pressure value and is in units of Pa; during the keeping alive process, the air pressure value in the keeping alive box is adjusted once every half an hour according to a formula through an air inlet valve, the keeping alive box cover is opened after 7.5 hours, the keeping alive wild large yellow croakers are taken out, and the large yellow croakers enter the room for temporary culture.
2. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, characterised in that the barrel (1) in step 1 is 1m in diameter and 1.5m high.
3. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, characterised in that a sealing ring (7) is arranged at the junction of the barrel body (1) and the barrel cover (2).
4. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of penicillin and streptomycin in step 1 is 5ppm and 3ppm, respectively.
5. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge water flow speed of the industrial recirculating aquaculture pond in the step 3 is 1-1.5 cm/s; the dissolved oxygen is kept above 12 mg/L.
6. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, wherein the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution in the step 4 is prepared by the following method: drying the radix pseudostellariae medicinal material, wherein the water content of the dried radix pseudostellariae medicinal material is less than or equal to 10%, then crushing and sieving with a 24-mesh sieve, and mixing the radix pseudostellariae powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 10-1: 20, soaking for 12-24 hours while stirring and shaking, covering a mouth of a container, heating to 90-100 ℃, keeping for 1-2 hours, standing the container, cooling, taking the supernatant, filtering the residual liquid, removing residues, and fixing the volume to the original water amount to obtain the radix pseudostellariae extracting solution, thus preparing the immunopotentiator.
7. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, wherein the immunopotentiator in step 5 comprises 4% to 5% by weight of the feed.
8. A keep-alive method according to claim 1, wherein in step 5 less than 150g of wild large yellow croakers are fed once in the morning and evening of each day, and more than 150g of wild large yellow croakers are fed once in the morning and evening.
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CN113080112B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-11-25 | 宁德市富发水产有限公司 | Keep-alive method for wild large yellow croaker |
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