CN109306889B - 用于对内燃机的颗粒过滤器的再生进行控制的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于对内燃机的颗粒过滤器的再生进行控制的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109306889B
CN109306889B CN201810827516.1A CN201810827516A CN109306889B CN 109306889 B CN109306889 B CN 109306889B CN 201810827516 A CN201810827516 A CN 201810827516A CN 109306889 B CN109306889 B CN 109306889B
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regeneration
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A.格克
M.埃格
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于对通过在颗粒过滤器（6）中所储存的颗粒的燃烧对车辆的内燃机的颗粒过滤器（6）的再生进行控制的方法和装置，其中设置了下述器件，所述器件根据所述颗粒过滤器（6）中的颗粒的填充水平来开始所述颗粒过滤器（6）的再生阶段。所述器件在所述再生阶段期间通过对于所述车辆的传感器信号的测评来识别用于加速阶段的前提，并且在识别出用于加速阶段的前提时开始所述加速阶段。在所述加速阶段期间与正常的再生阶段相比提高输送给所述颗粒过滤器（6）的氧气量。

Description

用于对内燃机的颗粒过滤器的再生进行控制的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及按照独立专利权利要求所述类型的方法和装置。
背景技术
从DE 10 2015 209 979 A1中已经公开了用于对车辆的内燃机的颗粒过滤器的再生进行控制的方法和装置，所述车辆具有混合驱动装置、也就是内燃机与电动马达的组合。为了为所述颗粒过滤器的再生而保证足够高的温度，在此要限制用于运行所述车辆的电动马达的使用。
发明内容
相对于此，所述按本发明的方法或者所述按本发明的装置具有以下优点：在所述颗粒过滤器的再生期间识别用于所述颗粒过滤器的得到加速的再生的前提并且而后实施这样的得到加速的再生。为此，在识别出所述用于得到加速的再生的前提时开始加速阶段，在所述加速阶段中与正常的再生阶段相比将提高的氧气量输送给所述颗粒过滤器。通过得到提高的氧气含量，能够使所述再生加速、也就是使在所述颗粒过滤器中所储存的颗粒的燃烧加速。因此，尤其在燃烧马达的小的负荷的阶段中实现所述颗粒过滤器的得到加速的再生。
优点和改进通过从属的权利要求的特征而得出。特别容易地通过所述内燃机的功率输出的降低通过所喷射的燃料量的减少来提高所输送的氧气量。在加速阶段期间，通过所述电动马达的功率输出来取代所述内燃机的相应降低的功率输出。能够特别容易地通过具有多个气缸的内燃机的单个气缸的喷射的切断来减少所喷射的燃料量。为此容易地抑制气缸中的喷射并且由此产生的、比如以所述内燃机的力矩降低的形式出现的功率降低被电动马达的功率输出所取代。如果将所述内燃机的功率输出降低到0，就为所述加速阶段提供特别多的氧气。在此，如果存在用于这样的加速阶段的前提，则总是能够在所述再生阶段期间多次开始加速阶段。用于加速阶段的前提是，所述颗粒过滤器的足够的温度或者颗粒过滤器之前的温度。能够保证，在所述加速阶段期间所述颗粒过滤器中的温度没有下降到用于所述再生的最低温度之下。因为在所述加速阶段期间要从电池中取用电能，所以应该保证，对所述加速阶段来说存在所述车辆的电池的足够的充电状态。此外必须保证，对所述车辆的负荷要求能够取代所述内燃机的降低的功率输出。特别有利的是一种运行，在这种运行中在所述再生阶段期间加热阶段和加速阶段相应地彼此先后相随。通过加热阶段和加速阶段的这样的次序，能够降低用于所述颗粒过滤器的完全的再生的持续时间。
附图说明
本发明的实施例在附图中示出并且在以下描述中进行详细解释。其中：
图1示出了具有混合动力驱动装置、也就是带有颗粒过滤器的内燃机以及电动马达的车辆；并且
图2的a关于时间以所述内燃机的力矩的形式示出了功率输出；
图2的b关于时间示出了所述电动马达的功率输出；
图2的c示出了输送给所述颗粒过滤器的废气的氧气含量；并且
图2的d关于时间示出了颗粒过滤器的装载状态。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了一种用于混合动力车的、由电动马达2和内燃机1构成的驱动装置。两种马达都能够驱动所述车辆的传动轴4并且就这样引起所述车辆的运动。对用于每部车辆的传动轴的驱动是通过所述电动马达2还是通过所述内燃机来进行所作的控制通过控制器10来协调，所述控制器通过控制脉冲来引起所述内燃机1或者电动马达2的相应的作用于所述车辆的传动轴4的功率输出。为此，所述控制器10通过相应的操控线路来操控所述内燃机1或者所述电动马达2。所述内燃机1具有多个气缸3。所述气缸3中的燃烧的燃烧废气经由排气管5通过颗粒过滤器6并且最后也在所述颗粒过滤器之后通过所述排气管7来排放给环境。另外的用于进行废气后处理的器件、像比如不同的催化器出于简明原因而未在图1中示出。
通过所述气缸1中的燃烧，所述废气包含通常被称为炭灰的细颗粒。但是，在此不仅仅涉及碳，而且也涉及其它的在燃料中所包含的材料、像比如硫。通过从所述颗粒过滤器6中穿过这种方式，将这些颗粒从废气中滤出，从而在汇入在环境中的排气管7中还仅仅包含少量的颗粒或者根本不包含颗粒。由于这种连续的过滤过程，所述颗粒过滤器6储存所述颗粒。不时地、比如对于车辆来说每500到1000km的行驶里程需要使就这样在所述颗粒过滤器6中所储存的颗粒通过氧化过程来完全燃烧，用于就这样又降低所述颗粒过滤器6的用颗粒装载的水平。为此而设置再生阶段。在这个再生阶段中将所述颗粒过滤器6中的温度保持在足够的数值上，因为在所述颗粒过滤器6中所储存的颗粒的燃烧要求比如580度的初始温度。而后，由于通过所述废气输入管路5输送给所述颗粒过滤器6的废气中的氧气的剩余份额，而在所述颗粒过滤器6中的温度足够高时引起所述颗粒的燃烧。
现在按照本发明规定，在所述颗粒过滤器6的再生阶段期间使所述颗粒过滤器6中的这个燃烧过程加速，其中提高被输送给所述颗粒过滤器5的氧气的量。通过这项措施能够实现得到加速的再生过程、也就是通过所述颗粒过滤器6中的燃烧来除去颗粒。在进一步的描述中，将得到加速的再生的这个阶段称为加速阶段。借助于图2对按本发明的方法的细节进行详细解释。
在图2的a中，关于以秒计的时间t示出了图1的内燃机1的功率输出。所述内燃机1的功率输出在这里比如通过所输出的力矩M来示出。如直至时刻t1所表明的那样，所述内燃机的功率输出在一定的程度内变化，这与所述车辆的相应的行驶运行并且相应地与所述车辆的由车辆的驾驶员所要求的不同的力矩输出相关联。
在图2的a的这整个持续时间期间进行再生阶段，也就是说试图通过在所述颗粒过滤器6中所储存的颗粒的燃烧来实现所述颗粒过滤器6的清洁或者再生。而后在时刻t1确定，存在特定的有利的运行条件，所述条件能够实现所述按本发明的方法的实施、也就是加速阶段的实施。
一项条件在于，所述颗粒过滤器6被加热到足够的温度、也就是说至少能够实现所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒的再生也就是说燃烧的温度。此外，还应该以预先给定的数值为幅度超过这种用于再生的最低的温度，因为在加速阶段期间出现温度的降低并且因此所述温度应该足够高，以便在所述加速阶段期间尽管所述温度的降低也不低于所述用于再生的最低温度。如果比如所述用于再生的最低温度大约为580摄氏度，则比如能够规定，只有自620度的温度起才开始得到加速的再生。
此外，为加速阶段设置了所述内燃机1的功率输出的降低，其中通过所述电动马达2的功率输出来取代没有由所述内燃机1输出的功率。因此，为了开始所述加速阶段必须保证，所述车辆的由驾驶员所要求的功率能够通过所述电动马达来产生并且所述车辆的安排用于所述电动马达的运行的能量的电池具有足够的充电水平。如果存在所有这些条件、也就是所述颗粒过滤器6的足够的温度、能够通过所述电动马达来满足的功率要求以及所述电池的相应的充电水平，那就能够在时刻t1开始加速阶段，在所述加速阶段中使所述颗粒过滤器6的再生过程加速。
因此，在按照图2的实施例中，为了开始所述加速阶段而停止将燃料喷射到所述内燃机1的气缸中。因为一如既往地向所述内燃机1的气缸3输送新鲜空气，所以这种所输送的空气在所述气缸3中没有进行燃烧过程的情况下被导送给所述排气管5并且就这样到达所述颗粒过滤器6处。因为在所述气缸3中没有进行燃烧，所以这种空气还包含完全的氧气含量，从而通过这项措施来向所述颗粒过滤器6输送得到提高的量的氧气。如借助于接下来的图2的b、c和d所解释的那样，通过得到提高的所输送的氧气量来使所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒的燃烧加速。
在图2的b中，借助于由所述电动马达所输出的力矩M来示出所述电动马达2的功率输出。如可以在图2的a中看到的那样，所述内燃机1在t1与t2之间的时段里没有输出力矩，而所述电动马达则在这个时段里提供力矩。同样，所述内燃机1在t3到t4的时段里没有输出力矩，而所述电动马达则在这个时间范围内提供力矩。在此如此设计内燃机1和电动马达2的力矩输出，从而相应地满足驾驶员对所述功率输出或者所述传动轴4的力矩的要求。因此，至少根据车辆的行驶性能所述加速阶段没有被车辆的驾驶员所感觉到，因为所述车辆的传动轴4上的、相应地由驾驶员所要求的力矩相应地要么由所述电动马达来提供，要么由所述内燃机来提供。
在图2的c中示出了通过所述废气输入管路5来提供给所述颗粒过滤器6的废气的氧气含量。如可以清楚地看出的那样，所述氧气含量在t1与t2之间以及t3与t4之间的时段中明显地上升，因为这个阶段中没有在所述气缸3中进行燃烧。因为没有在所述气缸中燃烧燃料，所以废气中的氧气含量明显得到提高，由此支持所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒的燃烧。相应地，所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒的量P（以克g计）如在图2的d中所示出那样来表现。直至时刻t1，所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒P的量（以克来测量）仅仅少许降低。在t1与t2之间的时段中进行在所述颗粒过滤器6中所储存的颗粒P的更加明显的第一次降低，并且在t3与t4之间的时段中进行所述在颗粒过滤器中所储存的颗粒的更加明显的再一次降低。
因此，可以清楚地看出，在t1到t2或者t3到t4的时段中由于所述加速阶段而实现在所述颗粒过滤器中所储存的颗粒的明显得到提高的减少，因为在这些加速阶段中进行所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒的强化的燃烧。
为了确定所述颗粒过滤器6的温度，要么能够直接在所述颗粒过滤器6中设置温度传感器要么能够在所述废气输入管路5中设置温度传感器。作为替代方案，也能够测量所述内燃机或者排气系统的其它温度，并且能够相应地通过模型来确定实际上在所述颗粒过滤器6中所出现的温度。
为了确定所述电池的充电状态，比如能够一同记录流向所述电池的电能或者从所述电池中流出的电能。所述车辆的功率要求比如能够通过对于驾驶员的输入可能方案的测评、比如加速踏板和其它的要求、像比如空调器的功率要求来计算。
在图2中示出，在加速阶段期间自数值0起降低所述内燃机1的功率输出。作为替代方案也能够规定，在这些阶段中仅仅降低所述内燃机的功率输出，比如其中仅仅为单个的气缸切断燃料喷射。而后，相应地在所述加速阶段中所述内燃机1还输出一定的功率，所述功率而后与所述电动马达的功率输出一起代表着所述车辆的、被输出给所述传动轴4的总功率。通过这项措施，而后也能够将在废气中的、输送给所述颗粒过滤器6的氧气含量调节到所期望的数值。就这样能够对所述颗粒过滤器6中的颗粒的燃烧进行详细的调节，用于比如尽管通过更多的氧气的输入引起加速的燃烧所述颗粒过滤器6的温度在这个阶段期间也不会下降得太厉害。
此外，能够将所述内燃机置于加热模式中，其中产生特别热的废气。通过这项措施能够有针对性地对所述颗粒过滤器6进行加热，以用于为所述颗粒过滤器中的颗粒的燃烧来保证足够高的温度。在此，尤其也能够用得到提高的氧气量来进行加热阶段和加速阶段的彼此先后相随的运行。为此，在所述加热阶段中将所述颗粒过滤器6的温度相应地提高到超过用于再生的最低温度预先给定的数值，以用于而后在具有得到提高的氧气量的阶段中将这种温度升高用于得到加速的再生。通过这样的阶段的更替，能够明显地降低对于所述颗粒过滤器的再生来说所需要的总持续时间。

Claims (10)

1.用于通过在颗粒过滤器（6）中所储存的颗粒的燃烧使车辆的内燃机（1）的颗粒过滤器（6）再生的方法，其中根据所述颗粒过滤器（6）中的颗粒的填充水平来开始所述颗粒过滤器（6）的再生阶段，其特征在于，在所述再生阶段期间通过对于所述车辆的传感器信号的测评来识别用于加速阶段的前提，并且在识别出用于加速阶段的前提时开始所述加速阶段，其中在所述加速阶段期间与正常的再生阶段相比提高输送给所述颗粒过滤器（6）的氧气量。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述加速阶段中通过所喷射的燃料量的减少来降低所述内燃机（1）的功率输出，并且通过电动马达（2）的功率输出来取代所述内燃机的降低的功率输出。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所喷射的燃料量的减少通过切断朝具有多个气缸的内燃机（1）的单个气缸（3）中的喷射这种方式来降低。
4.按权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述内燃机（1）的功率输出降低到零。
5.按权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在再生阶段期间多次开始加速阶段。
6.按权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了识别用于加速阶段的前提而对所述颗粒过滤器（6）的温度或者所述颗粒过滤器（6）之前的温度进行测评，其中所述温度比用于所述再生的最低温度高了预先给定的数值。
7.按权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了识别用于加速阶段的前提而对所述车辆的电池的充电状态进行测评。
8.按权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，为了识别用于加速阶段的前提而对针对所述内燃机（1）的负荷要求进行测评。
9.按权利要求1到4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在再生阶段期间设置了加热阶段，在所述加热阶段中提高所述颗粒过滤器（6）的温度或者所述颗粒过滤器（6）之前的温度，并且在所述加热阶段之后相应地跟随着加速阶段。
10.用于对通过在颗粒过滤器（6）中所储存的颗粒的燃烧使车辆的内燃机的颗粒过滤器（6）再生进行控制的装置，其中设置了下述器件，所述器件根据所述颗粒过滤器（6）中的颗粒的填充水平来开始所述颗粒过滤器（6）的再生阶段，其特征在于，所述器件在所述再生阶段期间通过对于所述车辆的传感器信号的测评来识别用于加速阶段的前提，并且在识别出用于加速阶段的前提时开始所述加速阶段，其中所述器件在所述加速阶段期间与正常的再生阶段相比提高输送给所述颗粒过滤器（6）的氧气量。
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