CN109260375A - 一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂,主要由熟地黄、当归、川芎、赤芍、黄精、淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、桑寄生、枸杞子、炙甘草、制马钱子等原料组成,采用常规的糖浆剂制备工艺制成糖浆剂。本发明药物活血化瘀、补气养血益肾,攻补兼施,使血行且肾强,疾病乃愈;经多年临床实践,具有方便、高效、安全、经济、无副作用特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂及制备方法,属于中医制药技术领域。
背景技术
脊髓损伤并截瘫是严重危害人类健康的疾病,近年来越来越多地受到人们关注,其发病率随着社会经济的进步、交通运输业以及建筑业的发展而节节攀升。高处坠落和交通事故为该病的主要病因,其他的病因还包括:重物砸伤,暴力事件,运动受伤等。由于损伤常导致损伤平面以下运动及感觉功能不完全或完全丧失,给个人、家庭、社会带来巨大经济负担。
脊髓损伤并截瘫治疗是迄今尚未能解决的医学难题之一。难点在于脊髓再生能力极其有限,而人们对脊髓再生和调控的机制还缺乏足够的认识。目前全世界范围内都没有一种真正能够有效减轻继发性损伤或者提高神经功能恢复的特效药。仅有损伤 8小时内以及接下来的 48 小时大剂量使用甲基强的松龙得到了 FDA 的认证,然而,大剂量使用甲基强的松龙会引起一系列副作用,如免疫抑制,骨坏死,消化道出血,伤口感染及延迟愈合等,而且多数患者在受伤8 小时内可能无法接受到治疗。因此,寻找一种副作用小而且真正行之有效的药物来治疗脊髓损伤并截瘫成为当前本领域的首要课题。
针对脊髓损伤康复复杂的机制,我国传统中药复方有着多成分,多效应的优势,中药来源于纯天然药物,还具有副作用小,廉价等特点,而且已经有相关文献报道中药单体或复方治疗脊髓损伤在动物实验方面已经取得一定的疗效。根据脊髓损伤的部位以及发病机制,现代中医认为脊髓损伤的病因为“督脉受损”。督脉的解剖学位置和生理功能与脊髓非常相似,其总督全身之阳经,被称为“阳脉之海”。督脉受损伤之后,手足三阳经皆受损,分别导致手足麻痹无知觉、不能活动;尿潴留或者排便功能障碍,这与脊髓损伤的临床表现也极其类似。外力损伤督脉,导致气乱血逆,瘀血阻滞,经络不通,气血无法温煦、濡养肢体。因此,活血化瘀是治疗督脉受损的基本法则。活血药物无法直接促进神经生长,但是它们通过提高脊髓的血流灌注,改善脊髓的微循环,抑制胶原蛋白的活性,给脊髓修复再生创造有利的微环境;气为血之帅,血为气之母,在活血化瘀的同时联合使用益气药可以增加活血之效果;督脉贯脊络肾,而肾主骨、藏精而生髓,督脉损伤后必然损伤肾阳。肾司二便、主生殖,脊髓损伤后亦会导致二便失禁以及性功能障碍。故治疗脊髓损伤,补肾是关键;本方以“活血化瘀,益气补肾”为治疗原则组方,适当加用脊髓兴奋药物马钱子,临床观察对脊髓损伤并截瘫非常有效。
发明内容
本发明所述的一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂,其特征在于是由以下原料按重量份数比制成的:
熟地黄10-15,当归10-15,川芎10-15,赤芍10-15,黄精10-15,淫羊藿10-15,桃仁10-15,红花10-15,鳖甲10-15,党参10-15,黄芪10-15,土鳖虫10-15,狗脊10-15,龟板10-15,杜仲10-15,川牛膝10-15,鸡血藤10-15,桑寄生10-15,枸杞子10-15,炙甘草10-15,制马钱子0.1-0.3。
本发明所述的一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂,优选配比如下:
熟地黄10,当归10,川芎10,赤芍10,黄精10,淫羊藿10,桃仁10,红花10,鳖甲10,党参10,黄芪10,土鳖虫10,狗脊10,龟板10,杜仲10,川牛膝10,鸡血藤10,桑寄生10,枸杞子10,炙甘草10,制马钱子0.3。
将上述药物制备采用常规的糖浆剂制备工艺制成糖浆剂。
本发明所述的一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按比例称取:熟地黄、当归、川芎、赤芍、黄精、淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、桑寄生、枸杞子、炙甘草、制马钱子;
2)淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、桑寄生、枸杞子、制马钱子采用乙醇提取法,乙醇浓度选择50~90%;提取时间选择10~50min;提取次数为:2~4次;溶媒用量为:4~8倍药材量,进行乙醇提取,减压回收提取液乙醇,即得醇提物;
3)当归、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、黄精、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、炙甘草与步骤2)的醇提物药渣合并,采用水提取工艺:浸泡时间选择10~50min;提取时间选择10~50min;提取次数为:2~4次;溶媒用量为:6~10倍药材量,进行水提取工艺筛选,浓缩水提取液;
4)合并步骤1)及步骤2)的提取物,继续浓缩,浓缩至1:1:1ml液体相当于1g药材,灌封,即得。
【用法用量】:早晚饭后服用,10~20ml/次,3个月为一个疗程;
【适应症】:脊髓损伤并截瘫。
本发明的药理药效:
本发明中,桃仁、红花为君药,脊髓损伤并截瘫中医看来是损伤督脉,导致气乱血逆,瘀血阻滞,经络不通,气血无法温煦、濡养肢体。因此,补气活血化瘀是治疗督脉受损的基本法则。桃仁,红花是最常用的活血化瘀药对,两药配伍共奏养血,活血,逐瘀的功效,且攻破之力增强。活血药物通过提高脊髓的血流灌注,改善脊髓的微循环,抑制胶原蛋白的活性,给脊髓修复再生创造有利的微环境。因此,桃仁活血祛瘀,红花活血散瘀止痛,共为君药。
淫羊藿、鳖甲、狗脊、龟板、杜仲、桑寄生、枸杞子为臣药,督脉贯脊络肾,而肾主骨、藏精而生髓,督脉损伤后必然损伤肾阳。肾司二便、主生殖,故治疗脊髓损伤,补肾亦是关键。淫羊藿补肾阳强筋骨,鳖甲、龟板益肾强骨,桑寄生,狗脊补肾强腰,牛膝,杜仲,均有补肝肾,强筋骨的功效,然杜仲主下部气分 ,长于补益肾气;牛膝主下部血分,偏于益血通脉,且引血下行,使药效抵达病位。二药相使配对,且兼顾气血 ,使补肝肾、强筋骨之功倍增 。枸杞子滋补肝肾,共奏补肾之效,合为臣药。
熟地黄,当归,川芎,赤芍,土鳖虫,鸡血藤,黄精,黄芪,党参为佐药,熟地黄补血滋阴、益精填髓,当归为补血圣药,补血活血,且长于活血,有化瘀而不伤好血之妙, 助桃仁,红花活血祛瘀,川芎活血行气,赤芍清热凉血、散瘀止痛,四药相合为经典的补血活血的四物汤,土鳖虫破血逐瘀,鸡血藤补血活血、舒筋活络,加强其补血活血的力量,配伍党参则补脾肺之气生津,黄精补气养阴、益肾,黄芪可资生脾胃化源又能顾护经络之气,黄芪走表,经络亦为表,走而不守,补气以行经络,这是用黄芪而不用大补元气之人参的道理,黄精、党参与黄芪相合补气而不燥,熟地黄、当归、川芎、赤芍、土鳖虫、鸡血藤、黄精、黄芪、党参彼此配合达到气血相生,气血疏通的目的,合为佐药。中医认为“血为气之母,气为血之帅”、“气能生血,气能行血,气能摄血”、“气行则血行,血行则气畅”的气血的关系的理论,因此诸药相配,此方疗效增强。
马钱子、炙甘草为使药,马钱子具有兴奋脊髓的作用,使脊髓支配肢体运动,促进截瘫患者的恢复,炙甘草甘温可调和诸药,合为使药。两药相配,既降低了毒性,又协同促进了方剂的功效。
本发明是由补阳还五汤加减化裁而来,补阳还五汤出自清代名医王清任《医林改错.瘫痪论》,截瘫症中医认为属于督脉损伤,瘀血阻络,加之患者元气大伤,久卧伤气,多见气虚血瘀症,所以用补阳还五汤治疗疗效良好。本发明认为督脉损伤,肾主骨生髓,足少阴肾经走行于脊柱正中,正是督脉所在,故本方中淫羊藿、鳖甲、狗脊、龟板、杜仲、桑寄生、枸杞子、熟地黄很好的补益通调肾脉,黄精、党参与黄芪相配,对元气的补充更加充足,同时避免产生了壮火食气的副作用,方中亦采用了四物汤,补血调血,滋养脊髓以恢复功能。土鳖虫、鸡血藤、马钱子通经活络作用强,对截瘫患者肢体的恢复更加有利。本发明经多年临床实践,疗效佳,无毒副作用。
动物试验:
动物试验主要的步骤。
1.1 实验动物 :健康成年SD大鼠,24只,清洁级,雄性,体重 200~250g;
1.2 动物模型制备 :用改良的 Allen’s 法 制备大鼠 T10脊髓急性挫伤动物模型;
1.3 动物分组及给药:动物模型制备后,取24只大鼠,共分为3组 (随机), 每组共8只,分别灌注药量设定为10ml、15ml、20ml 每次,日2次,4 周后进行CBS 评分;
3.管理:各组大鼠分笼饲养,按时更换垫料,饲养室的温度控制在 25℃左右, 相对湿度 50%左右,房间定期消毒。及时翻身,以防出现压疮:人工挤压膀胱帮助排尿,2次/日,至自主排尿,开塞露帮助排便;
4.观察指标:应用改良 CBS 评分法分别在术后相应时间点进行评分 (包括开放空间中后肢运动、伸趾、立足反应、回缩反射、端正体位反射、斜板试验与热板实验等 7 个方面), 对每组大鼠分别进行肢体运动功能评分,评估脊髓功能恢复情况;100 分表示下肢功能完全丧失,0 分表示正常;
5. 统计学分析:采用 SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析。计量数据以平均值±标准误表示,组间比较采用单因素方差分析。设 P<0.05为差异有统计学意义;
表1 不同剂量健步饮对大鼠术后CBS 评分的影响
注:C组与A、B组 相比较,P<0.05;
结论:健步饮对脊髓损伤并截瘫有效,20ml剂量为最佳给药剂量。
临床疗效证明:
选取1000例患者采用此方药口服治疗,有些患者能基本恢复自行行走,多数患者能借助辅助工具完成行走。该病的治疗标准:治愈:10%、有效:50%、显效:30%、无效:10%。
该病的诊断标准:
中医诊断依据:
1、脊髓损伤是指由于外界直接或间接因素导致脊髓损伤,在损害的相应节段出现各种运动、感觉和括约肌 功能障碍,肌张力异常及病理反射等的相应改变。截瘫是胸椎脊髓损伤的表现;
2、X线平片及侧位断层:可发现关节骨折,椎间盘水肿、突出;
3、CT检查:可确定椎体后缘有无骨折块突入椎管;
4、脊髓造影:确定脊髓受压的部位和范围;检查前方受压,应取俯卧位,检查后方受压,应取仰卧位;
5、诱发电位:潜伏期延长、波幅降低表示为轻度损伤为不全瘫;负波消失、潜伏期延长亦为不全瘫,但较前者重;各波消失,图形为一直线为完全损伤的特征。但应在伤后早期、脊髓休克期后、治疗前后多次检查,反复比较进行动态观察,才能准确地判断脊髓损伤程度;
6、必要时可进行脊髓血管造影、CT加脊髓造影、核磁共振等检查。
本发明的积极效果在于:
现代研究发现补阳还五汤对于脊髓损伤大鼠,本发明可以有效提高脊髓损伤后神经功能评分,减轻病理损伤,减少 TUNEL 阳性细胞数量,增加 Trx 和 Trx R m RNA 的表达,促进神经功能恢复;截瘫症中医认为属于督脉损伤,瘀血阻络,加之患者元气大伤,久卧伤气,多见气虚血瘀症,所以用补阳还五汤治疗疗效良好;本发明认为督脉损伤,肾主骨生髓,足少阴肾经走行于脊柱正中,正是督脉所在,故本方中淫羊藿、鳖甲、狗脊、龟板、杜仲、桑寄生、枸杞子、熟地黄很好的补益通调肾脉,黄精、党参与黄芪相配,对元气的补充更加充足,同时避免产生了壮火食气的副作用,土鳖虫、鸡血藤通经活络作用强,对截瘫患者肢体的恢复更加有利。方中亦采用了四物汤,补血调血,滋养脊髓以恢复功能。本方中亦加用脊髓兴奋药物马钱子,临床观察马钱子对脊髓损伤并截瘫非常有效。此方活血化瘀、补气养血益肾,攻补兼施,使血行且肾强,疾病乃愈;本发明药经多年临床实践,特点是:方便、高效、安全、经济、无副作用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这仅仅是举例说明,本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的,本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改,这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
1)按比例称取熟地黄10g,当归10g,川芎10g,赤芍10g,黄精10g,淫羊藿10g,桃仁10g,红花10g,鳖甲10g,党参10g,黄芪10g,土鳖虫10g,狗脊10g,龟板10g,杜仲10g,川牛膝10g,鸡血藤10g,桑寄生10g,枸杞子10g,炙甘草10g,制马钱子0.3g;
2)淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、桑寄生、枸杞子、制马钱子采用乙醇提取法,乙醇浓度选择50%;提取时间选择10~50min;提取次数为: 4次;溶媒用量为:4倍药材量,进行乙醇提取,减压回收提取液乙醇,即得醇提物;
3)当归、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、黄精、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、炙甘草与步骤2)的醇提物药渣合并,采用水提取工艺:浸泡时间选择50min;提取时间选择30min;提取次数为:3次;溶媒用量为:6倍药材量,进行水提取工艺筛选,浓缩水提取液;
4)合并步骤1)及步骤2)的提取物,继续浓缩,浓缩至1:1:1ml液体相当于1g药材,灌封,采用常规的药物糖浆制备工艺制成制剂。
实施例2
1)按比例称取熟地黄12g,当归12g,川芎12g,赤芍12g,黄精12g,淫羊藿12g,桃仁12g,红花12g,鳖甲12g,党参12g,黄芪12g,土鳖虫12g,狗脊15g,龟板15g,杜仲15g,川牛膝15g,鸡血藤15g,桑寄生15g,枸杞子15g,炙甘草15g,制马钱子0.3g;
2)淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、桑寄生、枸杞子、制马钱子采用乙醇提取法,乙醇浓度选择60%;提取时间选择20min;提取次数为:3次;溶媒用量为:4倍药材量,进行乙醇提取,减压回收提取液乙醇,即得醇提物;
3)当归、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、黄精、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、炙甘草与步骤2)的醇提物药渣合并,采用水提取工艺:浸泡时间选择40min;提取时间选择50min;提取次数为:3次;溶媒用量为: 10倍药材量,进行水提取工艺筛选,浓缩水提取液;
4)合并步骤1)及步骤2)的提取物,继续浓缩,浓缩至1:1:1ml液体相当于1g药材,灌封,即得。
实施例3
10按比例称取熟地黄15g,当归15g,川芎15g,赤芍15g,黄精15g,淫羊藿15g,桃仁15g,红花15g,鳖甲15g,党参15g,黄芪15g,土鳖虫15g,狗脊13g,龟板13g,杜仲13g,川牛膝13g,鸡血藤13g,桑寄生13g,枸杞子13g,炙甘草13g,制马钱子0.2g;
2)淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、桑寄生、枸杞子、制马钱子采用乙醇提取法,乙醇浓度选择90%;提取时间选择10min;提取次数为:2次;溶媒用量为:4倍药材量,进行乙醇提取,减压回收提取液乙醇,即得醇提物;
3)当归、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、黄精、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、炙甘草与步骤2)的醇提物药渣合并,采用水提取工艺:浸泡时间选择10min;提取时间选择50min;提取次数为: 4次;溶媒用量为:8倍药材量,进行水提取工艺筛选,浓缩水提取液;
4)合并步骤1)及步骤2)的提取物,继续浓缩,浓缩至1:1:1ml液体相当于1g药材,灌封,即得。
以下提供几个典型病例进一步描述本发明的疗效:
病例1
张某,女,56岁,治疗前诊断为脊髓损伤并截瘫,服用本发明实施例1制备的药物,每次1支(20ml/支)早晚饭后服用。1个月见效,再服1个月可借助辅助工具完成行走。
病例2
李某,男,34岁,治疗前诊断为脊髓损伤并截瘫,服用本发明实施例2制备的药物,每次1支(20ml/支),早晚饭后服用。半个月下肢肌张力明显增强,继服1个月可借助辅助工具完成行走。
病例3
郑某,女,49岁,治疗前诊断为脊髓损伤并截瘫,服用本发明实施例3制备的药物,每次1支(20ml/支),早晚饭后服用。服药3个月基本恢复自行行走。
Claims (3)
1.一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂,其特征在于是由以下原料按重量份数比制成的:
熟地黄10-15,当归10-15,川芎10-15,赤芍10-15,黄精10-15,淫羊藿10-15,桃仁10-15,红花10-15,鳖甲10-15,党参10-15,黄芪10-15,土鳖虫10-15,狗脊10-15,龟板10-15,杜仲10-15,川牛膝10-15,鸡血藤10-15,桑寄生10-15,枸杞子10-15,炙甘草10-15,制马钱子0.1-0.3。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂,优选配比如下:
熟地黄10,当归10,川芎10,赤芍10,黄精10,淫羊藿10,桃仁10,红花10,鳖甲10,党参10,黄芪10,土鳖虫10,狗脊10,龟板10,杜仲10,川牛膝10,鸡血藤10,桑寄生10,枸杞子10,炙甘草10,制马钱子0.3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗截瘫的中药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)按比例称取:熟地黄、当归、川芎、赤芍、黄精、淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、桑寄生、枸杞子、炙甘草、制马钱子;
2)淫羊藿、桃仁、红花、鳖甲、党参、黄芪、土鳖虫、狗脊、龟板、桑寄生、枸杞子、制马钱子采用乙醇提取法,乙醇浓度选择50~90%;提取时间选择10~50min;提取次数为:2~4次;溶媒用量为:4~8倍药材量,进行乙醇提取,减压回收提取液乙醇,即得醇提物;
3)当归、熟地黄、川芎、赤芍、黄精、杜仲、川牛膝、鸡血藤、炙甘草与步骤2)的醇提物药渣合并,采用水提取工艺:浸泡时间选择10~50min;提取时间选择10~50min;提取次数为:2次、3次、4次;溶媒用量为:6~10倍药材量,进行水提取工艺筛选,浓缩水提取液;
4)合并醇提物与水提物,继续浓缩,浓缩至1:1:1ml液体相当于1g药材,灌封,即得。
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