CN109286293A

CN109286293A - The manufacturing method of electric vehicle, wheel, switched reluctance machines and its iron core

Info

Publication number: CN109286293A
Application number: CN201710885521.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李铁才; 童恩东; 漆亚梅; 黄国辉
Original assignee: SHENZHEN PEITIAN MOTOR TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shenzhen Dafu Power Equipment Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2017-07-21
Filing date: 2017-09-26
Publication date: 2019-01-29
Also published as: WO2019015065A1; CN109286294A; CN109286350A; CN109286289A; CN109286350B; WO2019015064A1; CN109286251A; CN207652278U; WO2019015094A1; CN207652275U; CN109286292A; WO2019015063A1; WO2019015031A1; CN207504744U; CN207652144U; WO2019015093A1; CN207652274U; CN207652277U; CN207504745U; CN207504726U

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of electric vehicles, wheel, the manufacturing method of switched reluctance machines and its iron core, the switched reluctance machines include stator and rotor, wherein stator is provided at least three stator modules along axial segmentation, each stator module respectively includes circumferential periodically setting and the multiple stator tooths being spaced each other by stator slot and the winding being set around on stator tooth along stator, the stator tooth of at least three stator modules staggers successively predetermined angular along the circumferential direction of stator, winding in each stator module is same phase winding, the material of the iron core of switched reluctance machines is iron silica-alumina material, iron silica-alumina material die casting forms iron core.The present invention can reduce cost.

Description

The manufacturing method of electric vehicle, wheel, switched reluctance machines and its iron core

Technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of motor, it is related to the system of a kind of electric vehicle, wheel, switched reluctance machines and its iron core Make method.

Background technique

For inventor in practice, it has been found that traditional switched reluctance machines include stator and rotor, stator has stator core, Rotor has rotor core, at present by carrying out punching to entire silicon steel sheet, and the silicon steel sheet after punching is laminated, with shape At stator core or rotor core.Since the price of silicon steel sheet is higher, lead to the at high cost of traditional switched reluctance machines.

Summary of the invention

In the prior art at high cost in order to solve the problems, such as, the present invention provides an electric vehicle, wheel, switched reluctance machines And its manufacturing method of iron core.

To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of switched reluctance machines comprising stator and rotor, Wherein the stator is provided at least three stator modules along axial segmentation, and each stator module is respectively included along described fixed Sub circumferential periodical setting and the multiple stator tooths being spaced each other by stator slot and the winding being set around on the stator tooth, The stator tooth of at least three stator module staggers successively predetermined angular, each stator module along the circumferential direction of the stator In the winding be same phase winding, the rotor include the circumferential periodically setting along the rotor and by rotor slot each other Multiple rotor tooths at interval, the material of the iron core of the switched reluctance machines are iron silica-alumina material, the iron silica-alumina material die casting Into the iron core

Wherein, the iron core of the switched reluctance machines includes the stator core of the stator, the side of the stator core It is arranged fluted, the winding winding is in the groove.

Wherein, the iron silica-alumina material include 85% iron, 9% silicon and 6% aluminium alloy powder.

Wherein, the quantity of the stator tooth of at least three stator module and of same size, the predetermined angular are T1/N, Wherein the T1 is the angle period of the stator tooth, and the N is the quantity of at least three stator module.

Wherein, the quantity of the stator tooth is odd number.

Wherein, the rotor includes circumferential multiple turns for being periodically arranged and being spaced each other by rotor slot along the rotor Sub- tooth, wherein the quantity of the rotor tooth is identical as the quantity of the stator tooth, and the width of the rotor tooth is less than described fixed The width of pilot trench.

Wherein, the width ratio of the stator slot and the stator tooth is 1:0.95-0.85, the stator tooth and the rotor The width ratio of tooth is 1:1.05-0.95.

Wherein, the switched reluctance machines further comprise switch driving circuit, and the switch driving circuit connects direct current On the winding of power supply and at least three stator module, with periodically control the DC power supply successively it is described at least The driving period corresponding to three stator modules applies the driving current on the winding, wherein at least three stator The phase of the driving period of component offsets one from another.

To solve the above problems, being used to manufacture switching magnetic-resistance electricity the present invention also provides a kind of manufacturing method of iron core The stator core and/or rotor core of machine, the manufacturing method include:

Iron silica-alumina material is provided；

The stator core and/or rotor core of the switched reluctance machines are formed using the iron silica-alumina material die casting.

Wherein, the switched reluctance machines include stator and rotor, wherein the stator along axial segmentation be provided with to Few three stator modules, each stator module respectively include along the stator circumferential periodically setting and by stator slot that Multiple stator tooths at this interval and the winding being set around on the stator tooth, the stator tooth edge of at least three stator module The circumferential direction of the stator staggers successively predetermined angular, and the winding in each stator module is same phase winding, described Rotor includes the circumferential multiple rotor tooths for being periodically arranged and being spaced each other by rotor slot along the rotor.

Wherein, include: using the stator core of the iron silica-alumina material die casting into the switched reluctance machines

In the side of the stator core, setting is fluted, and in the groove by the winding winding.

In order to solve the above technical problems, wheel uses In-wheel motor driving, hub motor the present invention also provides a kind of wheel Using any one of above-described embodiment switched reluctance machines structure.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention also provides a kind of electric vehicle, electric vehicle is pure electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle, Electric vehicle is using any one of above-described embodiment switched reluctance machines structure.

Compared with prior art, the material of the iron core of the switched reluctance machines is iron silica-alumina material, iron silica-alumina material die casting Into iron core, due to without precious metal in iron silica-alumina material, iron silica-alumina material it is cheap, reduce cost；In addition, iron The magnetism of silica-alumina material is good, can be improved the magnetism of stator core.

Detailed description of the invention

It in order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, below will be to institute in embodiment Attached drawing to be used is needed to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only some implementations of the invention Example, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to these attached drawings Obtain other attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of the switched reluctance machines of first embodiment of the invention；

Fig. 2 is the decomposition diagram of switched reluctance machines in Fig. 1；

Fig. 3 is the stereoscopic schematic diagram of the three-phase switch reluctance machine of external stator internal rotor；

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram that A phase winding is wound around the first stator tooth in Fig. 1；

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the first stator tooth in Fig. 1, the second stator tooth and third stator tooth；

Fig. 6 is the magnetic line of force schematic diagram that the center of rotor tooth is overlapped with the center of the first stator tooth in Fig. 1；

Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram that the first stator tooth is aligned with rotor slot in Fig. 1；

Fig. 8 is the magnetic line of force schematic diagram that rotor tooth and the first stator tooth position are staggered in Fig. 1；

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram for the inductance curve that switched reluctance machines work normally in Fig. 1；

Figure 10 is that the rotor tooth of switched reluctance machines is equipped with the structural schematic diagram of top rake；

Figure 11 is the circuit diagram of switch driving circuit；

Figure 12 is the timing diagram of the working principle of switched reluctance machines；

Figure 13 is the structural schematic diagram of current detection circuit；

Figure 14 is the timing diagram of the working principle of the switched reluctance machines of fifth embodiment of the invention；

Figure 15 is the structural schematic diagram of position sensor；

Figure 16 is the flow chart of the control method of the electric current of the switched reluctance machines of first embodiment of the invention；

Figure 17 is the flow chart of the manufacturing method of the iron core of first embodiment of the invention；

Figure 18 is the diagrammatic cross-section of stator core.

Specific embodiment

With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the present invention is described in further detail.It is emphasized that following implement Example is merely to illustrate the present invention, but is not defined to the scope of the present invention.Likewise, following embodiment is only portion of the invention Point embodiment and not all embodiments, institute obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts There are other embodiments, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Description and claims of this specification and term " first ", " second ", " third " " in above-mentioned attached drawing The (if present)s such as four " are to be used to distinguish similar objects, without being used to describe a particular order or precedence order.It should manage The data that solution uses in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiment of the present invention described herein for example can be to remove Sequence other than those of illustrating or describe herein is implemented.In addition, term " includes " and " having " and theirs is any Deformation, it is intended that cover it is non-exclusive include, for example, containing the process, method of a series of steps or units, system, production Product or equipment those of are not necessarily limited to be clearly listed step or unit, but may include be not clearly listed or for this A little process, methods, the other step or units of product or equipment inherently.

As shown in Figs. 1-2, the present invention provides the switched reluctance machines of first embodiment, which includes fixed Son 11 and rotor 12, wherein stator 11 is provided at least three stator modules along axial segmentation, and each stator module includes along fixed The circumferential periodically setting of son 11 and the winding of the multiple stator tooths and winding being spaced each other by stator slot on the stator teeth, i.e., Multiple stator tooths are periodically arranged along the circumferential of stator 11, and are spaced each other with multiple stator slots.

For example, the switched reluctance machines of the present embodiment concretely three-phase switch reluctance machine, the threephase switch magnetic Hinder the three-phase switch reluctance machine that motor can be outer rotor inner stator.As shown in Fig. 2, stator 11 along axial segmentation be arranged there are three Stator module, respectively A phase stator module 111, B phase stator module 112 and C phase stator module 113.In other embodiments, Switched reluctance machines can be the three-phase switch reluctance machine 30 of external stator internal rotor, as shown in Figure 3.

As shown in Fig. 2, A phase stator module 111 include multiple first stator tooths 131, multiple first stator tooths 131 with it is multiple First stator slot 134 is spaced each other.As shown in figure 4, A phase stator module 111 further comprises being wound around on the first stator tooth 131 A phase winding 137, when A phase winding 137 applies driving current, A phase winding 137 can generate magnetic pole, and then form magnetic field.

B phase stator module 112 includes multiple B phase windings second stator tooth 132 and be wound around on the second stator tooth 132, Multiple second stator tooths 132 are spaced each other with multiple second stator slots 135；C phase stator module 113 includes multiple third stator tooths 133 and the C phase winding that is wound around on third stator tooth 133, multiple third stator tooths 133 with multiple third stator slots 136 each other Interval.Wherein, B phase winding is wound around on the second stator tooth 132 and C phase winding is wound around on third stator tooth 133 and A phase winding 137 structures that are wound around on the first stator tooth 131 are identical, repeat no more.

The stator tooth of at least three stator modules staggers successively predetermined angle along the circumferential direction of stator 11, so that rotor 12 Can the magnetic field caused by driving current on the winding for being successively applied at least three stator modules under the action of continuous rotation, Successively apply driving current on the winding of at least three stator modules, under the action of the magnetic field caused by winding of rotor 12 Continuous rotation.Specifically, the second stator tooth 132 and the first stator tooth 131 stagger successively predetermined angle along the circumferential direction of stator, and Three stator tooths 133 and the second stator tooth 132 stagger successively predetermined angle along the circumferential direction of stator；When A phase stator module 111, B phase Stator module 112 and C phase stator module 113 successively apply driving current, produce in the magnetic field that A phase winding 137 generates, B phase winding Under the action of the magnetic field that raw magnetic field and C phase winding generate, 12 continuous rotation of rotor.

The A phase stator module 111 of the present embodiment includes the A phase winding 137 being wound around on the first stator tooth 131, B phase stator Component 112 includes the B phase winding being wound around on the second stator tooth 132, and C phase stator module 113 includes being wound around third stator tooth C phase winding on 133, therefore each stator module is respectively provided with same phase winding, relative to determining for traditional switched reluctance machines Son setting polyphase windings can reduce A phase winding, B phase since the number of turns of the turn ratio polyphase windings of same phase winding is few The number of turns of winding and C phase winding, and then the copper loss of switched reluctance machines 10 is reduced, reduce cost.

Wherein, the quantity of the stator tooth of at least three stator modules and of same size, specifically, multiple first stator tooths 131 quantity, the quantity of multiple second stator tooths 132 are identical with the quantity of multiple third stator tooths 133, and the first stator tooth 131 width, the width of the second stator tooth 132 and third stator tooth 133 it is of same size.Therefore, A phase stator module 111, B The processing technology of phase stator module 112 and C phase stator module 113 is identical.

Predetermined angle can be T1/N, and wherein T1 is the electrical angle period of stator tooth, and N is the number of at least three stator modules Amount.The electrical angle period of the stator tooth is 2 π/M, and wherein M is the quantity of stator tooth, the i.e. stator of at least three stator module Tooth is mechanical angle along the angle that the circumferential direction of stator 11 staggers successively.

As shown in figure 5, the predetermined angle that the second stator tooth 132 and the first stator tooth 131 are staggered is T1/N, wherein first is fixed The angle cycle T 1 of sub- tooth 131 is 2 π/M, N 3, therefore the angle that the second stator tooth 132 and the first stator tooth 131 are staggered is 2 π/3M.For example, the quantity M of the first stator tooth 131 is 6, then the preset angle that the second stator tooth 132 and the first stator tooth 131 are staggered Degree is 2 π/3M=20 °.Due to being an angle period, the second stator tooth between two adjacent the first stator tooths 131 132 and first stator tooth 131 be staggered 1/3 tooth pitch, be equivalent to the electrical angle that the second stator tooth 132 and the first stator tooth 131 are staggered It is 120 °, which can be the distance of two neighboring first stator tooth 131.

In addition, the predetermined angle that third stator tooth 133 and the second stator tooth 132 are staggered is 2 π/3M, i.e. third stator tooth 133 and second stator tooth 132 be staggered 1/3 tooth pitch.The predetermined angle that first stator tooth 131 and third stator tooth 133 are staggered be 2 π/ 3M, i.e. the first stator tooth 131 and third stator tooth 133 are staggered 1/3 tooth pitch.

As shown in Fig. 2, rotor 12 includes the circumferential periodically setting along rotor 12 and is spaced each other by rotor slot 122 more A rotor tooth 121, i.e., multiple rotor tooths 121 are periodically arranged along the circumferential of rotor 12, and each other with multiple rotor slots 122 Interval.The quantity of rotor tooth 121 and the quantity of stator tooth are identical, and the width of rotor tooth 121 is less than the width of stator slot.

The rotor 12 of this implementation, which can be used, to be wholely set, and the length of rotor 12 axially is more than or equal to 11 edge of stator Axial length, which can be length, the B phase stator pack of A phase stator module 111 axially The sum of the length of length and C phase stator module 113 axially of part 112 axially, so that rotor 12 can cover A phase Stator module 111, B phase stator module 112 and C phase stator module 113.

In other embodiments, rotor 12 can use subsection setup, such as rotor and A phase stator module, B phase stator pack It is three sections that part and C phase stator module, which are correspondingly arranged, and the rotor tooth of three-stage rotor is axially aligned.

Wherein, the quantity of rotor tooth 121 respectively with the quantity of the first stator tooth 131, the quantity of the second stator tooth 132 and The quantity of three stator tooths 133 is all the same, when the center of rotor tooth 121 is overlapped with the center of the first stator tooth 131, such as Fig. 6 institute Show.

Fig. 6 is the measurement switch magnetic in 16 the first stator tooth 131 and 16 rotor tooths 121 alignment of switched reluctance machines The magnetic line of force of motor is hindered, the magnetic field of the switched reluctance machines is indicated by magnetic line of force T.Since 11 subsection setup A phase of stator is fixed Sub-component 111, B phase stator module 112 and C phase stator module 113, therefore magnetic line of force T, B phase winding that A phase winding 137 generates The magnetic line of force that the magnetic line of force and C phase winding of generation generate is not interfere with each other, i.e. the mutual inductance of A phase winding 137, B phase winding and C phase winding It is zero.In addition, the magnetic line of force T that A phase winding 137 generates will not tangle intersection, therefore the magnetic that every magnetic pole of A phase winding 137 generates Line of force T closed circuit is located in the pole span of the magnetic pole, i.e., the magnetic line of force T that every magnetic pole of A phase winding generates will not cross over adjacent magnetic The middle line of pole, there are mutual inductance, the electric current of energized phase can generate to interact traditional reluctance motor three-phase windings, armature-reaction it is non- It is linearly very serious, and generate the principle torque ripple for being difficult to overcome, and switched reluctance machines provided by the invention due to Each stator module be it is independent, the winding of each stator module is same phase winding, so mutual inductance is not present, therefore from original Torque ripple caused by overcoming in reason because of mutual inductance.Referring to FIG. 6, the stator pack relative to traditional three-phase switch reluctance machine Three-phase windings are arranged in part, and the magnetic line of force that every magnetic pole generates must cross over 3 pole spans, i.e., conventional three-phase switched reluctance machines is any The length for the flux loop that magnetic pole generates all is 3 times of the length for the flux loop that every magnetic pole of the present embodiment generates, magnetic Hinder it is larger, winding generate maximum induction it is smaller, but the present embodiment every magnetic pole generate magnetic line of force T be constrained on the magnetic pole Within pole span, magnetic resistance is small, and then the inductance that A phase winding 137 generates is big.B phase winding and C phase winding are applying driving current when institute The circuit generated magnetic line of force T when applying driving current is identical with A phase winding for the flux loop of generation, repeats no more.

Wherein, the calculation formula of the winding coefficient of switched reluctance machines are as follows:

Wherein, the number of stator teeth Zd and number of rotor teeth Zz that traditional three-phase switch reluctance machine can use meet: Zz/Zd It can be 4/6 or 8/6；And integral multiple 8/12,6/12,12/18,24/18,16/24 and 32/24 etc., according to above-mentioned formula It is 0.866 that winding coefficient, which can be obtained,.Namely three-phase circumferentially 120 ° of distributions due to traditional three-phase switch reluctance machine, cause Winding coefficient is 0.866.And the number of stator teeth Zd and number of rotor teeth Zz of the switched reluctance machines 10 of the present embodiment are equal, according to upper Stating formula and can obtaining winding coefficient is 1.

Therefore, the switched reluctance machines 10 of the present embodiment belong to pole span be 180 ° of electrical angles it is whole away from integer slot motor, The winding system of the switched reluctance machines 10 is 1, and the winding coefficient relative to traditional three-phase switch reluctance machine is 0.866, The utilization rate of the winding of the present embodiment improves 1.155 times, realizes that winding utilization maximizes, and then improve switched reluctance machines 10 efficiency and the torque of output.

The present invention provides the switched reluctance machines of second embodiment, for the tooth socket parameter of switched reluctance machines to be arranged, It is described on the basis of the switched reluctance machines of first embodiment.As shown in fig. 7, the width and stator of the present embodiment stator slot The width ratio of tooth is 1:0.95-0.85, and the width of stator tooth and the width ratio of rotor tooth are 1:1.05-0.95.

It is illustrated by taking the first stator tooth 131 and rotor tooth 121 as an example, as shown in fig. 7, the width of the first stator slot 134 Width ratio with the first stator tooth 131 can be 1:0.95-0.85, i.e., the width of the first stator tooth 131 is less than the first stator slot 134 Width, and then guarantee that the first stator slot 134 possesses enough spaces setting A phase winding 137.Such as: the first stator slot 134 The width ratio of width and the first stator tooth 131 can be 1:0.85；The width of the width of first stator slot 134 and the first stator tooth 131 Spending ratio can be 1:0.9；The width ratio of the width of first stator slot 134 and the first stator tooth 131 can be 1:0.95.Correspondingly, The ratio of the width of two stator slots 135 and the second stator tooth 132 can be 1:0.95-0.85, the width and third of third stator slot 136 The ratio of stator tooth 133 can be 1:0.95-0.85.

The width of first stator tooth 131 and the width ratio of rotor tooth 121 are 1:1.05-0.95.Wherein, the first stator tooth 131 width and the width ratio of rotor tooth 121 can be 1:1, i.e. the width phase of the width of rotor tooth 121 and the first stator tooth 131 Together, the width of stator tooth and rotor tooth 121 is of same size.The width of first stator tooth 131 and the width ratio of rotor tooth 121 can For 1:0.95, i.e. width of the width of rotor tooth 121 less than the first stator tooth 131；The width and rotor tooth of first stator tooth 131 121 width ratio can be 1:1.05, i.e. the width of rotor tooth 121 width that is greater than the first stator tooth 131, and rotor tooth 121 Width less than the first stator slot 134 width.Correspondingly, the width of the second stator tooth 132 and the width ratio of rotor tooth 121 are 1:1.05-0.95, the width of third stator tooth and the width ratio of rotor tooth 121 are 1:1.05-0.95.

The present embodiment is 1:0.95-0.85, the width of stator tooth by the width of setting stator slot and the width ratio of stator tooth The width ratio of degree and rotor tooth is 1:1.05-0.95, enables to the inductance curve of switched reluctance machines with the position of rotor tooth Set in triangular waveform change, as shown in figure 9, and inductance curve change rate it is big.

Wherein, the air gap between rotor 12 and stator 11 can be 0.1mm~3mm, width and the rotor tooth 121 of stator slot The difference of width is 8-12 times of air gap, and wherein the width of stator slot is the width of rebate of stator slot, and the width of rotor tooth 121 is The width at 121 top of rotor tooth.That is the difference of the width of the width and rotor tooth 121 of the first stator slot 134 is the 8-12 of air gap Times, the difference of the width of the width and rotor tooth 121 of the second stator slot 135 is 8-12 times of air gap, the width of third stator slot 134 The difference of degree and the width of rotor tooth 121 is 8-12 times of air gap.

Further, the air gap between rotor 12 and stator 11 is 0.15mm~2mm, the width and rotor tooth of stator slot The difference of 121 width can be 10 times of air gap, i.e. the width of stator slot is 1.5mm-20mm bigger than the width of rotor tooth 121.Its In, the width of the width of the first stator slot 134, the width of the second stator slot 135 and third stator slot 134 is than rotor tooth 121 The big 1.5mm-20mm of width.

The revealed air gap of this implementation can be 1mm, and the width of stator slot is 10mm bigger than the width of rotor tooth 121 at this time.

Air gap between the rotor 12 and stator 11 of the present embodiment can be 0.1mm~3mm, the width and rotor tooth of stator slot The difference of 121 width is 8-12 times of air gap, in rotor tooth 121 and stator slot face, rotor tooth tip and stator tooth tip Gap is larger, such as when rotor tooth 121 and the first 134 face of stator slot, the tooth tip of rotor tooth 121 and the first stator tooth 131 The gap of tooth tip is larger, as shown in Figure 7.Therefore magnetic resistance is larger, so that the minimum inductance that A phase winding generates is smaller, to improve The output torques of switched reluctance machines.

Please with further reference to 16 the first stator tooth 131 and 16 rotor tooths 121 that Fig. 8, Fig. 8 are in switched reluctance machines The magnetic line of force of switched reluctance machines is measured when position is staggered, the first stator slot 134 is not yet perfectly aligned with rotor tooth 121 at this time, Since the gap between the first stator slot 134 and rotor tooth 121 is larger, for example, the first stator slot 134 width than rotor tooth 121 The big 10mm of width.Since magnetic line of force T will not tangle intersection, and in the squeezing action by the adjacent magnetic line of force, the magnetic force Line T can only form closed circuit by the gap between current first stator slot 134 and rotor tooth 121, and the gap is very big, Therefore magnetic resistance is big, and the inductance for causing A phase winding 137 to generate is small.When the first stator slot 134 is perfectly aligned with rotor tooth 121, nothing Method detects magnetic line of force T.

In normal work, the inductance curve of A phase stator module was as shown in figure 9, should for the switched reluctance machines of the present embodiment Inductance curve changes in triangular waveform.It is overlapped at the center of rotor tooth 121 with the center of the first stator slot 134, that is, corresponds to the When one electrical angle a1, the inductance that A phase winding generates is minimum；In the center of rotor tooth 121 and the center weight of the first stator tooth 131 It closes, that is, when corresponding to the second electrical angle a2, the inductance that A phase winding generates is maximum, and inductance ratio can achieve 21.25, and traditional The inductance ratio of three-phase switch reluctance machine can only achieve 2.5-4.5 or so.Due to the output torque of switched reluctance machinesInductance is than high meaningGreatly, the output torque of motor is just big, namely improve motor power it is close Degree.

The quantity of the stator tooth of the present embodiment can be odd number, i.e. the sum of the first stator tooth 131 and the first stator slot 134 is 2N, wherein N is natural number.Therefore the quantity of the first stator tooth 131 and the quantity of the first stator slot 134 can be odd number, can The natural resonance of slot ripples is avoided, such as the quantity of the first stator tooth 131 is 3, the quantity of the first stator slot 134 is 3.It compares The quantity of the stator tooth of Conventional switched reluctance motor is even number, and the switched reluctance machines of the present embodiment can turn according to different Fast and different torques select the quantity of the first stator tooth 131 and the quantity of the first stator slot 134, can adapt to different occasions, Improve the practicability of switched reluctance machines.

The present invention provides the switched reluctance machines of 3rd embodiment, on the basis of the switched reluctance machines of second embodiment On be described.As shown in Figure 10, the tooth tip of the rotor tooth 121 in the present embodiment is provided with a top rake 123, and top rake 123 can be with For arc top rake, the depth D of the top rake 123 is less than 0.8mm, and the length L of top rake 123 is less than the width of rotor tooth 121；Specifically Ground, the length L of top rake 123 are less than the 1/3 of the width of rotor tooth 121, can significantly reduce the noise of motor.In other implementations In example, the tooth tip of rotor tooth 121 may be arranged as chamfering, and wherein the radius of chamfering is less than 1mm.

First stator tooth 131 of the present embodiment, the tooth tip structure of the second stator tooth 132 and third stator tooth and above-mentioned rotor The tooth tip structure of tooth 121 is identical, repeats no more.

The present invention provides the switched reluctance machines of fourth embodiment, on the basis of the switched reluctance machines of first embodiment On be described.As shown in figure 11, switched reluctance machines further comprise switch driving circuit 21, and switch driving circuit 21 connects On the winding of DC power supply Us and at least three stator modules, i.e., switch driving circuit 21 connects DC power supply Us, A phase winding, B On phase winding and C phase winding.

Switch driving circuit 21 is for the periodical successively driving stage phase winding corresponding at least three stator modules The phase of upper application driving current, the driving period of at least three stator modules offsets one from another, i.e., in A phase stator module 111 Driving stage, switch driving circuit 21 apply driving current in A phase stator module 111；In the driving rank of B phase stator module 112 Section, switch driving circuit 21 apply driving current in B phase stator module 112；In the driving stage of C phase stator module 113, switch Driving circuit 21 applies driving current in C phase stator module 113.Correspondingly, A phase stator module 111,112 and of B phase stator module The phase of the driving period of C phase stator module 113 offsets one from another.

Wherein, switch driving circuit 21 is further in the subsequent afterflow of at least three stator modules corresponding driving period The energy stored on the winding of section at least three stator modules of release, to form freewheel current.I.e. in A phase stator module 111 The period subsequent afterflow period is driven, switch driving circuit 21 forms A phase winding for discharging the energy stored on A phase winding Freewheel current；In the driving period of the B phase stator module 112 subsequent afterflow period, switch driving circuit 21 is for discharging B phase The energy stored on winding forms the freewheel current of B phase winding；In the subsequent afterflow of the driving period of C phase stator module 113 Section, switch driving circuit 21 form the freewheel current of C phase winding for discharging the energy stored on C phase winding.

Switch driving circuit 21 includes controller 23 and corresponding at least three stator modules at least three opens respectively Module is closed, each switch module respectively includes first switch tube, two pole of second switch, the first freewheeling diode and the second afterflow Pipe, wherein the anode of the first connecting pin connection power supply of first switch tube, the second connection end connection of first switch tube are corresponding The first end of the winding of stator module, the first connecting pin of second switch connect the second of the winding of corresponding stator module End, the cathode of the second connection end connection power supply of second switch, the anode of the first freewheeling diode connect corresponding stator pack The second end of the winding of part, the anode of the cathode connection power supply of the first freewheeling diode, the anode connection of the second freewheeling diode The cathode of power supply, the cathode of the second freewheeling diode connect the first end of the winding of corresponding stator module.Wherein, first switch Pipe and second switch are connected with the windings in series of corresponding stator module.

Specifically, switch driving circuit 21 includes controller 23, first switch module corresponding with A phase stator module 111 24, and the corresponding second switch module 25 of B phase stator module 112 and third switch module corresponding with C phase stator module 113 26.First switch module 24 includes first switch tube V1, two pole second switch V2, the first sustained diode 1 and the second afterflow Pipe D2, second switch module 25 include first switch tube V3, second switch V4, the first sustained diode 3 and the second afterflow two Pole pipe D4, third switch module 26 include first switch tube V5, second switch V6, the first sustained diode 5 and the second afterflow Diode D6.

Wherein, the phase difference that the period is driven corresponding at least three stator modules is 2 π/N, and wherein N is at least three fixed The quantity of sub-component.A phase stator module 111 driving the period and B phase stator module 112 driving the period phase difference be 2 π/ The phase difference of 3, i.e. 120 ° of electrical angle, the driving period of the driving period and C phase stator module 113 of B phase stator module 112 is electricity 120 ° of angle.

As shown in figure 12, the driving period of the present embodiment A phase stator module 111 is 0 ° -120 ° of electrical angle, A phase stator pack The afterflow period of part 111 is 120 ° -180 ° of electrical angle；The driving period of B phase stator module 112 is 120 ° -240 ° of electrical angle, B The afterflow period of phase stator module 112 is 240 ° -300 ° of electrical angle；The driving period of C phase stator module 113 is electrical angle 240 ° -360 °, the afterflow period of C phase stator module 113 is 360 ° -420 ° of electrical angle.Wherein, the afterflow period of each stator module Least partially overlapped, i.e. afterflow period of A phase stator module 111 with the phase of the driving period of next driven stator module Partly overlapping with the phase of the driving period of B phase stator module 112 is 120 ° -180 °, the afterflow period of B phase stator module 112 Partly overlapping with the phase of the driving period of C phase stator module 113 is 240 ° -300 °.

In the driving period, controller 23 controls first switch tube simultaneously with pulse width modulation mode and second switch is intermittent Thus conducting adjusts the size of driving current.The pulse width modulation mode can be PWM (Pulse Width Modulation, pulse Width modulated) signal, in the driving period of A phase stator module 111, controller 23 controls first by pwm signal simultaneously and opens Pipe V1 and second switch V2 is closed to be switched on or off.Controller 23 sends pwm signal in the inductance minimum that A phase winding generates To first switch tube V1 and second switch V2；When first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 are simultaneously turned on, DC power supply Us applies driving current in A phase stator module 111；When first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 are simultaneously closed off, direct current Source Us stops at A phase stator module 111 and applies driving current, and it is excessive to can be avoided driving current.Controller 23 is produced in A phase winding Stop sending pwm signal when raw inductance maximum and close to first switch tube V1, first switch tube V1, A phase stator module 111 into Enter the afterflow period.In other embodiments, pulse width modulation mode can use sine wave signal.

In the afterflow period, it is continuously off that controller 23 controls first switch tube, and is opened with pulse width modulation mode control second Pipe intermittent conduction is closed, the size of freewheel current is thus adjusted.In the afterflow period of A phase stator module 111, controller 23 can It is stopped working with controlling DC power supply Us, A phase winding, second switch V2 and the second sustained diode 2 forming circuit, and then release Put the energy stored on A phase winding.Controller 23 by pwm signal control second switch intermittent conduction, with adjust A phase around The size of the freewheel current of group.

As shown in figure 13, switched reluctance machines further comprise the current detection circuit connecting with switch driving circuit 21 27, which is used to detect the electric current summation for the winding for flowing through at least three stator modules, i.e. current detecting electricity Road 27 is i=ia+ib+ic, ia for detecting the electric current summation for flowing through A phase winding, B phase winding and C phase winding, electric current summation For the electric current for flowing through A phase winding, ib is the electric current for flowing through B phase winding, and ic is the electric current for flowing through C phase winding.

Current detection circuit 27 includes annular core 271 and magnetic field sensor 272 with an opening, and at least three is fixed The winding of sub-component is wound around respectively on annular core 271, and magnetic field sensor 272 is set to the opening of annular core 271.Its In, annular core 271 can be C-shaped iron core, and A phase winding, B phase winding and C phase winding are wound around respectively on annular core 271, Coil L1, coil L2 and coil L3 are formed on annular core 271 respectively.The winding of each stator module is in annular core The number of turns of winding is identical on 271, i.e., the number of turns of coil L1, the number of turns of coil L2 are identical with the number of turns of coil L3.Wherein, magnetic field passes Sensor 272 can be linear Hall current sensor.The switched reluctance machines of the present embodiment only need a magnetic field sensor 272 to examine Electric current summation of the flow measurement through A phase winding, B phase winding and C phase winding, therefore number of sensors is reduced, reduce switching magnetic-resistance electricity The cost of machine.In other embodiments, current detection circuit 27 can be set to using magnetic balancing current sensor.

Switch driving circuit 21 is according to the electric current summation i detected of current detection circuit 27 respectively to the driving electricity of each winding Stream and freewheel current are controlled, so that electric current summation keeps preset range.Specifically, switch driving circuit 21 is according to electric current Summation the i driving current to A phase winding and freewheel current, the driving current of B phase winding and freewheel current, C phase winding respectively Driving current and freewheel current are controlled, so that electric current summation i keeps stablizing.

In the afterflow period of A winding, controller 23 passes through PWM according to the electric current summation i detected of current detection circuit 27 Signal controls first switch tube V3 simultaneously and second switch V4 is switched on or off, with DC power supply Us in B phase stator module 112 apply driving current, and electric current summation i keeps stablizing, as shown in figure 12.

B winding is in the working principle and C winding for driving period and afterflow period in the work for driving period and afterflow period Principle is identical in the working principle of driving period and afterflow period as A winding, repeats no more.

The switch driving circuit 21 of the present embodiment according to the electric current summation i detected of current detection circuit 27 respectively to respectively around The driving current and freewheel current of group are controlled, so that electric current summation keeps preset range, therefore the switch magnetic of this implementation Hinder the characteristic that motor has servo motor；Since the output torque of switched reluctance machines is stablized, and then reduce switched reluctance machines Torque fluctuations and noise.

The present invention provides the switched reluctance machines of the 5th embodiment, in the difference of the switched reluctance machines of fourth embodiment Place is: as shown in figure 14, controller 23 controls first switch constant conduction, and is opened with pulse width modulation mode control second Pipe intermittent conduction is closed, the size of driving current is thus adjusted.I.e. in the driving period of A phase stator module 111, controller 23 First switch V1 constant conduction is controlled, second switch V2 intermittent conduction is controlled by pwm signal.

The present invention provides the switched reluctance machines of sixth embodiment, in the basis of the switched reluctance machines of fourth embodiment On be described: as shown in figure 15, switched reluctance machines further comprise the position sensor connecting with switch driving circuit 21 28, position sensor 28 is used to measure the relative position in switched reluctance machines 10 between rotor 12 and stator 11, so that opening It closes driving circuit 21 and energized state, i.e. 21 basis of switch driving circuit is changed according to the relative position between rotor 12 and stator 11 The maximum induction and minimum inductance of each stator module change energized state, with the work of driving switch reluctance motor.Wherein, position Sensor 28 includes magnetic coder or optical encoder.

The present invention provides the control method of the electric current of the switched reluctance machines of an embodiment, and the control method of the present embodiment exists It is described on the basis of the revealed switched reluctance machines of fourth embodiment.As shown in figure 16, which includes:

S161: in the driving period, first switch tube and second switch intermittent conduction are controlled by controller 23 simultaneously； Or control first switch tube constant conduction, and second switch intermittent conduction is controlled, to adjust the driving current of winding Size；

S162: in the afterflow period, it is continuously off to control first switch tube by controller 23, and controls between second switch Having a rest property conducting, to adjust the size of the freewheel current of winding；

S163: controlling driving current and freewheel current according to electric current summation i, so that electric current summation i keeps preset range.

In step S161, the driving period corresponding at least three stator modules is further controlled by controller 23 Phase difference is 2 π/N, and wherein N is the quantity of at least three stator modules.I.e. the driving period of A phase stator module 111 is fixed with B phase Sub-component 112 drives the phase difference of period for 2 π/3, i.e. 120 ° of electrical angle, the driving period of B phase stator module 112 and C phase The phase difference of the driving period of stator module 113 is 120 ° of electrical angle.

Pass through the afterflow period and the driving period of next driven stator module of the control stator module of controller 23 Phase is least partially overlapped, wherein the phase of the afterflow period of stator module and the driving period of next driven stator module Least partially overlapped is π/N.That is the phase of the afterflow period of A phase stator module 111 and the driving period of B phase stator module 112 Partly overlapping is 120 ° -180 °, the phase of the driving period of the afterflow period and C phase stator module 113 of B phase stator module 112 Partly overlapping is 240 ° -300 °, as shown in figure 12.

Wherein, it in the driving period of A phase stator module 111, is controlled simultaneously by controller 23 with pulse width modulation mode First switch tube V1 and second switch V2 are switched on or off.The inductance generated by controller 23 in A phase winding is minimum When send pwm signal to first switch tube V1 and second switch V2；It is led simultaneously in first switch tube V1 and second switch V2 When logical, DC power supply Us applies driving current in A phase stator module 111；First switch tube V1 and second switch V2 simultaneously When closing, DC power supply Us stops at A phase stator module 111 and applies driving current, and it is excessive to can be avoided driving current.

Stop sending pwm signal in the inductance maximum that A phase winding generates by controller 23 to first switch tube V1, the One switching tube V1 is closed, and A phase stator module 111 enters the afterflow period, enters step S162.

In step S162, in the afterflow period of A phase stator module 111, DC power supply Us is controlled by controller 23 It stops working, and it is continuously off and intermittent with pulse width modulation mode control second switch V2 to control first switch tube V1 Conducting, so that A phase winding, second switch V2 and the second sustained diode 2 forming circuit, and then stored on release A phase winding Energy, to adjust the size of the freewheel current of A phase winding.

Meanwhile being switched on or off by the first switch tube V3 and second switch V4 that controller 23 controls B winding, with DC power supply Us applies driving current in B phase stator module 112, wherein controls B winding by the control mode of step S161 First switch tube V3 and second switch V4, details are not described herein.

In step S163, by switch driving circuit 21 from the acquisition electric current summation i of current detection circuit 27, and according to Electric current summation i controls driving current and freewheel current, so that electric current summation i keeps preset range.Wherein control driving current Step S161 can be used in method, and step S162 can be used in the method for controlling freewheel current.

The pulse width modulation mode of the present embodiment can be square wave pulse width modulation or Sine Wave Pulse Width Modulation.Wherein, above-mentioned The pwm signal of embodiment is square wave pulse width modulation.

In the present invention, the inductance that A phase winding generates is minimum, and concretely rotor tooth 121 and the first stator slot 134 are complete When alignment；The inductance that A phase winding generates is maximum, concretely rotor tooth 121 and when perfectly aligned the first stator tooth 131.

The present embodiment is since previous phase is in the afterflow period, and mutually in the driving period, i.e. A phase winding is entering the afterflow period for conducting When, B phase winding is entering the driving period；The sum of freewheel current and the driving current of B phase of A phase are kept constant, therefore switch magnetic The current fluctuation for hindering motor is small, i.e. the electric current summation fluctuation of switched reluctance machines is small, and then the fluctuation of torque is small.Due to previous phase Freewheel current it is larger, and the driving current that phase is connected is smaller, i.e. the freewheel current of A phase is larger, and the driving current of B phase is smaller； Therefore magnetic field strength caused by the winding of conducting phase is weak, i.e., magnetic field strength caused by B phase winding is weak, and then reduces noise.

The present invention provides the manufacturing method of the iron core of first embodiment, and as shown in figure 17, the manufacturing method is for manufacturing The stator core and/or rotor core of the switched reluctance machines of embodiment are stated, specifically includes the following steps:

S171: iron silica-alumina material is provided；

Wherein, iron silica-alumina material can be sendust magnetic powder, can be by 85% iron, 9% silicon and 6% The alloy powder of aluminium composition.

S172: the stator core and/or rotor core of switched reluctance machines are formed using iron silica-alumina material die casting.

Wherein, powdery is made in iron silica-alumina material, the iron silica-alumina material of powdery is subjected to die casting and forms switched reluctance machines Stator core and/or rotor core.I.e. by the iron silica-alumina material of powdery carry out die casting into the stator core of stator 12 and/or The rotor core of person's rotor 11.

Wherein, switched reluctance machines include stator 12 and rotor 11, and wherein stator 12 is provided at least along axial segmentation Three stator modules, each stator module respectively include the circumferential periodically setting along stator and are spaced each other by stator slot more The stator tooth of a stator tooth and the winding being set around on stator tooth, at least three stator modules is staggered successively along the circumferential direction of stator Predetermined angular, the winding in each stator module are same phase winding, rotor 12 include along rotor circumferential periodically setting and The multiple rotor tooths 121 being spaced each other by rotor slot 122.

When the iron silica-alumina material of powdery is carried out stator core 181 of the die casting into stator 12, in stator core 181 Side setting fluted 182, as shown in figure 18, and winding is wound around in groove 182.It is illustrated by taking A phase winding as an example, the The side of one stator tooth 131 is arranged fluted 181, A phase winding and is wound around in the groove 182, to reduce A phase stator module 111 Occupied space.

The present embodiment forms the stator core and/or rotor core of switched reluctance machines using the die casting of iron silica-alumina material, by It is without precious metal in iron silica-alumina material, therefore iron silica-alumina material is cheap, and then reduces cost；In addition, iron sial material The magnetism of material is good, can be improved the magnetism of stator core.

Further, the material of the iron core of the revealed switched reluctance machines of above-described embodiment is iron silica-alumina material, the iron Core is formed by iron silica-alumina material die casting.Wherein, powdery is made in iron silica-alumina material first, then by the iron silica-alumina material of powdery into Row die casting forms the iron core of switched reluctance machines.The iron core of switched reluctance machines may include the stator core and rotor of stator 12 11 rotor core.

The iron silica-alumina material of the embodiment can be sendust magnetic powder, can by 85% iron, 9% silicon and The alloy powder of 6% aluminium composition, alloy powder form iron core by die casting.

When the iron core of switched reluctance machines is the stator core of stator 12, as shown in figure 18, the side of stator core 181 It is arranged fluted 182, winding is wound around in groove 182.It is illustrated by taking A phase winding as an example, the side of the first stator tooth 131 is set It is equipped with groove 181, A phase winding is wound around in the groove 182, to reduce the occupied space of A phase stator module 111.

Due to without precious metal in iron silica-alumina material, iron silica-alumina material it is cheap, and then reduce cost；This Outside, the magnetism of iron silica-alumina material is good, can be improved the magnetism of stator core.

The present invention also provides a kind of wheel, which is driven using switched reluctance machines, and the switched reluctance machines are such as Preceding switched reluctance machines as described in the examples.

Preferably, which may include hub-type switched reluctance machines, i.e., is driven using hub-type switched reluctance machines, The hub-type switched reluctance machines are the electric machine structure of outer rotor inner stator.

Further, the present invention also provides a kind of electric vehicle, the electric vehicle can for electric car, battery-operated motor cycle or Electric bicycle etc..The electric vehicle is pure electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle, and the wheel of the electric vehicle is driven using switched reluctance machines, The switched reluctance machines are also such as preceding switched reluctance machines as described in the examples.Preferably, the driving wheel of the electric vehicle can be adopted With the car wheel structure in above-described embodiment, i.e. wheel includes hub-type switched reluctance machines, utilizes hub-type switched reluctance machines Drive vehicle wheel rotation.

It should be noted that the application scenarios of switched reluctance machines provided in an embodiment of the present invention are not limited to electric car, It is also used as the drivings motor such as ship, big machinery.

It should be noted that the above various embodiments belongs to same inventive concept, the description of each embodiment emphasizes particularly on different fields, Not detailed place is described in separate embodiment, can refer to the description in other embodiments.

It is provided for the embodiments of the invention switched reluctance machines and electric vehicle above and wheel is described in detail, this Apply that a specific example illustrates the principle and implementation of the invention in text, the explanation of above example is only intended to It facilitates the understanding of the method and its core concept of the invention；At the same time, for those skilled in the art, think of according to the present invention Think, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application range, in conclusion the content of the present specification should not be construed as pair Limitation of the invention.

Claims

1. a kind of switched reluctance machines, which is characterized in that the switched reluctance machines include stator and rotor, wherein described fixed Son is provided at least three stator modules along axial segmentation, and each stator module respectively includes the circumferential week along the stator The setting of phase property and the multiple stator tooths being spaced each other by stator slot and the winding being set around on the stator tooth, described at least three The stator tooth of a stator module staggers successively predetermined angular along the circumferential direction of the stator, in each stator module it is described around Group is same phase winding, and the rotor includes the circumferential periodically setting along the rotor and is spaced each other by rotor slot multiple Rotor tooth, the material of the iron core of the switched reluctance machines are iron silica-alumina material, and the iron silica-alumina material die casting forms the iron Core.

2. switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the iron core of the switched reluctance machines includes institute The stator core of stator is stated, the side setting of the stator core is fluted, and the winding winding is in the groove.

3. switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the iron silica-alumina material include 85% iron, 9% silicon and 6% aluminium alloy powder.

4. switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the stator tooth of at least three stator module Quantity and of same size, the predetermined angular is T1/N, wherein the T1 is the angle period of the stator tooth, the N is The quantity of at least three stator module.

5. switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity of the stator tooth is odd number.

6. switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the quantity of the rotor tooth and the stator tooth Quantity it is identical, and the width of the rotor tooth be less than the stator slot width.

7. switched reluctance machines according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the width of the stator slot and the stator tooth Than for 1:0.95-0.85, the width ratio of the stator tooth and the rotor tooth is 1:1.05-0.95.

8. switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the switched reluctance machines further comprise out Driving circuit is closed, the switch driving circuit connects on the winding of DC power supply and at least three stator module, with Periodically control the DC power supply successively the driving period corresponding at least three stator module on the winding Apply the driving current, wherein the phase of the driving period of at least three stator module offsets one from another.

9. a kind of manufacturing method of iron core, which is characterized in that the manufacturing method is used to manufacture the stator iron of switched reluctance machines Core and/or rotor core, the manufacturing method include:

Iron silica-alumina material is provided；

10. manufacturing method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the iron silica-alumina material include 85% iron, 9% Silicon and 6% aluminium alloy powder.

11. manufacturing method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the switched reluctance machines include stator and turn Son, wherein the stator is provided at least three stator modules along axial segmentation, each stator module is respectively included along institute It states the circumferential multiple stator tooths for being periodically arranged and being spaced each other by stator slot of stator and is set around on the stator tooth The stator tooth of winding, at least three stator module staggers successively predetermined angular along the circumferential direction of the stator, each described fixed The winding in sub-component is same phase winding, and the rotor includes periodically being arranged and along the circumferential of the rotor by rotor Multiple rotor tooths that slot is spaced each other.

12. manufacturing method according to claim 11, which is characterized in that using the iron silica-alumina material die casting described in The stator core of switched reluctance machines includes:

13. a kind of wheel, which is characterized in that the wheel uses In-wheel motor driving, and the hub motor is claim 1-8 Described in any item switched reluctance machines.

14. a kind of electric vehicle, which is characterized in that the electric vehicle is pure electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle includes such as The described in any item switched reluctance machines of claim 1-8.