CN109236572A - Low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit and its control method - Google Patents
Low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109236572A CN109236572A CN201811348959.9A CN201811348959A CN109236572A CN 109236572 A CN109236572 A CN 109236572A CN 201811348959 A CN201811348959 A CN 201811348959A CN 109236572 A CN109236572 A CN 109236572A
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- H02J3/386—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit of the present invention and its control method, belong to wind-powered electricity generation field.The Wind turbines include permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, wind wheel, air gap sensors, upper end bearing, bottom end bearing, shell, pylon, converter system, contactor and energy storage device etc..Converter system includes generator-side converter wear, grid-side converter, suspension current transformer.When wind speed is less than rated wind speed, suspension current transformer implements the control that suspends, and rises to the rotary body of Wind turbines and is maintained at levitated equilibrium point, and generator-side converter wear implements MPPT control to permanent magnet direct-drive generator, and grid-side converter is realized grid-connected.When wind speed is greater than rated wind speed less than cut-out wind speed, suspension current transformer implements damping due to rotation control, and generator-side converter wear implements power limitation control to permanent magnet direct-drive generator.Structure of the invention is ingenious, control is easy, and wind energy utilization is high, it can be achieved that low wind speed starting and high-power output, are particularly suitable for weak wind type wind power plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind power generating set, especially a kind of low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit
And its control method, belong to wind-powered electricity generation field.
Background technique
High-power wind-driven generator is using horizontal axis wind-driven generator as main product at present.But horizontal axis wind-driven generator is deposited
It needing to yaw to wind, resistance of start square big (2.5~5m/s of threshold wind velocity), controlling complexity is difficult, installation is inconvenient, at high cost etc.
Inherent shortcoming influences its sound development, and the low wind speed starting for being especially difficult to meet weak wind type wind power plant requires.
Vertical axis aerogenerator has the advantages such as the low, simple installation of threshold wind velocity, medium and small because being not necessarily to yaw device
It is applied in power grade wind-driven generator.And magnetic suspension vertical shaft wind-driven generator is substantially reduced because of no mechanical friction
Resistance of start square, thus starting wind velocity can be further decreased, it is the emphasis direction of the following Wind Power Development.
But existing magnetic suspension vertical shaft wind-driven generator is almost all made of magnetic suspension bearing (including the passive magnetic suspension bearing of master
With hybrid magnetic suspension bearing etc.) it realizes and suspends, structure is complicated, and control difficulty is big, and area of collecting folk songs is small, limits the benefit of wind energy
With so that generated output is small, at high cost, thus the high-power low wind speed for being badly in need of the weak wind type wind power plant development need of research and development adaptation hangs down
D-axis wind power generating set.
Summary of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to: it is in view of the deficiencies in the prior art or insufficient, provide a kind of clever structure,
Control is simple, wind energy utilization is high, high-power low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit.
In order to reach the goals above, the low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit of the present invention, comprising: permanent magnet direct-drive
Type wind-driven generator, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, wind wheel, air gap sensors, upper end bearing, bottom end bearing, shell, pylon, unsteady flow
Device system, contactor and energy storage device.
The permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator includes stator and rotor；The stator sleeve is mounted in the excircle of the pylon
On, and fixed with the pylon, the stator includes stator core and stator winding, and the stator winding is three-phase windings；Institute
Stating rotor is outer rotor, is covered on the outside of the stator, and the rotor includes rotor core and permanent magnet, the permanent magnet with it is described
The surface of rotor core is fixed, and the medial surface of the rotor core and the shell is fixed.
The magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is located at the lower section of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, including disc type stator, disk
Formula rotor and threaded disk；The disc type stator is made of disc type stator core and disc type stator winding, the disc type stator around
Group is three-phase windings, and the disc type stator core is fixed with the threaded disk, and the threaded disk is fixed with the pylon, institute
It states air gap sensors and is mounted on disc type stator core surface；The disk rotor is PM rotor, with the shell
Bottom is fixed.
The wind wheel includes the first wind wheel and the second wind wheel；First wind wheel includes horizontal support and the first blade, institute
The one end and first blade for stating horizontal support are fixed, and the side of the other end and the shell is fixed；The second wind wheel packet
Longitudinal carrier and the second blade are included, one end of the longitudinal carrier is fixed with second blade, the other end and the shell
Top is fixed.
The upper end bearing is located on the inside of the center of top of the shell, is sleeved on the excircle of the pylon, and with
The top of the pylon is fixed；The bottom end bearing is located on the inside of the bottom center of the shell, is sleeved on the outer of the pylon
On circumference, fixed with the pylon.
The converter system includes generator-side converter wear, grid-side converter, suspension current transformer；The one of the generator-side converter wear
End connect with the stator of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, the other end respectively with the grid-side converter and the contactor
Connection；The other end of the grid-side converter is connect by transformer with power grid；One end of the suspension current transformer and the magnetic
The disc type stator of suspension disc type electric machine connects, and the other end is connect with the other end of the energy storage device and the contactor respectively.
The rotor of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, the disk rotor of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, the wind wheel
The rotary body of low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit of the present invention is referred to as with the shell.
Above-mentioned low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit, control method include the following steps:
Step 1, starting prepares: as wind speed VwReach incision wind speed VinWhen, start the suspension current transformer, by the energy storage
Equipment provides DC power supply to suspension current transformer, at this point, suspension current transformer is in inverter mode, the three-phase of suspension current transformer output
Electric current ia、ib、icThrough abc/dq coordinate transform, the d shaft current component i of the disc type stator is obtaineddWith q shaft current component iq, adjust
Save id, make the electromagnetic attraction f of the disc type stator generationeIncrease, until beginning to ramp up the rotary body.
Step 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: as wind speed VwIn incision wind speed VinWith rated wind speed VNBetween when, it may be assumed that
Vin<Vw≤VN, on the one hand, the control that suspends is implemented by the suspension current transformer, it is ensured that the rotary body is kept during rotation
In levitated equilibrium point, method is: by the gas length setting value δ at levitated equilibrium pointrefIt is surveyed in real time with the air gap sensors
The difference of the suspension air gap length δ obtained obtains the d shaft current component given value i of the disc type stator by pi regulatord *, by this
id *With its actual measured value idDifference obtain the d shaft voltage component given value u of the disc type stator by pi regulatord *；Simultaneously
Enable the q shaft current component given value i of the disc type statorq *=0, by this iq *With its actual measured value iqDifference pass through pi regulator
Obtain the q shaft voltage component given value u of the disc type statorq *；ud *And uq *U is obtained through dq/ α β coordinate transformα *And uβ *, it is sent into
Driving signal is generated after the modulation of SVPWM module, controls the excitation voltage u needed for the suspension current transformer generatesa、ub、ucAnd electric current
ia、ib、ic, the rotary body is made to be maintained at levitated equilibrium point；
On the other hand, the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator starts to generate electricity under the action of the wind, by the pusher side unsteady flow
The MPPT maximum power point tracking that device implements active power to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator controls, by the grid-side converter
It realizes grid-connected.
Step 3, constant power output controls: as wind speed VwIn rated wind speed VNWith cut-out wind speed VoutBetween when, it may be assumed that VN<
Vw≤Vout, according to wind speed size, the suspension current transformer, the generator-side converter wear are controlled, the permanent magnet direct-drive wind-force is made to generate electricity
The output power of machine remains rated power, method particularly includes:
If 31) wind speed VwGreater than rated wind speed VN, but it is less than wind speed setting VS, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<VS, then damping due to rotation is used
Control method, it may be assumed that control the suspension current transformer, gradually make the d shaft current component i of the disc type statordBecome smaller, makes the disk
The electromagnetic attraction f that formula stator generateseThe electromagnetic attraction f generated with the disk rotor permanent magnetpmThe sum of be less than the rotary body
Gravity mg, and then drop to the shell vertical and contacted with the pylon, will be generated between the shell and the pylon
Frictional force, then the rotary body will generate frictional resistance moment T in rotary coursef, i.e. increase damping due to rotation；Simultaneously described in control
Generator-side converter wear implements control to the revolving speed of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator by the equation of motion, so ensure it is described forever
Magnetic direct-driving type wind power generation machine exports rated power, is realized by the grid-side converter grid-connected；
If 32) wind speed VwContinue to increase, it may be assumed that VS≤Vw≤Vout, then the suspension current transformer uses zero d shaft current
(ZDC) control strategy, even id *=0, thus the electromagnetic attraction f for generating the disc type statoreIt is down to 0, the shell will be complete
It is high-fall to fall on the pylon, frictional resistance moment T at this timefReach maximum value, increases damping due to rotation；The pusher side is controlled simultaneously
Current transformer implements control by revolving speed of the equation of motion to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, and then ensures that the permanent magnetism is straight
Driving type wind power generation machine exports rated power；The magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is in generating state at this time, is become by the suspension
It flows device and conveys electric energy to power grid；It is realized simultaneously by the grid-side converter grid-connected.
Frictional resistance moment in the step 3 are as follows:
Tf=f × R=kF × R
In formula, frictional force of the f between the shell and the pylon, R is turret radius, and k is coefficient of friction, and F is institute
The resultant force that rotary body acts in the vertical direction on the pylon is stated, and has F=mg-fe-fpm, wherein mg is the rotary body
Gravity, feFor the electromagnetic attraction that the disc type stator generates, fpmThe electromagnetic attraction generated for the disk rotor.
The equation of motion in the step 3 are as follows:
In formula, TmIt is the first wind wheel torque T for the wind wheel torque that wind-force acts on the wind wheel and generatesm1And institute
State the second wind wheel torque Tm2The sum of, Te1For the electromagnetic torque of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, Te2For the magnetcisuspension floating plate
The electromagnetic torque of formula motor, TfFor frictional resistance moment, J is the rotary inertia of the rotary body, ωmFor the machinery of the rotary body
Angular speed.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) magnetic suspension disc type electric machine substitutes traditional magnetic suspension bearing, can flexibly control suspension, adjust damping due to rotation control,
And power generation is taken into account, realize energy in bidirectional flow, to realize low wind speed starting even breeze start-up, wind energy utilization is higher, especially
It is suitable for weak wind type wind power plant and distributing wind-powered electricity generation.
2) because having outer-rotor structure, it can be used and cover drive system of collecting folk songs more, to realize high-power output.
3) clever structure, control is easy, is easily installed maintenance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis aerogenerator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the suspension mechanical analysis schematic diagram of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the control block diagram example 1 of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the control block diagram example 2 of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine of the present invention.
Figure label: 1- permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator, the stator of 11- permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator, 12- permanent magnet direct-drive
The rotor of wind-driven generator, 2- magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, the disc type stator of 21- magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, 22- magnetcisuspension Tray type electricity
The disk rotor of machine, the first wind wheel of 3-, 31- horizontal support, the first blade of 32-, the second wind wheel of 4-, 41- longitudinal carrier, 42-
Two blades, 6- air gap sensors, the upper end 7- bearing, 8- bottom end bearing, 9- shell, 10- pylon, 15- generator-side converter wear, 16- net
Side current transformer, 17- suspension current transformer, 18- contactor, 19- energy storage device, 211- disc type stator core, 212- disc type stator around
Group.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, invention is further described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit of the present invention includes: permanent magnet direct-drive type wind
Power generator 1, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, wind wheel, air gap sensors 6, upper end bearing 7, bottom end bearing 8, shell 9,10 and of pylon
Converter system.
Permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1 is radial non-salient pole permanent magnet synchronous generator, including stator 11 and rotor 12；It is fixed
Son 11 is sleeved on the excircle of pylon 10, and fixed with pylon 10, and stator 11 includes stator core and stator winding, stator around
Group is three-phase windings；Rotor 12 is outer rotor, is covered in 11 outside of stator, rotor 12 includes rotor core and permanent magnet, permanent magnet
It is fixed with the surface of rotor core, the medial surface of rotor core and shell 9 is fixed.
Magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 is an axial hidden pole type disc type permanent magnet synchronous electric motor, and as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, it is located at
The lower section of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, including disc type stator 21, disk rotor 22 and threaded disk 23；Disc type stator 21
It is made of disc type stator core 211 and disc type stator winding 212, disc type stator winding 212 is three-phase windings, disc type stator core
211 is fixed with threaded disk 23, and threaded disk 23 and pylon 10 are fixed, and air gap sensors 6 are mounted on 211 table of disc type stator core
Face；Disk rotor 22 is PM rotor, and the bottom of it and shell 9 is fixed.
As shown in Figure 1, wind wheel includes the first wind wheel 3 and the second wind wheel 4；First wind wheel 3 includes horizontal support 31 and first
Blade 32, one end of horizontal support 31 and the first blade 32 are fixed, and the side of the other end and shell 9 is fixed；Second wind wheel 4 includes
Longitudinal carrier 41 and the second blade 42, one end of longitudinal carrier 41 and the second blade 42 are fixed, and the top of the other end and shell 9 is solid
It is fixed.
Upper end bearing 7 is located on the inside of the center of top of shell 9, is sleeved on the excircle of pylon 10, and with pylon 10
Top is fixed；Bottom end bearing 8 is located on the inside of the bottom center of shell 9, is sleeved on the excircle of pylon 10, solid with pylon 10
It is fixed.
As shown in Fig. 2, converter system includes generator-side converter wear 15, grid-side converter 16, suspension current transformer 17, wherein machine
Side current transformer 15 is AC/DC current transformer, and the maximal power tracing for 1 active power of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator controls；
Grid-side converter 16 is DC/AC current transformer, is realized grid-connected；Suspension current transformer 17 is AC/DC bidirectional converter, is mainly used for suspending
Control and adjusting damping due to rotation.
As shown in Fig. 2, one end of generator-side converter wear 15 is connect with the stator of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, the other end
It is connect respectively with grid-side converter 16 and contactor 18；The other end of grid-side converter 16 is connect by transformer with power grid；It is outstanding
One end of floating current transformer 17 is connect with the disc type stator 21 of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, the other end respectively with energy storage device 19 and connect
The other end of tentaculum 18 connects.Energy storage device 19 can be battery, super capacitor etc..
As shown in Figure 1, the disk rotor 22 of the rotor 12 of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2,
All rotating parts such as wind wheel (including the first wind wheel 3 and second wind wheel 4), shell 9 are referred to as rotary body.
Above-mentioned low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit, control method include the following steps:
Step 1, starting prepares: as wind speed VwReach incision wind speed VinWhen, start suspension current transformer 17, by energy storage device 19
DC power supply is provided to suspension current transformer 17, at this point, contactor 18 is in open position, suspension current transformer 17 is in inversion shape
State, the three-phase current i of outputa、ib、icThrough abc/dq coordinate transform, the d shaft current component i of disc type stator 21 is obtaineddWith q axis
Current component iq, wherein idFor suspension exciting current, for controlling the suspension of rotary body, iqFor torque current, for controlling magnetcisuspension
The electromagnetic torque T of Tray type motor 2e2.I is adjusted by suspension current transformer 17d, make the electromagnetic attraction f of the generation of disc type stator 21eIncrease
Greatly, as shown in figure 3, disk rotor 22 will be by upward electromagnetic attraction fe, it can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, μ0For space permeability, N is the number of turns of suspending windings 212, SeFor the magnetic pole surfaces of disc type stator core 211
Effective area, δ are suspension air gap length.
As shown in figure 3, due to the effect of permanent magnet, the electromagnetic attraction f of the generation of disk rotor 22pmAre as follows:
In formula, μ0For space permeability, SpmFor the magnetic pole surfaces effective area of the permanent magnet of disk rotor 22, HcForever for this
The coercivity of magnet, lmFor the thickness of the permanent magnet.
From the figure 3, it may be seen that the electromagnetic attraction f of suspension systemΣThe electromagnetic attraction f generated for disc type stator 21eWith disk rotor
The 22 electromagnetic attraction f generatedpmThe sum of, direction is contrary with the gravity mg of rotary body, as electromagnetic attraction fΣGreater than rotary body
Gravity mg when, it may be assumed that fΣ> mg, then disk rotor 22 will start to move upwards together with all other part of rotary body,
The equation of motion are as follows:
fe+fpm- mg=ma
In formula, a is the acceleration of rotary body in vertical direction.
Step 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: as shown in figure 4, working as wind speed VwIn incision wind speed VinWith rated wind speed VN
Between when, it may be assumed that Vin<Vw≤VN, on the one hand, the control that suspends is implemented by suspension current transformer 17, it is ensured that rotary body is during rotation
It is maintained at levitated equilibrium point, method is；By the gas length setting value δ at levitated equilibrium pointref(such as: δref=8mm) with
The difference for the suspension air gap length δ that air gap sensors 6 measure in real time obtains the d shaft current component of disc type stator 21 by pi regulator
idGiven value id *, by this id *With its actual measured value idDifference obtain the d shaft voltage component of disc type stator 21 by pi regulator
Given value ud *；With the q shaft current component given value i of season disc type stator 21q *=0, by this iq *With its actual measured value iqDifference
The q shaft voltage component given value u of disc type stator 21 is obtained by pi regulatorq *；ud *And uq *U is obtained through dq/ α β coordinate transformα *
And uβ *, driving signal is generated after being sent into the modulation of SVPWM module, control suspension current transformer 17 generates required excitation voltage ua、ub、
ucWith electric current ia、ib、ic, so that rotary body is maintained at levitated equilibrium point, at this point, there is no frictional force between rotary body and pylon 10, from
And realize low wind speed starting.
On the other hand, permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1 starts to generate electricity under the action of the wind, by generator-side converter wear 15 to forever
Magnetic direct-driving type wind power generation machine implements MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control of active power, is realized simultaneously by grid-side converter 16
Net.
Step 3, constant power output controls: as wind speed VwIn rated wind speed VNWith cut-out wind speed VoutBetween when, it may be assumed that VN<
Vw≤Vout, according to wind speed sizes, suspension current transformer 17, generator-side converter wear 15 are controlled, the defeated of permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator 1 is made
Power remains rated power out, method particularly includes:
If 31) wind speed VwGreater than rated wind speed VN, but it is less than wind speed setting VS, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<VS, then damping due to rotation is used
Control method, it may be assumed that control suspension current transformer 17 gradually makes the d shaft current component i of disc type stator 21dBecome smaller, makes disc type stator 21
The electromagnetic attraction f of generationeThe electromagnetic attraction f generated with 22 permanent magnet of disk rotorpmThe sum of be less than rotary body gravity mg, in turn
Make 9 vertical landing of shell to contacting with pylon 10, frictional force f will be generated between 9 shells and pylon 10, then rotary body is rotating through
Frictional resistance moment T will be generated in journeyf, that is, increase damping due to rotation, decline rotary body revolving speed；Generator-side converter wear 15 is controlled simultaneously,
Implement control by revolving speed of following equations of motion to permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, and then ensures that permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-force is sent out
Motor 1 exports rated power, while being realized by grid-side converter 16 grid-connected:
In formula, TmIt is the torque T of the first wind wheel 3 for the wind wheel torque that wind-force acts on wind wheel and generatesm1With the second wind wheel
4 torque Tm2The sum of, Te1For the electromagnetic torque of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, Te2For the electromagnetism of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2
Torque, TfFor the frictional resistance moment of rotary body, J is the rotary inertia of rotary body, ωmFor the mechanical angular speed of rotary body.Wherein,
Frictional resistance moment TfIt can be calculated as follows:
Tf=f × R=kF × R (4)
In formula, frictional force of the f between shell 9 and pylon 10, R is the radius of pylon 10, and k is coefficient of friction, and F is rotation
Body acts on the pressure on pylon 10, i.e., rotary body acts on the resultant force in the vertical direction on pylon 10, and has F=mg-fe-
fpm, wherein mg is the gravity of rotary body, feFor the electromagnetic attraction that disc type stator 21 generates, acquired by formula (1), fpmFor disk rotor
22 electromagnetic attractions generated, are acquired by formula (2).
If 32) wind speed VwContinue to increase, it may be assumed that VS≤Vw≤Vout, then as shown in figure 5, suspension current transformer 17 uses zero d axis
Electric current (ZDC) control strategy, even id *=0, thus the electromagnetic attraction f for generating disc type stator 21eIt is down to 0, shell 9 will be complete
It drops on pylon 10, at this time frictional resistance moment TfReach maximum value, increase damping due to rotation, suspension current transformer 17 is at this time
Rectification state, since magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 is hidden pole type disk type synchronous motor in this example, so the q of disc type stator 21 can be enabled
Shaft current component given value iq *Are as follows:
In formula, np2For the number of pole-pairs of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, ψr2For the rotor flux of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, Te2 *For
The electromagnetic torque given value of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, ωmFor the mechanical angular speed of rotary body, Pref2For magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2
Output power setting value, by way of example, Pref2The rated power P of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 can be equal to or less thanN2。
At the same time, the equation of motion shown in as generator-side converter wear 15 by formula (3) is to permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1
Revolving speed implements control, and then ensures that permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1 exports rated power；At this time at magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2
In generating state, it is closed contactor 18, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 by suspension current transformer 17 conveys electric energy to power grid or to energy storage
Equipment 19 charges, and consumes extra wind energy, is similar to pitch and adjusts；It is realized simultaneously by grid-side converter 16 grid-connected.
Wind speed setting VSIt determines as follows:
1) suspension controller 17 is controlled, the d shaft current component i of disc type stator 21 is maded=0, then disc type stator 21 does not generate
Electromagnetic attraction (namely suspending power), i.e. fe=0, so that shell 9 is dropped to completely on pylon 10, then rotary body acts on pylon
The resultant force in vertical direction on 10 is F=mg-fpm, the frictional resistance moment of rotary body reaches maximum of T at this timefmax, by formula (4)
T can be acquiredfmax=k (mg-fpm)×R；
2) according to formula (3), if the wind wheel torque T that wind-force generates at this timemSWith TfmaxOfficial post obtain rotary body revolving speed and can protect
It holds in rated speed, then wind speed at this time is wind speed setting VS。
In addition, when wind speed is greater than cut-out wind speed, i.e. Vw>Vout, start mechanical brake locks and determine wind energy conversion system, realizes brake,
Feed them into shutdown mode.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that the present invention, which substitutes traditional magnetic suspension bearing using disc type magnetic suspension system, realizes the control that suspends, it can
It realizes low wind speed starting even breeze start-up, while can realize according to wind speed size again and quickly dynamically regulate and control damping due to rotation
Size, it is ensured that output rated power.On the other hand, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is also used as electrical power generators, makes wind energy utilization
Rate is higher.This external cause has outer-rotor structure, can be used and covers drive system of collecting folk songs more, to realize high-power output.
Claims (4)
1. low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit characterized by comprising permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator,
Magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, wind wheel, air gap sensors, upper end bearing, bottom end bearing, shell, pylon, converter system, contactor
And energy storage device；
The permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator includes stator and rotor；The stator sleeve is mounted on the excircle of the pylon,
And fixed with the pylon, the stator includes stator core and stator winding, and the stator winding is three-phase windings；Described turn
Son is outer rotor, is covered on the outside of the stator, and the rotor includes rotor core and permanent magnet, the permanent magnet and the rotor
The surface of iron core is fixed, and the medial surface of the rotor core and the shell is fixed；
The magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is located at the lower section of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, including disc type stator, disc type turn
Son and threaded disk；The disc type stator is made of disc type stator core and disc type stator winding, and the disc type stator winding is
Three-phase windings, the disc type stator core are fixed with the threaded disk, and the threaded disk is fixed with the pylon, the gas
Gap sensor mount is on disc type stator core surface；The disk rotor is PM rotor, the bottom with the shell
It is fixed；
The wind wheel includes the first wind wheel and the second wind wheel；First wind wheel includes horizontal support and the first blade, the cross
It is fixed to one end of bracket with first blade, the side of the other end and the shell is fixed；Second wind wheel includes vertical
To bracket and the second blade, one end of the longitudinal carrier is fixed with second blade, the top of the other end and the shell
It is fixed；
The upper end bearing is located on the inside of the center of top of the shell, is sleeved on the excircle of the pylon, and with it is described
The top of pylon is fixed；The bottom end bearing is located on the inside of the bottom center of the shell, is sleeved on the excircle of the pylon
On, it is fixed with the pylon；
The converter system includes generator-side converter wear, grid-side converter, suspension current transformer；One end of the generator-side converter wear with
The stator of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator connects, and the other end connects with the grid-side converter and the contactor respectively
It connects；The other end of the grid-side converter is connect by transformer with power grid；One end of the suspension current transformer and the magnetcisuspension
The disc type stator of Tray type motor connects, and the other end is connect with the other end of the energy storage device and the contactor respectively；
The rotor of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, the disk rotor of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, the wind wheel and
The shell is referred to as rotary body.
2. a kind of control method of low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit as described in claim 1, feature
It is, using following steps:
Step 1, starting prepares: as wind speed VwReach incision wind speed VinWhen, start the suspension current transformer, by the energy storage device
DC power supply is provided to the suspension current transformer, at this point, the suspension current transformer is in inverter mode, the suspension current transformer is defeated
Three-phase current i outa、ib、icThrough abc/dq coordinate transform, the d shaft current component i of the disc type stator is obtaineddWith q shaft current
Component iq, adjust id, make the electromagnetic attraction f of the disc type stator generationeIncrease, until beginning to ramp up the rotary body；
Step 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: as wind speed VwIn incision wind speed VinWith rated wind speed VNBetween when, it may be assumed that Vin<Vw
≤VN, on the one hand, the control that suspends is implemented by the suspension current transformer, it is ensured that the rotary body is maintained at suspension during rotation
Equalization point, method are: by the gas length setting value δ at levitated equilibrium pointrefIt is measured in real time with the air gap sensors outstanding
The difference of floating gas length δ obtains the d shaft current component given value i of the disc type stator by pi regulatord *, by this id *With it
Actual measured value idDifference obtain the d shaft voltage component given value u of the disc type stator by pi regulatord *；With described in season
The q shaft current component given value i of disc type statorq *=0, by this iq *With its actual measured value iqDifference obtain institute by pi regulator
State the q shaft voltage component given value u of disc type statorq *；ud *And uq *U is obtained through dq/ α β coordinate transformα *And uβ *, it is sent into SVPWM mould
Driving signal is generated after block modulation, controls the excitation voltage u needed for the suspension current transformer generatesa、ub、ucWith electric current ia、ib、
ic, the rotary body is made to be maintained at levitated equilibrium point；
On the other hand, the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator starts to generate electricity under the action of the wind, by the generator-side converter wear pair
The permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator implements the MPPT maximum power point tracking control of active power, is realized by the grid-side converter
It is grid-connected；
Step 3, constant power output controls: as wind speed VwIn rated wind speed VNWith cut-out wind speed VoutBetween when, it may be assumed that VN<Vw≤
Vout, according to wind speed sizes, the suspension current transformer, the generator-side converter wear are controlled, keeps the permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator defeated
Power remains rated power out, method particularly includes:
If 31) wind speed VwGreater than rated wind speed VN, but it is less than wind speed setting VS, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<VS, then controlled using damping due to rotation
Method, it may be assumed that control the suspension current transformer, gradually make the d shaft current component i of the disc type statordBecome smaller, keeps the disc type fixed
The electromagnetic attraction f that son generateseThe electromagnetic attraction f generated with the disk rotor permanent magnetpmThe sum of be less than the rotary body weight
Power mg, and then drop to the shell vertical and contacted with the pylon, friction will be generated between the shell and the pylon
Power, then the rotary body will generate frictional resistance moment T in rotary coursef, i.e. increase damping due to rotation；The pusher side is controlled simultaneously
Current transformer implements control by revolving speed of the equation of motion to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, and then ensures that the permanent magnetism is straight
Driving type wind power generation machine exports rated power, is realized by the grid-side converter grid-connected；
If 32) wind speed VwContinue to increase, it may be assumed that VS≤Vw≤Vout, then the suspension current transformer controls plan using zero d shaft current
Slightly, even id *=0, thus the electromagnetic attraction f for generating the disc type statoreIt is down to 0, the shell will drop to described completely
On pylon, frictional resistance moment T at this timefReach maximum value, increases damping due to rotation；The generator-side converter wear is controlled simultaneously, by fortune
Dynamic equation implements control to the revolving speed of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, and then ensures the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-power electricity generation
Machine exports rated power；The magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is in generating state at this time, defeated to power grid by the suspension current transformer
Power transmission energy；It is realized by the grid-side converter grid-connected.
3. the control method of low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
Frictional resistance moment in the step 3 are as follows:
Tf=f × R=kF × R
In formula, frictional force of the f between the shell and the pylon, R is turret radius, and k is coefficient of friction, and F is the rotation
Swivel acts on the resultant force in the vertical direction on the pylon, and has F=mg-fe-fpm, wherein mg is the weight of the rotary body
Power, feFor the electromagnetic attraction that the disc type stator generates, fpmThe electromagnetic attraction generated for the disk rotor.
4. the control method of low wind speed high-power magnetic-suspension vertical axis wind electric unit according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The equation of motion in the step 3 are as follows:
In formula, TmIt is the first wind wheel torque T for the wind wheel torque that wind-force acts on the wind wheel and generatesm1With described
Two wind wheel torque Tm2The sum of, Te1For the electromagnetic torque of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, Te2For the magnetcisuspension Tray type electricity
The electromagnetic torque of machine, TfFor frictional resistance moment, J is the rotary inertia of the rotary body, ωmFor the mechanical angle speed of the rotary body
Degree.
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