CN109305158A - Hev发动机启动减振系统 - Google Patents

Hev发动机启动减振系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109305158A
CN109305158A CN201810823592.5A CN201810823592A CN109305158A CN 109305158 A CN109305158 A CN 109305158A CN 201810823592 A CN201810823592 A CN 201810823592A CN 109305158 A CN109305158 A CN 109305158A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
grid
operating conditions
engine
torque
starting
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Pending
Application number
CN201810823592.5A
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English (en)
Inventor
刘宇
弗洛伊德·卡德韦尔
肯尼思·弗雷德里克
王小勇
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Publication of CN109305158A publication Critical patent/CN109305158A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B60W20/17—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect for noise reduction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/105—Infinitely variable gearings of electric type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/11—Stepped gearings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
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    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
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    • F02N11/0814—Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines comprising means for controlling automatic idle-start-stop
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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Abstract

本公开涉及HEV发动机启动减振系统。配备有连接电动马达/发电机与燃烧式发动机的无级变速器的混合动力电动功率分流式车辆包括通过改进EM控制而生成补偿的EM扭矩来抵抗CE启动期间的可能的共振噪声和振动以降低可能的共振噪声和振动的系统和方法。所述系统和方法包括存储为OC网格的预定的基线CE操作状况起动扭矩配置文件。通过选择的起动扭矩SOCG并通过先前的发动机和/或CE启动的选择的历史启动OCG生成启动配置文件，其包括先前的启动噪声和振动度量以及先前的启动OC和相关参数。利用混合因子校准启动配置文件，混合因子根据SOCG的比较而生成，并被用于生成调节EM扭矩的前馈扭矩信号，以降低启动噪声和振动共振。

Description

HEV发动机启动减振系统
技术领域
本公开总体上涉及用于在混合动力电动车辆的启动期间减少发动机振动的系统和方法。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆(HEV)具有动力传动系统，所述动力传动系统包括用于产生功率和扭矩来推进车辆的推进发动机(诸如，燃烧式发动机(CE))和电机/发电机或电动马达/发电机/起动机(EM)。与具有自动变速器的传统的传动系(其中存在液力耦合变矩器)不同，HEV可具有功率分流式动力传动系统，所述功率分流式动力传动系统在机械阻尼较小的情况下将来自CE和EM的扭矩传递到车辆传动系和车轮。控制这种HEV来确保良好的乘员驾驶性感知，需要减少无阻尼的或阻尼不充分的噪声和振动，特别是在需要重新启动停止的CE的在电动模式与CE模式之间进行转换时。
功率分流式HEV动力传动系统包括具有速比的行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组通过受控制的EM转速扭矩信号来实现发动机和/或CE转速的控制。在这种功率分流式HEV的CE的起动阶段期间，EM转速被加速到使CE转速在燃烧开始之前达到期望的CE转速。在发动机和/或CE加速期间，根据CE、EM和动力传动系统(可包括电子无级变速器(eCVT))的机械阻尼特性，CE和动力传动系统通过一个或更多个可能的共振转速范围。在一些情况下，在低HEV速度期间，当道路和其它标称振动和噪声可另外掩盖CE启动共振时，车辆乘员可感知到这种可能的共振。先前，通过减少CE加速时间或者通过实时的计算密集的、基于热力学的CE扭矩控制能力来解决这种可能的共振。
发明内容
本公开涉及在配备eCVT的功率分流式HEV的发动机和/或CE启动期间用于降低、补偿和/或消除共振噪声和振动的系统和方法。所述系统和方法能够改进对EM的控制，从而在CE启动期间以离散时间间隔产生补偿扭矩，以抵抗这种可能的CE和动力传动系统的噪声和振动共振。所述系统和方法包括预先确定和/或实验上确定的基线CE操作状况(OC)起动扭矩配置文件，其在起动扭矩配置文件或SOCG数据库中被存储为OC网格(SOCG)。SOCG和数据库存储在一个或更多个HEV控制器和/或组件中，并且在HEV操作期间作为HEV当前操作状况和环境状况的函数被选择。
根据选择的起动扭矩OCG或SOCG，并且还根据作为SOCG被记录在历史数据库中的先前发动机和/或CE启动的历史启动OCG(HOCG)生成或产生启动配置文件，其包括先前启动噪声和振动度量以及先前的启动OC和相关参数。利用混合因子来校准启动配置文件，所述混合因子是根据当前OC、选择的起动扭矩OCG和历史启动OCG之间的比较、差异和/或“距离”而生成的。利用校准的启动配置文件来生成用于调节和控制EM扭矩的前馈扭矩信号，以减小、补偿和/或消除启动噪声和振动共振。
更具体地，控制器被配置为根据当前CE OC，从存储的操作状况网格(SOCG)中选择最接近的操作状况(OC)网格(NOCG)。控制器利用CE的当前OC搜索起动扭矩SOCG，以确定并且随后选择最接近当前CE OC的SOCG。此外，控制器还从SOCG中选择以下项中的一个：(a)HOCG和(b)当没有任何存储的HOCG时的最接近的相邻OC网格(NNOCG)。与先前针对最靠近或最接近起动扭矩SOCG的搜索类似，找到NNOCG，并且NNOCG是下一个最靠近或最接近的起动扭矩SOCG，其可在没有任何可先前记录的HOCG可用时被使用。
一旦NOCG、HOCG和/或NNOCG被找到和选择，控制器就会生成混合因子，所述混合因子是当前CE OC与HOCG和NNOCG中的所述一个以及NOCG中的每个之间的最小差异或“距离”。然后，利用HOCG和NNOCG中的所述一个、混合因子以及NOCG生成、产生和/或校准启动配置文件。然后，控制器根据校准的启动配置文件生成发动机和/或CE起动扭矩以及EM的前馈扭矩信号，使得可能的噪声和振动共振可被降低、补偿和/或消除。
控制器还可利用校准的启动配置文件和CE的生成的CE起动扭矩来调节eCVT的传动比，以进一步降低、补偿和/或消除可能的噪声和振动的启动共振。此外，控制器可根据eCVT的机械阻尼器模型而包括和/或利用起动扭矩补偿因子，以进一步校准CE起动扭矩。可利用额外校准的CE起动扭矩来进一步调节eCVT的传动比。
发动机启动OC和噪声及振动记录器可被包括在控制器以及其它HEV组件和系统中和/或连接到控制器以及其它HEV组件和系统，并且被配置为：针对每个发动机启动生成新的HOCG并将其存储在历史数据库中，并且所述新的HOCG还包括最小噪声和振动度量(MNVM)。控制器可直接生成MNVM，并且还可检测来自一个或更多个源(至少包括主动噪声消除麦克风、电机转速和加速度、车身加速度、CE安装架振动、车辆灵敏度参数以及加速踏板位置和变化率)的发动机和/或CE启动噪声和振动。控制器还可针对每个检测到的噪声和振动源生成预定的相关值，所述相关值与车辆乘员感知的实际的噪声和振动相关，并且根据相关值生成MNVM。控制器还可利用MNVM通过将当前CE OC以及当前CE启动噪声和振动与每个NOCG、HOCG和NNOCG的OC和MNVM进行比较来生成所述距离。
根据本发明，提供一种车辆，所述车辆包括连接到发动机、电机和至少一个控制器的电子无级变速器，所述至少一个控制器被配置为在发动机启动期间以离散时间间隔执行以下操作：利用根据发动机启动配置文件生成的前馈扭矩信号来调节电机的转矩，以降低发动机的启动振动，所述发动机启动配置文件利用混合因子生成，所述混合因子被生成为发动机操作状况与存储的操作状况网格之间的差异。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：根据当前的发动机操作状况(OC)，从存储的操作状况网格(SOCG)中选择最接近的操作状况网格(NOCG)；从SOCG中选择(a)历史OC网格(HOCG)和(b)当不存在HOCG时的最接近的相邻OC网格(NNOCG)中的一个；将混合因子生成为作为当前的发动机OC与HOCG和NNOCG中的所述一个以及NOCG中的每个之间的距离中的最小距离的所述差异；利用HOCG和NNOCG中的所述一个、混合因子以及NOCG来校准发动机启动配置文件；根据校准的发动机启动配置文件生成发动机起动扭矩和前馈扭矩信号。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：从预定的基线OC网格的数据库中的SOCG中选择NOCG和NNOCG，并且从先前的发动机启动的SOCG的历史数据库中选择HOCG。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：根据电子无级变速器的机械阻尼器模型，生成起动扭矩补偿因子；利用起动扭矩补偿因子校准发动机起动扭矩；根据校准的发动机启动配置文件和校准的发动机起动扭矩，调节电子无级变速器的传动比。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述车辆还包括发动机启动OC和噪声及振动记录器；所述至少一个控制器与所述记录器连接，并且还被配置为：利用所述记录器针对每个发动机启动生成新的HOCG并且将所述新的HOCG存储在HOCG的数据库中，所述新的HOCG包括最小噪声和振动度量(MNVM)。
与这些车辆的实施方式和配置以及操作方法有关的本发明内容以较少技术细节变型的方式描述了本公开的实施例的若干示例性布置，并且在下面的具体实施方式中结合附图说明和附图以及权利要求进一步更详细地描述所述示例性布置。
本发明内容并非旨在确定要求保护的技术的关键特征或必要特征，也并非旨在用于帮助确定要求保护的主题的范围。在此讨论的特征、功能、能力和优点可在各种示例性实施方式中独立地实现，或者如本文其它地方进一步描述的，可在其它示例性配置中进行组合，并且还可由相关技术领域的技术人员参照以下描述和附图来理解。
附图说明
在考虑以下附图时，通过参照具体实施方式和权利要求，可以获得本公开的示例性实施方式的更完整的理解，其中，在整个附图中，相同和相似的附图标号指示相似、相关和/或相同的元件。提供附图以及附图上的注解以便于理解本公开，而不限制本公开的广度、范围、规模或可应用性。附图不必按比例绘制，并且可以是旨在向相关技术领域的技术人员描述本公开的示意图。
图1是混合动力电动车辆及其系统、组件、传感器、致动器和操作方法的图示；
图2示出了图1的车辆、系统和方法的附加方面和功能，其中，添加、移除、修改和重新布置了特定组件和功能；
图3描绘了图1和图2的组件的多个方面。
具体实施方式
在此描述了本公开的实施例。然而，应理解的是，所公开的实施例仅为示例，并且其它实施例及其替代布置方式可采用各种其它形式和优选形式。附图包括可被夸大或最小化的一些特征，以示出或强调特定组件的细节。因此，在此公开的具体结构和功能细节不应被解释为限制，而仅仅作为用于向本领域技术人员展示和教导本领域技术人员以多种形式利用本公开的实施例的代表性和说明性的基础。
如本领域普通技术人员应理解的，参照任一附图示出并描述的各个特征、组件和处理可与在一个或更多个其它附图中示出的特征、组件和处理组合，以产生对于本领域技术人员而言应该是明显的并且在本领域技术人员知识范围内但可能未被明确地示出或描述的实施例。在此示出的特征的组合是用于许多典型应用的代表实施例。然而，与本公开的教导一致的特征的各种组合和变型可被期望用于特定的应用或实施方式，并且应该容易地处于在相关技术领域工作的人员的知识、技能和能力范围之内。
现参照各个附图和图示，并且参照图1和图2(现特别参照图1)，示出了混合动力电动车辆(HEV)100的示意图，并示出了HEV 100的组件之间的代表性关系。组件在车辆100中的物理布局和方位可以改变。车辆100包括具有动力传动系统110的传动系105，所述动力传动系统110包括用于产生功率和扭矩来推进车辆100的燃烧式发动机(CE)115以及电机或电动马达/发电机/起动机(EM)120。发动机115是由汽油、柴油、生物燃料、天然气或替代燃料驱动的发动机或燃料电池，其除了产生输出扭矩之外，还通过本文其它地方描述的前端发动机附件产生其它形式的电功率、真空功率、压力功率和液压功率。发动机115可通过分离离合器125连接到电机或EM 120。当分离离合器125至少部分地接合时，发动机115产生这样的功率和关联的发动机输出扭矩以传输到EM 120。
EM 120可以是多种类型的电机中的任何一种，例如可以是永磁同步马达、电力发电机和发动机起动机120。例如，当分离离合器125至少部分地接合时，功率和扭矩可从发动机115传输到EM 120来实现作为发电机的运转，并且传输到车辆100的其它组件。类似地，在包括或不包括独立的发动机起动机135的车辆中，在分离离合器125部分地或完全地接合的情况下，EM 120可作为发动机115的起动机运转，以经由分离离合器驱动轴130将功率和扭矩传输到发动机115来起动发动机115。
此外，在“混合动力电动模式”或“电动辅助模式”下，EM 120可通过传输额外的功率和扭矩来转动驱动轴130和140而辅助发动机115。此外，EM 120可在纯电动模式下运转，在所述纯电动模式下，发动机115通过分离离合器125断开连接并关闭，从而使EM 120能够将正扭矩或负扭矩传输到EM驱动轴140。当EM 120处于发电机模式时，EM 120还可被命令产生负扭矩，并由此产生电力以用于给电池充电并且为车辆电气系统供电，同时发动机115产生用于车辆100的推进功率。如以下更详细地描述的，EM 120还可通过将来自减速的动力传动系统110和/或车轮154的旋转能转换为用于储存在一个或更多个电池175、180中的电能而实现再生制动。
分离离合器125可被分离以使发动机115能够停止或者独立地运行以驱动发动机附件，同时EM 120产生驱动功率和扭矩，以经由EM驱动轴140和变速器输出驱动轴150来推进车辆100。在其它布置中，发动机115和EM120二者可在分离离合器125完全地或部分地接合的情况下运转，以通过驱动轴130、140、150、差速器152和车轮154协同地推进车辆100。差速器152可向每个车轮154传输大致相等的扭矩，并适应轻微的转速差以使车辆能够转弯和操纵。不同类型的差速器或类似装置可用于将来自动力传动系统110的相等和/或不等的扭矩分配给前驱车辆、后驱车辆和全轮驱动车辆的车轮154。在一些车辆中，可控制和改变差速器扭矩分配，以实现每个车轮154接收不同扭矩的期望的运转模式或状况。
对于包括多个直列式或以其它方式连接的EM 120构造的动力传动系统110而言，发动机115和EM 120的驱动轴130可以是作为EM驱动轴140的一部分并与EM驱动轴140为一体的单个连续贯穿的轴，或者可以是可被构造成独立于EM驱动轴140进行转动的分开的、独立的驱动轴130。图1的示意图还考虑具有可相对于驱动轴130、140偏移的多于一个的发动机115和/或EM 120的替代构造，其中，发动机115和EM 120中的一个或更多个以串联和/或并联的方式被设置在传动系105中的其它地方(诸如，作为变速器的一部分、轴向偏离驱动轴和/或在其它装置内的其它地方)。在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下，还可考虑其它变型。
传动系105和动力传动系统110还包括机械阻尼器(MD)155和变速器160，所述变速器160可以是还连接动力传动系统110的发动机115和EM 120的电子无级变速器(eCVT)160。变速器160还可以是具有多个可选可变传动比齿轮的多级阶梯传动比和/或多级可变扭矩倍增比(torque-multiplier-ratio)的自动和/或手动变速器或齿轮箱160。在一些变型中，变速器或eCVT 160可包括EM 120、分离离合器125以及与变速器或eCVT160集成的MD 155。
变速器或齿轮箱160可包括齿轮组(未示出)或多个手动和/或电子自动可选择的齿轮，所述齿轮通过摩擦元件(诸如，离合器和制动器)和其它元件的手动致动或自动致动的液压或机电接合而被选择性地置于不同齿轮比，从而建立期望的多级离散或阶梯传动比和扭矩倍增比。可通过由一个或更多个控制器实现的换挡计划来控制摩擦元件，所述换挡计划连接和断开齿轮组的特定元件，以控制驱动轴130、140和变速器输出驱动轴150之间的扭矩倍增比。如本文其它地方所描述的，eCVT或变速器160被手动地从一个扭矩倍增比切换至另一扭矩倍增比和/或由控制器基于各种车辆工况自动地从一个扭矩倍增比切换至另一扭矩倍增比。然后，变速器160将动力传动系统输出扭矩传输到输出驱动轴150来推进HEV100，并且传输到驱动轴130、140以使CE 115加速并启动，并且使得能够降低CE启动噪声和振动。
变速器160仅仅是变速器或齿轮箱装置的一个示例，并且对来自发动机115和EM120的输入扭矩进行转换并以所述不同的扭矩倍增比将来自发动机115和EM 120的输入扭矩传输到输出驱动轴150的任何类似组件可被预期用在这里所描述的实施例中。例如，变速器160可通过包括使换挡拨叉沿换挡导轨平移和旋转以选择期望的传动比的伺服马达的自动机械式(或手动)变速器来实现，所述变速器可被配置用于在车辆扭矩需求的范围内进行操作。
在其它变型中，变速器油泵165被包括并且连接到EM 120，以在发动机115断开连接和/或关闭时产生用于任意数量的组件(可包括例如释放离合器或分离离合器125、MD155、变速器160)的液压油压力。还可包括单独使用或与其它组件组合使用的电动辅助变速器油泵170，以在发动机115和EM120二者都无动力或以其它方式不能产生液压压力时补充和/或产生液压压力。
动力传动系统110和/或传动系105还包括一个或更多个电池175、180。一个或更多个所述电池可以是在大约48伏特到600伏特之间(有时在大约140伏特到300伏特之间，或者更大或更小)的范围内操作的较高电压的直流电池或电池175，所述直流电池175被用于储存电能并向EM 120以及其它车辆组件和附件供应电能。其它电池可以是在大约6伏特到24伏特之间(或者更大或更小)的范围内操作的低电压直流电池180，所述低电压直流电池180被用于储存电能并向起动机135供应电能以起动发动机115，并且向其它车辆组件和附件供应电能。
如图1所描绘的，电池175、180通过各种机械接口和电气接口以及车辆控制器(如本文其它地方所描述的)分别连接到发动机115、EM 120和车辆100。高电压EM电池175还通过马达控制模块(MCM)、电池控制模块(BCM)和/或电力电子器件185中的一个或更多个连接到EM 120，马达控制模块(MCM)、电池控制模块(BCM)和/或电力电子器件185被配置为对由高电压(HV)电池175提供给EM 120的直流(DC)电进行调节。MCM/BCM 185还被配置为将DC电池电力调节、逆变并变换为驱动电机或EM 120通常所需的三相交流(AC)电。MCM/BCM 185还被配置为：利用由EM 120和/或FEAD组件产生的能量对一个或更多个电池175、180进行充电，并且根据需要向其它车辆组件供电。
车辆100还可包括连接到车轮154的一个或更多个制动器190以及制动系统控制模块(BSCM)195。制动器190和BSCM 195可操作为使车轮154机械地和/或电气地减速，并启用从车轮154捕获减速能量的再生制动，并且与MCM/BCM 185(也可能是其它控制器)、EM 120和其它组件协作来实现对HV电池175、其它电池180以及其它电力储存组件的充电。
继续参照图1，车辆100还包括能够实现各种车辆功能的一个或更多个控制器和计算模块及系统。例如，车辆100可包括车辆系统控制器(VSC)200和车辆计算系统(VCS)及控制器205，所述车辆系统控制器(VSC)200和车辆计算系统(VCS)及控制器205与MCM/BCM185、BSCM 195、其它控制器和车辆网络(诸如，控制器局域网(CAN)210以及包括本文其它地方所描述的其它基于微处理器的控制器的更大的车辆控制系统和其它车辆网络)进行通信。CAN 210除了包括在控制器、传感器、致动器和车辆系统及组件之间的通信链路之外，还可包括网络控制器。
虽然在此出于示例的目的将MCM/BCM 185、BSCM 195、VSC 200和VCS 205示出为分立的、单独的控制器，但是MCM/BCM 185、BSCM 195、VSC 200和VCS 205可控制作为更大的车辆和控制系统以及内部和外部网络的一部分的其它控制器以及其它传感器、致动器、信号器和组件，被所述其它控制器以及其它传感器、致动器、信号器和组件控制，与所述其它控制器以及其它传感器、致动器、信号器和组件来回传送信号，并且与所述其它控制器以及其它传感器、致动器、信号器和组件进行通信。结合此处考虑的任何特定的基于微处理器的控制器所描述的功能和配置还可在一个或更多个其它控制器中实施，并被分布在多于一个的控制器中，使得多个控制器可以单独地、协作地、组合地以及合作地实现任何这样的功能和配置。因此，“控制器”或“所述控制器”的叙述旨在以单数及复数含义并且单独地、共同地以及以各种合适的合作及分布式组合的方式来指代这样的控制器。
此外，通过网络和CAN 210的通信旨在包括在控制器与传感器、致动器、控制件以及车辆系统和组件之间对命令、信号、数据、控制逻辑和信息进行响应、共享、发送和接收。控制器与一个或更多个基于控制器的输入/输出(I/O)接口进行通信，所述I/O接口可被实现为用于实现原始数据和信号的通信、和/或信号调节、处理和/或转换、短路保护、电路隔离和类似功能的单个集成接口。可替代地，在通信期间以及在对特定信号尽进行传送之前和之后，可使用一个或更多个专用硬件或固件装置、控制器以及片上系统来对特定信号进行预调节和预处理。
在进一步的说明中，MCM/BCM 185、BSCM 195、VSC 200、VCS 205、CAN 210和其它控制器可包括与各种类型的计算机可读存储装置或介质通信的一个或更多个微处理器或中央处理单元(CPU)。计算机可读存储装置或介质可包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)和非易失性或保活存储器(NVRAM或KAM)中的易失性存储器和非易失性存储器。NVRAM或KAM是可被用于在车辆和系统以及控制器和CPU未通电或断电时存储操作车辆和系统所需的各种命令、可执行控制逻辑和指令以及代码、数据、常量和变量的持久性存储器或非易失性存储器。计算机可读存储装置或介质可使用多种已知的存储装置(诸如，PROM(可编程只读存储器)、EPROM(电可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(电可擦除可编程只读存储器)、闪存或能存储数据的任何其它电存储装置、磁存储装置、光学存储装置或组合的存储装置)中的任何一种来实现。
再次参照图1，车辆100还可包括作为福特汽车公司制造的SYNC车载计算系统(参见例如第9080668号美国专利)的VCS 205。车辆100还可包括动力传动系统控制单元/模块(PCU/PCM)215，所述PCU/PCM 215连接到VSC 200或另一控制器，并连接到CAN 210、发动机115、EM 120和eCVT 160，以控制动力传动系统的每个组件。变速器控制单元(TCU)220还经由CAN 210连接到VSC 200或其它控制器，并连接到eCVT/变速器160，还可选择地连接到MD155，以实现操作控制。还可包括与CAN 210进行通信的发动机控制模块(ECM)或发动机控制单元(ECU)或能量管理系统(EMS)225，其连接到发动机115以及与PCU 215、TCU 220和其它控制器协作的VSC200。
在这种布置中，VSC 200和VCS 205合作地管理和控制车辆组件以及其它控制器、传感器和致动器。例如，控制器可向发动机115、分离离合器125、EM 120、MD 155、eCVT或变速器160、电池175、180、MCM 185以及其它组件和系统传送控制命令、逻辑、指令和代码、数据、信息以及信号，并且/或者传送来自发动机115、分离离合器125、EM 120、MD 155、eCVT或变速器160、电池175、180、MCM 185以及其它组件和系统的控制命令、逻辑、指令和代码、数据、信息以及信号。即使未在附图中示出，控制器也可控制本领域技术人员已知的其它车辆组件并与所述其它车辆组件进行通信。图1中的车辆100的实施例还描绘了与车辆网络和CAN 210进行通信的示例性的传感器和致动器，所述传感器和致动器可向VSC 200、VCS 205和其它控制器发送信号并且从VSC 200、VCS 205和其它控制器接收信号。
例如，车辆100可包括加速踏板位置和运动传感器(APP)230、制动踏板位置和运动传感器(BPP)235以及其它驾驶员控制件和车辆配置文件及性能参数(VPP)240，所述VPP240可包括方向盘位置和运动传感器、驾驶员转向信号位置传感器、驾驶员可选的车辆性能偏好配置文件和参数以及驾驶员可选的车辆运行模式传感器及相关的配置文件参数和设置。如本文其它地方所描述的，这样的配置文件参数和设置可包括可以是驾驶员可选的以及可建立各种优选的和/或预定的车辆性能特征和驾驶员配置文件偏好的配置文件参数。还可包括约束系统控制模块(RCM)245，并且所述约束系统控制模块(RCM)245可包括与可预期的控制器进行通信的各种加速度计和振动传感器。此外，如在本文其它地方关于福特汽车公司的SYNC系统或其它类似的系统所描述的，车辆100可具有VCS 205，所述VCS 205被配置有一种或更多种通信传感器、导航传感器和其它传感器。VCS 205可响应于由这些车辆系统和组件所识别的、建立的传感器信号和通信信号以及从这些车辆系统和组件接收的传感器信号和通信信号而与VSC 200及其它控制器协作来管理和控制车辆100。
再例如，各种其它车辆功能、致动器和组件可由车辆系统和组件内的控制器控制并且可从其它控制器、传感器和致动器接收信号，出于说明而非限制的目的，所述各种其它车辆功能、致动器和组件可包括HEV 100的各种操作状况(OC)，诸如，燃料喷射正时、速率和持续时间、节气门位置、(用于火花点火式发动机的)火花塞点火正时、进气/排气门正时和持续时间、前端附件驱动(FEAD)组件(诸如，空调压缩机、变速器油泵、交流发电机或发电机、EM 120)、高电压和低电压电池175、180、用于再生制动、电池充电或放电、温度、电压、电流、荷电状态(SOC)、最大充电和放电功率限制以及分离离合器125、MD 155、变速器的离合器压力的各种传感器(其中，用于电池充电或放电的传感器包括用于确定最大电量限制、荷电状态限制及放电功率限制的传感器)以及其它组件。
再例如，与控制器和CAN 210进行通信的传感器可建立或指示CE 115的OC，诸如，涡轮增压器增压压力、曲轴位置或表面点火感测(PIP)信号、发动机转速或每分钟转数(RPM)、车轮转速(WS1、WS2等)、车速感测(VSS)、发动机冷却剂温度(ECT)、进气歧管空气压力(MAP)、加速踏板位置感测(PPS)或APP 230、制动踏板位置感测(BPS)或BPP 235、点火开关位置(IGN)、节气门位置(TP)、空气温度(TMP)、大气压力、排气氧(EGO)或其它排气成分的浓度或存在度、进气流量(MAF)、变速器挡位、传动比或模式、变速器机油温度(TOT)、变速器转速(TS)、减速或换挡模式(MDE)等。
如在各个附图(包括图1和图2以及其它附图)中所描绘的，这样的控制逻辑、可执行指令和信号以及数据还可包括从车辆控制器、组件及系统接收的车辆扭矩需求信号(TDS)250、其它信号(OS)255和控制信号或命令信号(CS)260以及发送到车辆控制器、组件及系统的车辆扭矩需求信号(TDS)250、其它信号(OS)255和控制信号或命令信号(CS)260。所述信号和命令可来自车辆控制器、传感器、致动器、组件和系统信号中的任意一个。这些信号的任何一个或全部可以是其内具有嵌入信息的原始的模拟信号或数字信号，或者是响应于其它信号而产生的预调节、预处理、组合和/或衍生的信号。如在本文其它地方更详细地描述的，TDS 250和OS 255可包括各种特定信号，出于说明而非限制的目的，所述各种特定信号包括电池荷电状态、变速器输入转速、电量-扭矩和各种限制信号以及嵌入在所述信号中的数字数据和信息。
通过各种预期的控制器、传感器、致动器和其它车辆组件进行的描述的信号250、255、命令260、控制指令及逻辑、数据和信息的传送和操作可如图1所示被示意性地表示，并且可通过如图2及本文其它地方例示的流程图或类似图表来表示。所述流程图和图表示出了示例性的命令、控制过程、控制逻辑和指令以及操作策略，所述示例性的命令、控制过程、控制逻辑和指令以及操作策略可利用一种或更多种计算技术、通信技术和处理技术(可包括实时、事件驱动、中断驱动、多任务、多线程和其组合)来实现。示出的步骤和功能可以按照所描绘的顺序、并行、反复、按照修改的顺序来执行、传送和实施，并且可在一些情况下与其它处理组合以及被省略。所述命令、控制逻辑和指令可在一个或更多个所描述的基于微处理器的控制器中被执行，并且可主要被实施为硬件、软件、虚拟化硬件、固件、虚拟化固件及其组合。
继续参照图1，并且现在还参照图2，在车辆100的操作期间，当CE 115停止并且将被启动时，车辆100包括控制器300(诸如，VSC 200、VCS 205、PCU 215等)，所述控制器被配置为在步骤305发起信号250、255、控制逻辑、CS 260和指令(图2)，以在步骤310检测或接收HEV 100、CE 115和HEV 100的其它组件的当前操作状况(OC)。所述预期的OC包括任意数量的CE 115OC和环境OC(诸如，环境温度)、EM 120的转速和加速度、RCM 245的加速度和振动、CE 115的发动机安装架振动、HEV 100的灵敏度参数(可包括座椅调节导轨加速度和方向盘特性等)、主动噪声消除/控制麦克风噪声信号、CE 115和EM 120的温度，ECU 225的启动参数(诸如，当前OC的目标曲轴转速)、MCM/BCM 185的放电限制以及其它参数和状况。
发动机启动OC和噪声及振动记录器270可被包括在控制器、历史数据库330以及HEV 100的其它组件和系统中和/或连接到控制器、历史数据库330以及HEV 100的其它组件和系统。记录器270被配置为针对每个发动机启动生成新的HOCG并将其存储在历史数据库330中，并且新的HOCG还包括MNVM。
利用这样的OC，在步骤315，控制器被配置为检测和估计当前OC噪声和振动，并且在步骤320将所述当前OC噪声和振动与预定的和/或实验上确定的由HEV 100的乘员感知的CE启动噪声和振动进行关联，并且针对所述噪声和振动的每个源生成对应的相关因子。在步骤325，控制器利用相关因子320生成最小噪声和振动度量(MNVM，minimum noise andvibrationmetric)，所述MNVM是表征针对当前OC和每个启动序列的感知的噪声和振动的无量纲值。在步骤330，每个生成的MNVM被存储在OC配置文件的历史数据库330中，所述OC配置文件还捕获并存储检测到的OC，所述检测的OC一起被存储为OC网格(OCG)，所述OCG与图3中示意性描绘并且在本文其它地方进一步描述的网格类似。历史配置文件数据库330捕获并存储先前的发动机和/或CE 115的启动的历史CE启动OCG(HOCG)，所述HOCG作为包括对应的MNVM的SOCG被记录在历史配置文件数据库中。
继续参照图2和图3，在步骤335，控制器(诸如，控制器300)还包括还可与图3所反映的数据库类似的起动扭矩配置文件数据库340(图3)，所述起动扭矩配置文件数据库340包括预定的基线OC起动扭矩配置文件，所述预定的基线OC起动扭矩配置文件被存储为OC网格(SOCG)335并且反映针对多个OC的最佳CE 115起动参数和配置。还是在步骤335，一个或更多个HEV控制器和/或组件搜索最靠近或最接近当前OC的起动扭矩基线SOCG(NOCG)，在步骤345选择所述NOCG。换言之，控制器被配置为：根据当前检测到的CE OC，从起动扭矩配置文件数据库340中存储的操作状况网格(SOCG)中选择最接近的操作状况(OC)网格(NOCG)。控制器利用CE的当前OC来搜索起动扭矩SOCG，以确定并且随后选择最接近当前CE OC的SOCG或NOCG。
同时在步骤350，控制器针对最接近当前OC的历史启动SOCG(HOCG)而搜索历史配置文件数据库330并且选择所述HOCG。如果历史数据库330为空并且不存在HOCG，则从基线数据库340中搜索并选择下一最接近的起动扭矩基线OCG(NNOCG)。用另一种方式解释，在步骤350，控制器还搜索历史数据库330并从SOCG中选择以下项之一：(a)HOCG；(b)来自起动扭矩配置文件数据库340的最接近的相邻OC网格(NNOCG)(当不存在任何存储的HOCG时)。
控制器还被配置为在步骤355生成混合因子，所述混合因子被配置为使控制器能够根据每个选择的NOCG、HOCG和NNOCG与当前OC的接近程度来对选择的NOCG、HOCG和NNOCG进行混合。例如，通过当前OC、选择的起动扭矩NOCG、选择的历史启动HOCG和NNOCG(如果适合)之间的比较、差异和/或“距离”而生成混合因子。混合因子被归一化在0与1之间，并且被生成为当前CE OC与NOCG以及HOCG和NNOCG之一中的每个之间的最小差异或“距离”。利用生成的混合因子，通过对选择的NOCG与HOCG和NNOCG之一进行融合而生成、产生和校准启动配置文件。启动配置文件等于混合因子乘以NOCG的乘积与1减去混合因子的差乘以HOCG和NNOCG之一的乘积的总和。以这种方式，控制器可利用混合因子来校准启动配置文件，以更准确地反映NOCG、HOCG或NNOCG中的哪一个最接近OC。
然后，在步骤360，控制器生成可在步骤365被用于控制和调节EM 120的扭矩输出的前馈扭矩信号(FFTS)360，以在发动机或CE 115的启动期间降低噪声和振动共振。此外，在步骤370，控制器利用步骤345的选择的NOCG生成起动扭矩信号(CTS)370，所述CTS 370在步骤375被用于通过MD 155的阻尼器模型产生补偿因子375。在步骤380，根据当前检测到的OC下的MD 155的模型化的性能，利用补偿因子375进一步校准CTS 370。在步骤385，利用校准的CTS 370来调节eCVT 160的传动比，以在CE或发动机115的启动期间进一步降低并补偿可能的共振噪声和振动。利用调节的eCVT 160的传动比，控制器在步骤365进一步调节EM扭矩，并且控制进行到步骤390并且在步骤390结束，于是，控制器使控制返回到步骤305，并且以离散时间间隔进行重复。
此处的描述涉及处于“通信”和/或“连接”在一起的系统、方法、组件、元件、节点或特征。如在此所使用的，除非另有明确说明，否则这些术语和词语的使用旨在并且必须被理解为：一个系统/方法/传感器/致动器/组件/元件/模块/特征电子地、机械地或二者组合地以及以实现协作操作和数据及信息的交换和互换的某种类似方式直接地或间接地连接到、结合到另一系统/方法/传感器/致动器/组件/元件/模块/特征，和/或与另一系统/方法/传感器/致动器/组件/元件/模块/特征进行通信。
此外，即使所描述的各种实施方式、附图、图示和绘图描绘了组件、元件、装置和特征的代表性示例和布置，但许多不同的附加变型、布置、修改和介入组件、元件以及特征也可存在于本公开所预期的进一步的示例性实施方式中。
除非另外明确说明，否则本文中使用的术语、词语和短语及其变型必须被解释为开放式的而非限制性的。例如，术语“包括”应被理解为意味“包括但不限于”或类似含义；术语“示例”被用于宽泛地描述所描述的项目的说明性实例，而不是详尽的、排他性的或限制性的列举；诸如“常规的”、“传统的”、“正常的”、“标准的”、“已知的”和具有相似含义的术语的形容词不能被解释为将描述限制为给定示例，或限制为特定日期和时间段在市场上可商购的示例性项目。
相反，这些描述旨在被理解为包括以根据本公开中所描述的创新进行改进和修改的某种形式而可用于现在和将来的任何时间的常规的、传统的、正常的或标准的技术。类似地，所描述的并与连词“和”或转折连词“或”结合的一组词语必须被理解为仅仅是示例性的和代表性的而不是排他性词语组，并且不应被理解为要求那些所描述的项目中唯一的或者各自或者每一个都必须或者不应当出现在所设想的词语组中。更确切地，除非另有明确说明，否则所述连词和转折连词的使用必须被理解为表示“和/或”。
类似地，除非另有明确说明，与连词“或”相关联的一组词语不应被理解为要求在所述组中的相互排他性，而必须被理解为“和/或”的含义。此外，虽然以单数形式描述或要求保护本公开的词汇、项目、元件或组件，但复数形式也意在并预期在这样的描述的范围内，除非明确规定对单数形式的限制。在一些情况下，诸如“一个或更多个”、“至少”、“但不限于”或其它类似短语的扩展词语和短语的存在与否旨在被解释为预期更广泛的含义，而不应被理解成意味更狭义的含义被隐含、意图或需要。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆，包括：
电子无级变速器，连接到至少一个控制器，所述至少一个控制器被配置为：
利用从发动机启动配置文件生成的前馈扭矩信号调节电机扭矩，以降低燃烧式发动机的启动振动，其中，所述发动机启动配置文件利用混合因子进行校准，所述混合因子被生成为当前发动机操作状况与存储的操作状况网格之间的差异，使得燃烧式发动机启动时的启动振动被衰减。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
根据当前的燃烧式发动机(CE)的操作状况(OC)，从存储的操作状况网格(SOCG)中选择最接近的操作状况网格(NOCG)；
从存储的操作状况网格中选择(a)历史操作状况网格(HOCG)和(b)当不存在历史操作状况网格时的最接近的相邻操作状况网格(NNOCG)中的一个；
将混合因子生成为所述差异，所述差异为当前的燃烧式发动机的操作状况与历史操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格中的所述一个以及最接近的操作状况网格中的每个之间的距离中的最小距离；
利用历史操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格中的所述一个、混合因子以及最接近的操作状况网格来校准发动机启动配置文件；
通过校准的发动机启动配置文件生成燃烧式发动机起动扭矩和前馈扭矩信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
从预定的基线操作状况网格的数据库中的存储的操作状况网格中选择最接近的操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格，并且从先前的燃烧式发动机启动的存储的操作状况网格的历史数据库中选择历史操作状况网格。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
根据校准的发动机启动配置文件和燃烧式发动机起动扭矩，调节电子无级变速器的传动比。
5.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
根据电子无级变速器的机械阻尼器模型，生成起动扭矩补偿因子；
利用起动扭矩补偿因子校准燃烧式发动机起动扭矩；
根据校准的发动机启动配置文件和校准的燃烧式发动机起动扭矩，调节电子无级变速器的传动比。
6.根据权利要求2所述的车辆，还包括：
发动机启动操作状况和噪声及振动记录器；
所述至少一个控制器与所述记录器连接，并且还被配置为：
利用所述记录器针对每个发动机启动生成新的历史操作状况网格，并且利用所述记录器将所述新的历史操作状况网格存储在历史操作状况网格的数据库中，所述新的历史操作状况网格包括最小噪声和振动度量(MNVM)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
根据主动噪声消除麦克风、电机转速和加速度、车身加速度、燃烧式发动机安装架振动、车辆灵敏度参数以及加速踏板位置和变化率中的一个或更多个生成最小噪声和振动度量。
8.根据权利要求6所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
通过将当前的燃烧式发动机的操作状况以及当前的燃烧式发动机的启动噪声和振动与每个最接近的操作状况网格、历史操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格的操作状况以及最小噪声和振动度量进行比较，来生成所述距离。
9.根据权利要求6所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为：
从至少包括主动噪声消除麦克风、电机转速和加速度、车身加速度、燃烧式发动机安装架振动、车辆灵敏度参数以及加速踏板位置和变化率的一个或更多个源中检测燃烧式发动机启动噪声和振动；
针对每个检测到的噪声和振动源生成预定的相关值，所述预定的相关值与车辆乘员所感知的实际的噪声和振动相关；
根据所述预定的相关值生成最小噪声和振动度量。
10.根据权利要求6所述的车辆，还包括：
所述至少一个控制器还被配置为在燃烧式发动机(CE)启动时以离散时间间隔执行以下操作：
重新调节电机扭矩；
利用重新生成的混合因子重新校准发动机启动配置文件；
在每个离散时间间隔时，利用所述记录器重新生成新的历史操作状况网格并且对新的历史操作状况网格进行存储。
11.一种用于控制车辆的方法，包括：
由连接到电子无级变速器、发动机和电机的控制器执行以下操作：
在发动机启动期间，以离散时间间隔利用前馈扭矩信号来调节电机的扭矩，以降低发动机的启动振动，其中，根据利用混合因子产生的发动机启动配置文件生成所述前馈扭矩信号，所述混合因子被生成为发动机操作状况和存储的操作状况网格之间的差异。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于控制车辆的方法，还包括：
由诸如所述控制器的至少一个控制器执行以下操作：
根据当前的发动机操作状况(OC)，从存储的操作状况网格(SOCG)中选择最接近的操作状况网格(NOCG)；
从存储的操作状况网格中选择(a)历史操作状况网格(HOCG)和(b)当不存在历史操作状况网格时的最接近的相邻操作状况网格(NNOCG)中的一个；
将混合因子生成为作为当前的发动机操作状况与历史操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格中的所述一个以及最接近的操作状况网格中的每个之间的距离中的最小距离的所述差异；
利用历史操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格中的所述一个、混合因子以及最接近的操作状况网格来校准发动机启动配置文件，
根据校准的发动机启动配置文件生成发动机起动扭矩和前馈扭矩信号。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于控制车辆的方法，还包括：
由所述至少一个控制器执行以下操作：
从预定的基线操作状况网格的数据库中的存储的操作状况网格中选择最接近的操作状况网格和最接近的相邻操作状况网格，并且从先前的发动机启动的存储的操作状况网格的历史数据库中选择历史操作状况网格。
14.根据权利要求12所述的用于控制车辆的方法，还包括：
由所述至少一个控制器执行以下操作：
根据电子无级变速器的机械阻尼器模型，生成起动扭矩补偿因子；
利用起动扭矩补偿因子校准发动机起动扭矩；
根据校准的发动机启动配置文件和校准的发动机起动扭矩，调节电子无级变速器的传动比。
15.根据权利要求12所述的用于控制车辆的方法，还包括：
由还与发动机启动操作状况和噪声及振动记录器连接的所述至少一个控制器执行以下操作：
利用所述记录器针对每个发动机启动生成新的历史操作状况网格，并且利用所述记录器将所述新的历史操作状况网格存储在历史操作状况网格的数据库中，所述新的历史操作状况网格包括最小噪声和振动度量(MNVM)。
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