CN109321776A - 一种利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法。本发明利用激光增材制造技术具有快速凝固的特点,将几乎不互溶的Cu、Nb两种元素制成常规方法难以获得的晶粒细小且组织均匀的过饱和固溶体,并通过后续热处理工艺使Nb均匀弥散析出从而制得高强度的纳米弥散强化铜合金,此外,由于Nb在铜中固溶度极低,利用高浓度的纳米弥散Nb来强化基体的同时还可保证铜基体仍具有高纯度,使合金导电性也较好。激光增材制造技术不仅可以使Nb在Cu基体中均匀弥散分布,制备高强度、高导电合金,同时具有近净成形的特点,大大减小加工工序,提高生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属材料领域,涉及一种利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法。
背景技术
高强高导铜合金因其优良性能,被认为是极有发展潜力和应用前景的新型功能材料。其中,纯铜具有优异的导电性,但其力学强度偏低,而提高铜合金强度却要以损失电导率为代价。因此,如何在保持高导电性的同时,大幅度提高合金的强度是现代铜合金研究的主要方向。目前的解决措施侧重于使加入的第二相能均匀细小的分布在Cu基体中,从而提高合金的综合性能。Nb具有超导性,可通过制备工艺使Nb均匀细小的分布在Cu基体中对合金产生弥散强化作用,提高强度,同时由于Nb在Cu中固溶度极低,即使在1000℃下Nb在Cu中的平衡固溶度也仅为0.1%(摩尔分数),从而保证Cu基体仍具有高纯度,使合金导电性也较好。
目前,制备Cu-Nb合金的工艺主要有形变复合法和机械合金法。其中形变复合法在制坯过程中难以使铜铌两相均匀混合,并且成型工艺非常复杂,因此限制了广泛应用;机械合金法可获得在Cu基体上第二相均匀细小分布的合金,但由于需要长时间的球磨,不仅使得氧污染严重,而且细化后的粉末易引起粘结、团聚,这些将导致热压坯密度不高,从而降低合金的综合性能。激光增材制造技术基于分层—叠加制造的思想,利用高能量激光束将金属粉末逐层熔化并成形为金属零件,具有快速凝固、近净成形的特点。利用冷速快这一优势可以制备出第二相Nb在Cu基体中弥散分布的Cu-Nb合金,同时近净成形的特点使得加工工序大大减少,从而提高生产效率。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了利用激光增材制造技术具有快速凝固的特点,将几乎不互溶的Cu、Nb两种元素制成常规方法难以获得的晶粒细小且组织均匀的过饱和固溶体,并通过后续热处理工艺使Nb均匀弥散析出从而制得高强度的纳米弥散强化铜合金
一种利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法,其特征在于:首先通过球磨的方式制备Cu-Nb混合粉末,铌粉的添加量控制在总质量的5%到10%范围内。选择合适的球磨时间和转速使得复合粉末混合均匀且Nb粉粘附在Cu粉表面;将制备好的Cu-Nb混合粉末置于激光打印机中,所需的激光功率及扫描速度依据Nb含量的不同适当调节,利用激光打印的快速凝固的特点打印出晶粒细小且组织均匀的过饱和固溶体Cu-Nb;然后通过热处理使Nb弥散析出,析出的Nb一方面可以对铜基体产生弥散强化作用,提高强度,另一方面使Cu基体纯度提升,从而提高基体导电率。
进一步地,激光打印方式为粉末床式打印和同轴送粉式堆积打印两种;粉末床式打印时所用球形Cu粉粒度为5-45um,Nb粉粒度为1-10um,同轴送粉式打印时所用球形Cu粉粒度为50-100um,Nb粉粒度为5-20um;球磨时球料比为5:1,转速为150-300转/分钟,球磨时间为30-60分钟。
进一步地,采用粉床式激光打印时,打印过程中采用氩气保护,激光功率控制在100-250W范围内,扫描速度控制在230-300mm/s,激光束直径100μm。
进一步地,采用送粉堆积式打印时,打印过程中采用氩气保护,激光功率控制在600-900W,扫描速度控制在650-850mm/min,激光束直径控制在1-1.5mm,送粉速率控制在5-15g/min。
进一步地,所述后期热处理温度为400-600℃,热处理时间为60-120min。本发明的优点在于:
(1)利用激光打印的快速凝固的特点制备出晶粒细小且组织均匀的过饱和固溶体Cu-Nb;然后通过热处理使Nb弥散析出,析出的Nb一方面可以对铜基体产生弥散强化作用,提高强度,另一方面使Cu基体纯度提升,从而提高基体导电率,最终获得高强高导铜铌合金。
(2)激光打印技术具有近净成形的特点,使得加工工序大大减少,从而提高生产效率。
具体实施方式:
(1)采用粉床式激光打印含5wt%Nb的Cu-Nb合金
首先选用球形铜粉,粒度为5-45um,Nb粉粒度为1-10um。Cu粉与Nb粉的总重量为5kg,其中Nb的加入量占总质量的5%。采用球磨的方式使复合粉末混合均匀,球料比为5:1,球磨转速为150-300转/分钟,球磨时间为30-60分钟。然后将混合均匀的粉末置于送粉式激光打印机中进行打印,打印前将粉放于真空干燥箱中进行干燥,确保混合粉末具有良好的流动性,干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为12小时。打印过程中采用氩气保护,激光功率控制在100-250W范围内,扫描速度控制在230-300mm/s,激光直径100μm,打印尺寸50mm(长)×20mm(宽)×20mm(高)。打印完成后取样进行后续热处理,热处理温度为400-600℃,热处理时间为60-120min。
(2)采用送粉堆积式打印含10wt%Nb的Cu-Nb合金
首先选用球形铜粉,粒度为50-100um,Nb粉粒度为5-20um。Cu粉与Nb粉的总重量为4kg,其中Nb的加入量占总质量的5%。采用球磨的方式使复合粉末混合均匀,球料比为5:1,球磨转速为150-300转/分钟,球磨时间为30-60分钟。然后将混合均匀的粉末置于送粉式激光打印机中进行打印,打印前将粉放于真空干燥箱中进行干燥,确保混合粉末具有良好的流动性,干燥温度为50℃,干燥时间为12小时。打印过程中采用氩气保护,激光功率控制在600-900W,扫描速度控制在650-850mm/min,激光光斑直径控制在1-1.5mm,送粉速率控制在5-15g/min,打印尺寸50mm(长)×20mm(宽)×20mm(高)。打印完成后取样进行后续热处理,热处理温度为400-600℃,热处理时间为60-120min。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法,其特征在于:首先通过球磨的方式制备Cu-Nb混合粉末,铌粉的添加量控制在总质量的5%到10%范围内;选择合适的球磨时间和转速使得复合粉末混合均匀且Nb粉粘附在Cu粉表面;将制备好的Cu-Nb混合粉末置于激光打印机中,所需的激光功率及扫描速度依据Nb含量的不同适当调节,利用激光打印的快速凝固的特点打印出晶粒细小且组织均匀的过饱和固溶体Cu-Nb;然后通过热处理使Nb弥散析出,析出的Nb一方面可以对铜基体产生弥散强化作用,提高强度,另一方面使Cu基体纯度提升,从而提高基体导电率。
2.按照权利要求1所述的利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法,其特征在于:激光打印方式为粉末床式打印和同轴送粉式堆积打印两种;粉末床式打印时所用球形Cu粉粒度为5-45um,Nb粉粒度为1-10um,同轴送粉式打印时所用球形Cu粉粒度为50-100um,Nb粉粒度为5-20um;球磨时球料比为5:1,转速为150-300转/分钟,球磨时间为30-60分钟。
3.按照权利要求1所述的利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法,其特征在于:采用粉床式激光打印时,打印过程中采用氩气保护,激光功率控制在100-250W范围内,扫描速度控制在230-300mm/s,激光束直径100μm。
4.按照权利要求1所述的利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法,其特征在于:采用送粉堆积式打印时,打印过程中采用氩气保护,激光功率控制在600-900W,扫描速度控制在650-850mm/min,激光束直径控制在1-1.5mm,送粉速率控制在5-15g/min。
5.按照权利要求1所述的利用激光增材技术制造铜铌合金的方法,其特征在于:后期热处理温度为400-600℃,热处理时间为60-120min。
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CN111363948A (zh) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-03 | 浙江大学 | 一种高强高导铜合金的高效短流程制备方法 |
CN113543450A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于超导腔的铜铌复合材料板的制作方法 |
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CN113543450A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-10-22 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于超导腔的铜铌复合材料板的制作方法 |
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