CN109293705A - 一种铱配合物的制备方法及在双光子线粒体染料中的应用 - Google Patents
一种铱配合物的制备方法及在双光子线粒体染料中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于用于细胞成像的荧光染料的研发领域,公开了一种铱配合物的制备方法及其在具有双光子吸收性质的细胞线粒体荧光染料中的应用。本发明合成的铱配合物具有良好水溶性和稳定的化学结构。该配合物不仅具有优秀的双光子吸收性质和优异的荧光强度,还能够特异性地结合细胞线粒体,是潜在的新型细胞线粒体的双光子荧光探针和细胞线粒体成像染料。实验证明,其中一个铱配合物荧光强度达到商用的线粒体荧光染料MitoTracker Green FM的6倍以上。本发明所合成的铱配合物还能够对细胞线粒体进行3D立体成像,在细胞内部甚至动物器官组织不同深度的细胞和线粒体结构研究方面具有重要的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于用于细胞成像的荧光染料的研发领域,尤其涉及一种铱配合物的制备方法及其在具有双光子吸收性质的细胞线粒体荧光染料中的应用。
背景技术
细胞荧光成像是一种能够从亚细胞层面理解生命活动基本过程的重要工具,被生命科学的各个领域都广泛应用。优秀的荧光染料是得到高品质细胞荧光图像的重要条件之一。线粒体是一种存在于大多数真核细胞中的由两层膜包被的细胞器,约占细胞体积10%。作为一种多形细胞器,其结构因细胞类型、细胞周期状态意思胞内代谢状态而不断变化。线粒体已被人们了解的重要功能包括:由氧化磷酸化和脂质氧化介导的能量产生;参与尿素生成、血红素和非血红素铁和类固醇生物起源等代谢活动;稳定细胞内钙离子;细胞内源性凋亡调节等。线粒体的分布依据细胞能量水平而变化,是细胞类型、细胞周期状态和增殖情况的一种功能表现。阿兹海默症等多种疾病都被认为与线粒体功能障碍有关。因此,利用荧光染料对细胞内线粒体成像,进而观察线粒体形态变化能够为相关疾病的病理和药理研究提供直接的信息。
现有的两类商业化线粒体染料,(线粒体膜电位依赖的和非线粒体膜电位依赖的)基本为单光子吸收的荧光有机小分子。线粒体膜电位依赖的染料,如罗丹明类、羰花青类等,容易随膜电位降低而被洗脱,不利于研究线粒体动态变化。非线粒体膜电位依赖的染料,如MitoTracker FM系列染料等,虽然抗洗脱能力明显提高,但具有Stokes位移小,水溶性低,光漂白严重等缺点,也限制了它们的应用。更重要的是,激发该类单光子吸收的染料需要高能量(短波长)的单光子激光,易在细胞中产生单线态氧,不仅不利于长时间观察线粒体形态和变化,而且容易引起细胞损伤。
近年来,双光子荧光染料是当前包括细胞成像、3D光信息存储器等许多领域的研究热点。相对于传统的单光子吸收染料,双光子吸收染料具有巨大的优势。在强脉冲激光照射的条件下,荧光染料分子同时吸收两个光子,发射出一个波长比激光波长更短的光子。双光子吸收荧光染料需要的双光子激发光的波长比单光子激发光明显更长,受细胞内的各细胞器的散射影响更小,能够穿透更深的细胞结构,并且对细胞的损害更小,因此在活细胞成像上具有单光子荧光染料不可比拟的优势。
本专利发明了一种具有良好水溶性的铱配合物。该配合物不仅具有优秀的双光子吸收性质和优异的荧光强度,还能够特异性地结合细胞线粒体,是潜在的新型细胞线粒体的双光子荧光探针和细胞线粒体成像染料。实验证明,其中一个铱配合物荧光强度达到商用的线粒体荧光染料MitoTracker Green FM的6倍以上。本发明所合成的铱配合物还能够对细胞线粒体进行3D立体成像,在细胞内部甚至动物器官组织不同深度的细胞和线粒体结构研究方面具有重要的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对当前细胞线粒体荧光染料的缺陷和不足,提供一种具有高荧光强度的、具有双光子细胞线粒体荧光成像功能的铱配合物。
本发明的第二个目的是提供所述铱配合物的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供所述铱配合物在双光子细胞线粒体荧光成像中的应用。
本发明的上述目的通过如下技术方案予以实现:
一种铱配合物,由阳离子和阴离子组成,所述阳离子结构式如式I,所示:
式I
本发明所述铱配合物并不限定阴离子的种类,本领域常规阴离子均能实现本发明目的,尤其是无机盐阴离子,如PF6 -、ClO4 -、Cl-等,作为一种最优选方案,本发明所述铱配合物的阴离子为PF6 -。
上述铱配合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1. 将无水三氯化铱、2-苯基吡啶在乙二醇甲醚中回流,加入邻菲咯啉-5,6-二酮的乙醇溶液,继续回流,冷却至室温,加入六氟磷酸铵饱和水溶液,析出沉淀,过滤,真空干燥,得式II所示前体化合物Y0:
式II
S2. 前体化合物Y0和乙酸铵分别与肉桂醛、硝基肉桂醛、甲氧基肉桂醛或二甲氨基肉桂醛溶于丙酸中,加热回流,待反应完全后减压蒸出全部溶剂,水洗数次后真空干燥,粗产物用硅胶柱层析,二氯甲烷洗下唯一黄色组分,即得所述铱配合物Y1-Y4(式I)。
优选地,上述步骤所述加热回流反应的条件是在140℃下,回流2小时。
优选地,所述无水三氯化铱、2-苯基吡啶、邻菲罗啉-5,6-二酮、六氟磷酸铵的摩尔比为1:2:1:5。
优选地,所述前体配合物Y0与肉桂醛(或硝基肉桂醛、甲氧基肉桂醛、二甲氨基肉桂醛)的摩尔比为1:1。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种新型的具有稳定结构和良好光谱性质的铱配合物,该配合物能够特异性结合细胞线粒体,并具有双光子吸收性质,是新型的线粒体双光子荧光探针和荧光染料。在制备方法上,类似化合物的传统合成路线(即先合成咪唑并邻菲罗啉配体L,再与[Ir2(L’)4Cl2]生成[Ir(L’)2L]+)的产率基本在50%(以IrCl3计),而本发明所设计的合成路线的产率(以IrCl3计)达到80%,且产物单一,极易分离纯化,显著降低了贵金属铱的损耗和生产的复杂性,提升了经济效益。
本发明合成的铱配合物在线粒体双光子荧光探针和荧光染料中的应用,具有以下优势:(1)具有良好的水溶性和稳定性;(2)优异的荧光强度,与目前商用的线粒体荧光染料MitoTracker Green FM相比,其双光子共聚焦显微镜成像的荧光强度是该商用染料的6倍;(3)由于其优秀的双光子吸收性质,可用800nm的长波长激光作为激发光,不仅受细胞内各细胞器的散射影响更小,还能够穿透更深的细胞结构,并且对细胞的损害更小;(4)能够对细胞线粒体进行3D立体成像,进而帮助人们研究细胞内部甚至动物器官组织不同深度的细胞和线粒体结构。
附图说明
图1为本发明所制备的铱配合物Y1~Y4的合成途径;
图2为本发明所制备的铱配合物Y1~Y4与细胞核染料DAPI、线粒体染料MitoTrackerGreen FM共染的人肺癌细胞A549的双光子共聚焦显微图像。
图3为本发明所制备的铱配合物Y1对人肺癌细胞A549在不同深度的荧光成像。
图4为本发明所制备的铱配合物Y2对人肺癌细胞A549在不同深度的荧光成像。
图5为本发明所制备的铱配合物Y3对人肺癌细胞A549在不同深度的荧光成像。
图6为本发明所制备的铱配合物Y4对人肺癌细胞A549在不同深度的荧光成像。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。实施例仅用以解释本发明,而不用于对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备,所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1 铱配合物的制备
1、铱配合物的制备:
本发明所合成的铱配合物的合成路线如图1所示。在制备方法上,作为对类似化合物的产率基本在50%(以IrCl3计)的传统合成路线(即先合成咪唑并邻菲罗啉配体L,再与[Ir2(L’)4Cl2]生成[Ir(L’)2L]+)的优化,本发明设计了新的合成路线(即先合成邻菲罗啉-5,6-二酮的前体铱配合物Y0,再与肉桂醛生成目标化合物),产率(以IrCl3计)达到80%,且产物单一,极易分离纯化,显著降低了贵金属铱的损耗和合成的复杂性。
(1)前体铱配合物Y0的合成方法:
将无水三氯化铱(2.98 g,10 mmol)、2-苯基吡啶(3.10 g,20 mmol)在乙二醇甲醚(500ml)中回流2小时,加入邻菲咯啉-5,6-二酮(2.10 g,10 mmol)的乙醇溶液(200 ml),继续回流2小时,冷却至室温,加入六氟磷酸铵(8.15 g,50 mmol)饱和水溶液,析出沉淀,过滤,真空干燥,得前体铱配合物Y0,产量7.50 g,产率87%。
(2)铱配合物Y1的合成方法:
将前体铱配合物Y0(1.72 g,2 mmol)、乙酸铵(1.54 g,20 mmol)、肉桂醛(0.26 g,2mmol)在丙酸(20 ml)中回流2小时,减压蒸出全部溶剂,水洗数次后真空干燥,粗产物用硅胶柱层析,二氯甲烷洗下唯一黄色组分,即得所述铱配合物Y1,产量1.78 g,产率92%。1HNMR(ppm, DMSO-d6):δ 8.15(s,2H),8.02(s,3H),7.94(d,J = 8.1 Hz,2H),7.73(m,7H),7.43(m,5H),7.22(d,J = 6.45 Hz,3H),7.09(t,J = 7.5Hz,2H),6.95(m,4H),6.41(d,J =7.35Hz,2H)。ESI-MS(CH3OH,m/z) = 823.27(理论值823.22,[M-PF6]+)。
(3)铱配合物Y2的合成方法:
制备步骤同配合物Y1,不同点在于将其中的肉桂醛替代为硝基肉桂醛(0.35 g,2mmol),其余步骤及操作不变,产量1.88 g,产率93%。1H NMR(ppm, DMSO-d6):δ 9.13(d,J =6.12 Hz,2H),8.28(q,4H),8.16(d,J = 3.21 Hz,2H),8.09(t,J = 3.06 Hz,2H),8.05(t,J= 5.22 Hz,2H),7.97(d,J = 5.55 Hz,3H),7.90(m,3H),7.68(d,J = 11.31 Hz,1H),7.53(d,J = 4.23 Hz,2H),7.07(t,J = 5.55 Hz,2H),6.98(m,4H),6.30(d,J = 5.58Hz,2H)。ESI-MS(CH3OH,m/z) = 868.23(理论值868.20,[M-PF6]+)。
(4)铱配合物Y3的合成方法:
制备步骤同配合物Y1,不同点在于将其中的肉桂醛替代为甲氧基肉桂醛(0.32 g,2mmol),其余步骤及操作不变,产量1.82 g,产率91%。1H NMR(ppm, DMSO-d6):9.31(d,J =5.91 Hz,1H),9.11(d,J = 6.09 Hz,1H),8.17(d,J = 3.45 Hz,1H),8.13(d,J = 3.27 Hz,1H),7.94(d,J = 6.09 Hz,2H),7.80(m,2H),7.73(m,5H),7.54(d,J = 5.49 Hz,2H),7.42(d,J = 3.87 Hz,1H),7.33(d,J = 3.99 Hz,1H),7.12(m,3H),6.99(t,J = 5.25 Hz,2H),6.92(t,J = 4.74 Hz,1H),6.82(m,3H),6.42(t,J = 6.72 Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H)。ESI-MS(CH3OH,m/z) = 853.28(理论值853.23,[M-PF6]+)。
(5)铱配合物Y4的合成方法:
制备步骤同配合物Y1,不同点在于将其中的肉桂醛替代为二甲氨基肉桂醛(0.35 g,2mmol),其余步骤及操作不变,产量2.41 g,产率92%。1H NMR(ppm, DMSO-d6):9.10(d,J =6.03 Hz,2H),8.27(d,J = 5.85 Hz,2H),8.12(s,2H),8.04(t,J = 9.81 Hz,2H),7.96(d,J= 5.49 Hz,2H),7.88(t,J = 5.54 Hz,2H),7.53(q,4H),7.08(m,4H),6.98(m,4H),6.76(d,J = 6.18 Hz,2H),6.59(d,J = 3.81 Hz,1H),6.30(d,J = 5.43 Hz,2H),2.98(s,6H)。ESI-MS(CH3OH,m/z) = 866.26(理论值866.32,[M-PF6]+)。
实施例2 铱配合物作为细胞线粒体双光子染料的研究
对数生长周期的人肺癌细胞A549与细胞核染料DAPI、线粒体染料MitoTracker GreenFM、以及铱配合物共染,以磷酸缓冲溶液洗涤5次,在Nikon A1plus双光子共聚焦显微镜上成像,25倍物镜(Apo LWD/1.10 DIC N2),NDD反射镜,激发光800nm,分别在420nm(蓝色)、515nm(绿色)、590nm(红色)滤光片下记录荧光图像(图2)。从图2可见,本发明所合成的四个铱配合物与线粒体染料分布完全重合,而与细胞核染料不重合,证明其均为细胞线粒体特异性染料。从荧光强度比来看(F red/F Green),在先加入商用线粒体染料MitoTracker GreenFM再加入铱配合物进行竞争实验的情况下,除了铱配合物Y1与MitoTracker Green FM基本相当外,其他三个铱配合物的荧光强度显著强于MitoTracker Green FM,尤其是铱配合物Y3,在全部成像范围内的荧光强度都几乎是MitoTracker Green FM的6倍以上,证明本发明所合成的铱配合物Y2~Y4都是具有高灵敏度的细胞线粒体特异性双光子荧光染料。
铱配合物Y1~Y4的荧光深度成像图(Z-Stack)分别如图3~图6所示。可以看到,本发明所合成的铱配合物具有优异的细胞进入能力,从而在整个细胞的不同深度的层面都进行良好的成像。因此,本发明所合成的铱配合物能够对细胞线粒体进行3D立体成像,进而帮助人们研究细胞内部甚至动物器官组织不同深度的细胞和线粒体结构。
Claims (6)
1.一种铱配合物,该化合物由阳离子和阴离子两部分组成其特征在于,所述阳离子为[Ir(L’)2L]+,其结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
式Ⅰ。
2.根据权利要求1所述铱配合物,其特征在于,所述阴离子为无机盐离子。
3.根据权利要求2所述铱配合物,其特征在于,所述无机盐离子为PF6 -,ClO4 -或Cl-。
4.权利要求1所述铱配合物的制备方法,其特征在于,制备步骤如下:
S1.将无水三氯化铱、2-苯基吡啶在乙二醇甲醚中回流,加入邻菲咯啉-5,6-二酮的乙醇溶液,继续回流,冷却至室温,加入六氟磷酸铵饱和水溶液,析出沉淀,过滤,真空干燥,得式II所示前体化合物Y0:
式II
S2.前体化合物Y0和乙酸铵分别与肉桂醛、硝基肉桂醛、甲氧基肉桂醛或二甲氨基肉桂醛溶于丙酸中,加热回流,待反应完全后减压蒸出全部溶剂,水洗数次后真空干燥,粗产物用硅胶柱层析,二氯甲烷洗下唯一黄色组分,即得所述铱配合物Y1~Y4(式I)。
5.权利要求1中所述的铱配合物作为线粒体荧光染料的应用。
6.权利要求1中所述的铱配合物作为细胞线粒体3D立体成像荧光染料的应用。
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