CN1092751C - 连杆机构 - Google Patents

连杆机构 Download PDF

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CN1092751C
CN1092751C CN98800829A CN98800829A CN1092751C CN 1092751 C CN1092751 C CN 1092751C CN 98800829 A CN98800829 A CN 98800829A CN 98800829 A CN98800829 A CN 98800829A CN 1092751 C CN1092751 C CN 1092751C
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parts
pivoting action
linkage mechanism
link
ring
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CN1229454A (zh
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P·C·弗兰克林
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Cummins Turbo Technologies Ltd
Cummins Inc
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Holset Engineering Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/14Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
    • F01D17/141Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path
    • F01D17/143Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits by means of shiftable members or valves obturating part of the flow path the shiftable member being a wall, or part thereof of a radial diffuser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/40Application in turbochargers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00Manufacture
    • F05D2230/60Assembly methods
    • F05D2230/64Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins
    • F05D2230/642Assembly methods using positioning or alignment devices for aligning or centring, e.g. pins using maintaining alignment while permitting differential dilatation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/21Utilizing thermal characteristic, e.g., expansion or contraction, etc.
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32549Articulated members including limit means
    • Y10T403/32557Articulated members including limit means for pivotal motion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种例如用于将致动器杆连接于几何形状可变的蜗轮机的喷嘴环的连杆机构。其中至少两个连接件将机构的第一和第二部件连接起来,两连接件可相对于第一部件在一预定方向上移动,并在隔开的位置上连接于第二部件。两连接件的至少一个带有一元件,该元件可相对于第一部件绕一第一轴线枢轴运动,并相对于第二部件绕一第二轴线枢轴运动,两轴线彼此平行并偏离,且平行于预定方向。

Description

连杆机构
本发明涉及一种连杆机构,特别是一种适合于以一种可适应互连部件之间的膨胀差的方式连接部件的连杆机构。
在设计于很大的温度范围内运行的机构时必须考虑其部件的热膨胀和收缩。不同的部件可能具有不同的膨胀或收缩率,这或者是由于部件的热膨胀系数的不同,或者是由于机构的不同部件之间的任何温差的变化所引起。例如,在一种公知的可变几何形状的蜗轮增压器中,在一壳体内装有一可动式喷嘴环,热气体流过该喷嘴环。该喷嘴环一般要达到一个比该壳体要高的温度,且其温度变化也比该壳体的快得多。结果,该环与壳体相比迅速地膨胀和收缩。
在欧洲专利文件EP0095853中描述了一种上述类型的几何形状可变的蜗轮增压器。所描述的结构包括一环形喷嘴,其支撑在一对杆件上,杆件可相对于壳体在平行于杆件的纵向的方向上移动。该壳体是水冷型的,由于温度的变化,结果杆件之间的间隔的变化比杆件所连接的环的直径要小得多。如果杆件牢固地固定于环上,这种膨胀差就会使互连部件的机构变形,这是不能接受的。
为了解决这一问题,在上述类型的蜗轮增压器中,杆件以一种允许径向上的有限的相对运动的方式连接于该环。这种允许的运动必须足以适应预期的最大膨胀差,但又要限制在使机构仍能将环精确地定位在壳体内的程度。在某些公知的装置中,一个杆件连接于环,允许该杆件与环之间的有限的枢轴转动,而另一杆件松弛地连接于环,以允许基本上各种预期的膨胀差。
在环与杆件之间允许预期的膨胀差的互连接必须要防止喷嘴环相对于垂直于杆件的平面的过分倾斜,因为这种倾斜会影响机构的运行间隙,从而使性能下降。此外,环必须在轴向上精确地定位,以保证机构以一种可预料的方式响应于一控制输入。这意味着该机构必须具有有限的间隙游移,以保证正常的操作和控制。对于一个坚固得足以在发动机的腐蚀性排气中和高温的条件下运转几千小时而无润滑,并且在互连的部件的振动不可避免的条件下工作的连杆机构,上述要求都必须满足。但已经证明这种性能是很难实现的。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种改进了的连杆机构,其至少部分实现上述要求。
本发明提供一连杆机构,其包括至少两个可在一预定方向上相对于一第一部件移动,并在隔开的位置上连接一第二部件的连杆机构,两连接件中的至少一个包含有一个元件,该元件可相对于所述第一部件绕一第一轴线枢轴运动,并可相对于第二部件绕一第二轴线枢轴转动,两轴线彼此平行且偏离,同时平行于所述预定方向。
各连接件可以包含有一枢轴运动元件,并提供限定位置的装置,枢轴运动元件相对于部件中的一个在此位置之间运动。也可以提供这样的两个连接件,其中一个可以在连接件与两部件中的一个之间绕一单独的轴线做枢轴运动,另外,可以设置两个连接件,而另一个连接件包含有所述枢轴运动元件。
优选的是,枢轴运动元件包括一横向元件,该横向元件安装在一可轴向移动的杆的一端,该细长元件在其一端由一枢轴连接于一个部件,而其另一端带有一槽,该槽接收安装在所述一个部件上的一销钉。
现在参考附图以举例的方式描述本发明的一实施例。
图1是结合了本发明的连杆机构的一可变几何形状的蜗轮增压器的剖视图;和
图2是结合到图1所示的结构中的连接件的组成部分的一分解透视图。
参见图1,蜗轮增压器包括连通到一腔室的一空气入口1和一空气出口2,一压缩机轮3安装在腔室内,以便绕一轴线4旋转。压缩机轮3安装在一轴上,该轴伸入一蜗轮机的壳体内,并支撑一蜗轮5,使压缩机轮3和蜗轮5绕一共同轴线4旋转。蜗轮5位于将一排气入口6和一排气出口7连通起来的一腔室内。流入入口6和流出出口7的排出气体驱动蜗轮5,蜗轮5又驱动压缩机轮3。这是一种通常的结构。
排气沿径向向内流向在一喷嘴环8和一由蜗轮机壳体限定的迎流径向面之间的蜗轮5。安装在喷嘴环上的叶片9伸入限定在蜗轮机壳体内并朝向喷嘴环的一凹槽10。在图1中示出的是喷嘴环8与蜗轮机壳体的迎流面之间间隙最小的情形。一致动器11控制喷嘴环的轴向位置。一杆系将该致动器连接于一杆12,在杆上安装一C形轭铁13。该C形轭铁的端部接合相应的杆14,在图1中只能看到杆14中的一个。各杆14连接于一横向的弧形件15(后面称为脚),而该弧形件又连接于喷嘴环8。各杆14可滑动地装在壳体内的一适合的衬套内。因此可以理解,各杆14可相对于壳体轴向上移动,并可绕其轴线相对壳体转动。
参见图2,图中示出将喷嘴环8和杆14连接起来的连杆机构。各杆14上设有一缺口16,图1中的轭铁13的两端中的相应的一端接合于其内。图2仅示出喷嘴环8的一部分和致动杆14中的一个,致动杆14的轴向位置控制环的位置。环8的与图2所示相反的那部分连接于一同样的致动器连接件。
喷嘴环8支撑一限位止挡件17和一圆柱形枢轴18,该限位止挡件和枢轴从环8的一向内延伸的径向凸缘19伸出。脚15的曲率与喷嘴环8的曲率相一致,其两端设有孔20和21。孔20和21处在脚15上的位置与止挡件17和枢轴18对准。杆14固定在脚15的中央。
垫圈22和铆钉23将止挡件17和枢轴18固定在喷嘴环8上。脚15保持在环的凸缘19与垫圈22之间。枢轴18紧配合装在孔21内。与此相反,止挡件17松配合装在孔20内。因此,脚15可以在枢轴18上运动到由止挡件17和孔20的壁之间的间隙所确定的范围。
脚15的一面支靠在喷嘴环的凸缘19上,因此脚15与喷嘴环之间的接触面积较大,这使得在这两部件之间形成一个大的支撑面积,其结果是,接触面之间的磨损不会很快导致喷嘴环相对于杆14自由移动。与此相似,脚15背离喷嘴环19的一侧顶靠垫圈22运转,垫圈由铆钉23保持顶靠止挡件17和枢轴18的端部。接触面积也是较大,因此,磨损率减小到一可接受的程度。图示设计的进一步的优点是可以使支撑尺寸增大,以传递由于流过喷嘴环的面的排气气流的加速所引起的喷嘴环上的扭矩负荷。
应该理解,假设提供两个基本上一样的杆组件,它们关于喷嘴环的中心对称定位,如果环的膨胀比壳体的膨胀大,则脚15在径向上向内及相反的枢轴运动将适应这种膨胀差。还应理解,如图2所示的一单独的连杆机构可以与一第二连杆机构连用,该第二连杆机构仅仅提供喷嘴环绕由另一杆所限定的一单独支撑的枢轴运动。也可以采用三个或更多个图示类型的连杆机构。如果使用三个或更多个这种连杆机构,则这些连杆机构会防止喷嘴环轴线的任何横向移动。
虽然图示的本发明的实施例连接的是一环和轴线可移动的杆,但应理解,本发明的连杆机构可以用于例如将一个环与固定的杆件或类似物连接的情况。

Claims (5)

1.一种连杆机构,其包括至少两个连接件(14),该两连接件(14)在相对于一第一部件(8)的预定方向上延伸,并在隔开的位置上连接于一第二部件,其特征在于,所述连接件(14)中的至少一个包含有一元件(15),该元件(15)可相对于所述第一部件(8)绕一第一轴线枢轴运动,并相对于所述第二部件绕一第二轴线枢轴运动,所述两轴线彼此平行并偏离,并平行于所述预定方向。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的连杆机构,其特征在于:各连接件(14)包含有一所述枢轴运动元件(15),并提供限定位置的装置(17),所述枢轴运动元件可相对于所述部件中的一个在所述被限定的位置之间运动。
3.一种如权利要求1所述的连杆机构,其特征在于:设置两个所述连接件(14),一个连接件带有所述枢轴运动元件(15),而另一个连接件允许在所述部件之间的绕一单独轴线的相对枢轴运动。
4.一种如前述任一权利要求所述的连杆机构,其特征在于:所述枢轴运动元件(15)为一安装在一可轴向移动的杆(14)上的细长横向元件,该枢轴运动元件(15)在其一端(21)枢轴安装在一部件(18)上,而其另一端带有一槽(20),该槽(20)接收一装在所述第一部件(8)上的销钉(17)。
5.一种如权利要求4所述的连杆机构,其特征在于:所述细长横向元件(15)通过垫圈(22)保持在所述枢轴(18)和所述销钉(17)上,所述垫圈(22)压在所述枢轴(18)和销钉(17)的端部上固定。
CN98800829A 1997-04-12 1998-03-25 连杆机构 Expired - Lifetime CN1092751C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9707453.8A GB9707453D0 (en) 1997-04-12 1997-04-12 Linkage mechanism
GB9707453.8 1997-04-12

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CN1229454A CN1229454A (zh) 1999-09-22
CN1092751C true CN1092751C (zh) 2002-10-16

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US (1) US6401563B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP0917618B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1092751C (zh)
AU (1) AU6843798A (zh)
DE (1) DE69822403T2 (zh)
GB (1) GB9707453D0 (zh)
WO (1) WO1998046862A1 (zh)

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AU6843798A (en) 1998-11-11
EP0917618B1 (en) 2004-03-17
CN1229454A (zh) 1999-09-22
DE69822403D1 (de) 2004-04-22
GB9707453D0 (en) 1997-05-28
WO1998046862A1 (en) 1998-10-22
EP0917618A1 (en) 1999-05-26
DE69822403T2 (de) 2005-03-03
US6401563B1 (en) 2002-06-11

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