CN109980675B - Double-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission and control method thereof - Google Patents
Double-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/008—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output wherein the generator is controlled by the requirements of the prime mover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2103/00—Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator
- H02P2103/20—Controlling arrangements characterised by the type of generator of the synchronous type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a doubly-fed type magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission and a control method thereof, wherein a doubly-fed structure of a wind power system is formed by adopting a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a disk motor with 1/3 rated power, the disk motor is a power regulation and control unit and a suspension mechanism, the suspension and friction damping of a rotating body of a fan are flexibly regulated and controlled, a main power output non-control mechanism of the permanent magnet synchronous generator adjusts a machine side converter into a non-controllable rectifier by a full-control bridge, and the cost of the vertical axis power generation system is reduced; adopting four-point air gap tracking control and a cross coupling controller comprehensively considering synchronous performance to cooperatively finish multi-degree-of-freedom suspension of the fan, adopting rotor flux linkage orientation to decouple stator current of the disc motor, adopting double closed loop cascade control, and implementing progressive tracking of the optimized rotating speed and rated rotating speed of the fan; the friction torque is regulated and controlled by adopting four-point damping, and the rated power output of the permanent magnet generator is strictly controlled by combining the maximum torque compensation control of the disc motor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a power generation system and a control method thereof, in particular to a doubly-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission and a control method thereof, belonging to the field of wind power.
Background
With the growing severity of energy crisis and environmental pollution, wind power generation as strict pollution-free wind power generation is increasingly focused by various countries in the world, and China clearly promotes wind power generation from supplementary energy to alternative energy. However, the average wind speed of most areas in China is lower than 5-6m/s, and the research of the large-power low-wind-speed wind generator type and the control strategy thereof is increased, so that the method is an effective way for promoting the development of low-wind-speed wind power and realizing the actual practical application of wind power. The vertical axis wind driven generator does not need a yaw device necessary for the horizontal axis wind driven generator, has the advantages of low starting wind speed, simple installation and the like, and particularly, the starting resistance moment of the wind driven generator is greatly reduced due to the introduction of a magnetic suspension bearing technology, so that the wind driven generator is very suitable for a weak wind type wind power plant in a low wind area. The method comprises the steps that passive suspension is formed by using a permanent magnet array and a stator core at university of Malaysia, university of North Buddha and university of Ma Nipa mol, and the starting wind speed is reduced to 2-3m/s; the wind energy technology of the United states around the world, university of Jiangsu, university of hong Kong and the like adopt active and passive suspension bearings successively to greatly reduce the starting wind speed of the vertical axis wind driven generator, but the power level is generally below 15 kW. The new energy limited companies of the inner Mongolian Soelder wind power company and Guangzhou Yazhu, adopting a magnetic suspension bearing and a multi-layer blade wind collecting mechanism, a MW-level vertical axis wind turbine is developed, the starting wind speed is reduced to 3-3.5m/s, but the following problems exist: the mechanical coupling device is adopted to complete the coupling of the generator and the fan rotator, and the problems of lag control of wind energy capture, mechanical impact, fluctuation of output power and the like exist; the full-power machine side converter is adopted to regulate the rotation speed and the transmission power of the generator, so that the switching loss is high, the failure rate is high, and the control degree of freedom is low; the overturning moment caused by the height difference of the multi-layer fan wind collecting system is extremely easy to cause radial suspension displacement change of the fan rotating body shaft, so that the friction loss is high, the power generation cost is high, and the practicability, popularization and application of high-power vertical axis wind power generation are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The main purpose of the invention is that: aiming at the defects or shortcomings in the prior art, the double-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission is low in electricity metering cost, simple to control, high in wind energy utilization rate and high in power.
In order to achieve the above object, the double-fed magnetic levitation vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission of the present invention comprises: the wind turbine generator comprises a fan rotator, a permanent magnet generator, a magnetic suspension disc type motor, a main power converter, a capturing converter, a damping converter, a boosting converter, a transmitting station converter, an air gap sensor, an encoder and the like, and four-point suspension of the fan, maximum capture of wind energy, rated power control of the permanent magnet generator, damping regulation and control of the fan and direct current feeding into a power grid are completed cooperatively.
The fan rotator consists of fan blades, a permanent magnet generator rotor, a damping winding and a shell, and is used for capturing wind energy in a rotating way and driving a permanent magnet of the permanent magnet generator rotor to rotate for generating electricity; the permanent magnet generator is a wind power conversion main generator, the stator output of the permanent magnet generator is connected with a flexible direct current bus through a main power converter, a boost converter and a terminal station converter, and the energy is captured by a fan rotator and converted into electric energy to be fed into a direct current transmission line.
The main power converter is a three-phase non-controllable rectifier, the main power converter is connected with a stator of the permanent magnet generator, variable-frequency and variable-voltage alternating current output by the stator is rectified, the BOOST converter is a BOOST converter, the output voltage of the three-time non-controllable rectifier is improved, the terminal station converter is the BOOST converter, and the high-voltage output side is connected with a flexible direct current transmission line to maintain the output voltage of the BOOST converter constant.
The magnetic suspension disc type motor is a wind energy regulation auxiliary power generation device and comprises damping windings and torque windings, wherein the damping windings are of disc-shaped structures and are divided into four groups according to an equal division principle, each group of windings is respectively connected with a damping current transformer, the current of each damping winding is independently controlled, different electromagnetic attraction forces are generated between the damping windings and the torque windings, and the suspension air gap and friction torque between a fan rotator and a tower are regulated and controlled; the rated power of the torque winding of the disc motor is set to be one third of the rated power of the permanent magnet generator, and the torque winding generates electromagnetic torque under the action of exciting current of the damping winding through direct current output coupling of the capturing converter and the uncontrollable rectifier, and the maximum capturing and rated power control of wind energy of the permanent magnet generator are regulated and controlled; the damping current transformer is four H-bridge current transformers, and corresponds to four damping windings respectively, one end of the damping current transformer is connected with the damping windings, the other end of the damping current transformer is connected with the output end of the uncontrollable rectifier, and winding current is regulated according to measurement information of four air gap sensors to form a four-point suspension fan rotator.
The four air gap sensors are uniformly arranged on the lower side of the torque winding of the disc motor, and are used for measuring air gaps between the torque winding and the four symmetrically distributed damping windings; the encoder is arranged at the upper end of the tower, the rotating shaft is elastically connected with the rotating body of the fan, the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the rotating body are measured, and the encoder is used for controlling the capturing converter of the torque winding of the disc type motor, feeding back the rotating speed and decoupling the required rotating angle.
The control method of the doubly-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission comprises the following steps:
step 1, four-point suspension of a fan rotator: when wind speedV w Reaching the starting wind speedV in After that, firstly, the four damping converters are prepared in a suspending way, and the output currents of the four damping converters are regulatedi f (i) Whereini=1, 2,3,4, corresponding to four damping windings, gradually increasing the electromagnetic attraction between the torque winding and the damping winding of the disc motorf e (i) Up to the sum of four electromagnetic attractionsf e (1)+f e (2)+f e (3)+f e (4)=mg，mgThe gravity of the fan rotator is as follows; then the fan rotator is started in a suspending way, and a four-point suspension air gap reference is setδ ref The four damping converters are used for measuring the suspension air gap according to the corresponding air gap sensorδ(i)，Respectively solving the suspension air gap errors of all damping windingse(i)=δ ref -δ(i) Under the action of a proportional integral derivative PID regulator, an exciting current main reference is generatedi f0 * (i) Thereby according to the four suspension air gap errorse(i) Calculating the synchronization error of four suspension air gapsE(i)=2e(i)-e(i+1)-e(i-1) obtaining a compensation current reference value of four-point suspension synchronization difference under the action of a proportional differential PD controlleri f1 * (i) Further, the total reference of exciting currents of four damping windings is given asi f * (i)=i f0 * (i)+i f1 * (i) Referencing four damping winding exciting currentsi f * (i) Sending the magnetic flux to a corresponding damping converter to generate four-point suspension electromagnetic attraction force with synchronous error compensationf e (i) Stably suspend the fan rotator in the suspension air gapδ ref At the position, the fan rotator is started in a friction-free suspension mode, energy is captured, and at the moment, the capturing converter, the main power converter and the boosting converter are all positionedIn an uncontrolled state.
Step 2, wind energy maximum capture: when wind speedV w Below rated wind speedV N After four-point suspension stabilization of the fan rotator under the action of the damping converter, wind energy is captured maximally, and the optimal rotating speed is obtained according to the wind speed and the vertical axis fan power curveω opt And is set as a rotation speed referenceω ref Capturing the actual measured rotating speed of the converter according to the encoderωAnd rotation angleθ，Decoupling disc motor output current into torque current according to rotor flux orientationi q And exciting currenti d ，Then calculate the rotational speed deviatione ω= ω opt -ωGenerating a torque current reference under the influence of a PID controlleri q * Thereby regulating and controlling the electromagnetic torque of the torque winding of the disc type motorT d And output powerP d Stably controlling the rotating body of the fan at an optimized rotating speedω opt The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The permanent magnet generator rotor is under the combined action of the fan blade and the disc type motor torque winding according to the optimized rotating speedω opt And rotating, inducing three-phase current in a stator winding of the permanent magnet generator, rectifying by a non-controllable rectifier, boosting the converter and feeding the converter into a flexible direct current circuit.
And 3, controlling rated power of the permanent magnet generator: when wind speedV w Exceeding rated wind speedV N After that, the electromagnetic torque of the simultaneous disc type motorT d ≦T dmax (δ ref ) WhereinT dmax (δ ref ) Rated suspension air gap for disc motorδ ref Maximum electromagnetic torque under the action of the damping converter, the fan rotator stably floats at four points, and the converter captures the output power of the permanent magnet generator according to actual measurementP m And rated powerP N Calculating power deviatione =P P N -P m Generating a torque current reference under the influence of a PID controlleri q * Regulating and controllingElectromagnetic torque of a torque winding of a disc motorT d And output powerP d Real-time comparison ofT d AndT dmax (δ ref ) Relationship whenT d ≧T dmax (δ ref ) According to%δ ref Amplitude step-by-step increasing suspension air gap referenceδ ref ，Damping current transformer based on newly adjusted suspension air gap referenceδ ref The current and electromagnetic attraction force of four damping windings are increased, and the air gap is suspendedδThe number of the cells to be processed is increased,T dmax (δ) Gradually increase until reaching the maximum electromagnetic torque of the disc motorT dmax At this time, the corresponding maximum suspension air gap isδ max The fan rotator is completely dropped on the fan tower, and the rated power of the permanent magnet generator is strictly controlledP N And outputting.
Step 4, fan damping regulation: when wind speedV w Exceeding rated wind speedV N But less than the cut-out wind speedV out While suspending the air gapδReach toδ max At the moment, the damping of the fan is regulated and controlled, and the damping current transformer and the damping winding of the disc type motor jointly control the friction torque between the fan rotator and the towerT f The torque winding of the disc motor performs maximum torque compensation control of the disc motor under the action of the capturing converter, and controls the permanent magnet generator to strictly rated powerP N Outputting, wherein the damping converter outputs power according to the measured permanent magnet generatorP m And rated powerP N Calculating real-time power deviatione =P P N -P m Generating a total under the action of a PID controlleri f * The current reference is respectively sent to four damping converters according to the equal division principle, and the current of four damping windings is changedi f (i) And electromagnetic attraction forcef e (i) Thereby changing friction torqueT f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The capture converter is generated according to the damping windingT f Real-time calculating disc type motor compensation torqueT c =T dmax -T f According to direct torque control, a torque current reference is seti q * And (3) rapidly compensating and absorbing the power of the redundant fan, converging rated power output by the capture converter and the permanent magnet generator through the non-controllable rectifier, boosting and transforming through a BOOST, and feeding electricity into a power grid through the converter of the terminal station.
Step 5, when the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed, namelyV w >V out And (3) feathering the fan blades, cutting out protection by the system, and entering a shutdown state.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) The double-fed mechanism is formed by a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a magnetic levitation disc motor with 1/3 rated power level, wherein the main power output is the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the disc motor is used as a power regulating unit and a levitation executing mechanism to flexibly regulate and control levitation and rotation damping of a fan rotator, so that low-wind-speed starting and frictionless wind energy capturing are realized.
2) The disc motor serving as the power regulating unit has relatively small rated power, so that the wind energy capturing dynamic response speed and the wind energy utilization rate are greatly improved; the power regulation mechanism of the disk motor enables the side converter of the permanent magnet synchronous generator to be regulated into a non-controllable rectifier by the controllable full-bridge converter, and the vertical axis wind power generation cost and reliability are greatly reduced.
3) The four-point suspension mechanism of the fan rotator can flexibly control suspension, is beneficial to realizing stabilization of overturning moment caused by wind speed fluctuation, ensures stable suspension of multiple degrees of freedom of the fan rotator, realizes low wind speed starting and even breeze starting, can be used as a generator to generate electricity, improves the total power of the fan by 1/3, greatly improves the wind energy utilization rate, and is particularly suitable for a weak wind type wind power plant.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a doubly-fed magnetic levitation vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-point suspension segmentation mechanism and a suspension principle of a damping winding of the disc motor.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the doubly-fed magnetic levitation vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission.
In the figure: 1-fan axial blade, 2-permanent magnet generator stator, 3-permanent magnet generator rotor, 4-tower, 5-damping winding, 6-fan radial blade, 7-torque winding, 8-fan rotator, 9-main power converter, 10-capture converter, 11-boost converter, 12-end station converter, 14-damping converter 4, 15, -damping converter 1, 16-damping converter 3, 17-damping converter 2, 18-encoder, 19-air gap sensor, 20-damping winding 1, 21-damping winding 2, 22-damping winding 4, 23-damping winding 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the doubly-fed magnetic levitation vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission of the present invention comprises: the wind turbine generator comprises a fan rotator 8, permanent magnet generators (2 and 3), magnetic suspension disc motors (5 and 7), a main power converter 9, a capturing converter 10, damping converters (14-17), a boosting converter 11, a terminal station converter 12, an air gap sensor 19, an encoder 18 and the like, and is used for cooperatively completing four-point suspension of a fan, maximum capture of wind energy, rated power control of the permanent magnet generators, fan damping regulation and control and direct current feeding into a power grid.
The fan rotator is composed of fan blades (1, 6), a permanent magnet generator rotor (3), damping windings (20-23) and a shell, and is used for capturing wind energy in a rotating way and driving a permanent magnet of the permanent magnet generator rotor (3) to rotate for generating electricity; the permanent magnet generator is a wind power conversion main generator, the stator output of the permanent magnet generator is connected with a flexible direct current bus through a main power converter 9, a boost converter 11 and a terminal station converter 12, and the energy is captured by a fan rotator 8 and converted into electric energy to be fed into a direct current transmission line.
The main power converter 9 is a three-phase non-controllable rectifier, and is connected with the permanent magnet generator stator 2 to rectify variable-frequency and variable-voltage alternating current output by the stator, the BOOST converter 11 is a BOOST converter, three times of the output voltage of the non-controllable rectifier is improved, the terminal station converter 12 is a BOOST converter, and the high-voltage output side is connected with a flexible direct current transmission line to maintain the output voltage of the BOOST converter constant.
The magnetic suspension disc type motor is a wind energy regulation and control auxiliary power generation device and comprises damping windings (20-23) and torque windings 7, wherein the damping windings (20-23) are of disc-shaped structures and are divided into four groups according to an equal division principle, each group of windings is respectively connected with a damping current transformer (14-17), current of each damping winding is independently controlled, different electromagnetic attraction forces are generated between the damping windings and the torque windings, and a suspension air gap and friction torque between a fan rotator 8 and a tower 4 are regulated and controlled; the rated power of the torque winding 7 of the disc motor is set to be one third of the rated power of the permanent magnet generator, and the torque winding 7 generates electromagnetic torque under the action of exciting current of the damping winding through direct current output coupling of the capturing converter 10 and the uncontrollable rectifier 9, and the maximum capturing and rated power control of wind energy of the permanent magnet generator are regulated and controlled; the damping converters (14-17) are four H-bridge converters, correspond to four damping windings (20-23) respectively, are connected with the damping windings at one end and are connected with the output ends of the non-controllable rectifiers at the other end, and regulate winding current according to measurement information of four air gap sensors to form a four-point suspension fan rotator.
The four air gap sensors are uniformly arranged on the lower side of the torque winding of the disc motor, and are used for measuring air gaps between the torque winding and the four symmetrically distributed damping windings; the encoder is arranged at the upper end of the tower, the rotating shaft is elastically connected with the rotating body of the fan, the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the rotating body are measured, and the encoder is used for controlling the capturing converter of the torque winding of the disc type motor, feeding back the rotating speed and decoupling the required rotating angle.
The control method of the doubly-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission comprises the following steps:
step 1, four-point suspension of a fan rotator: when wind speedV w Reaching the starting wind speedV in After that, firstly, the four damping converters are prepared in a suspending way, and the output currents of the four damping converters are regulatedi f (i) Whereini=1, 2,3,4, corresponding to four damping windings, gradually increasing between the disc motor torque winding and the damping windingElectromagnetic attraction forcef e (i) Up to the sum of four electromagnetic attractionsf e (1)+f e (2)+f e (3)+f e (4)=mg，mgThe gravity of the fan rotator is as follows; then the fan rotator is started in a suspending way, and a four-point suspension air gap reference is setδ ref The four damping converters are used for measuring the suspension air gap according to the corresponding air gap sensorδ(i)，Respectively solving the suspension air gap errors of all damping windingse(i)=δ ref -δ(i) Under the action of a proportional integral derivative PID regulator, an exciting current main reference is generatedi f0 * (i) Thereby according to the four suspension air gap errorse(i) Calculating the synchronization error of four suspension air gapsE(i)=2e(i)-e(i+1)-e(i-1) obtaining a compensation current reference value of four-point suspension synchronization difference under the action of a proportional differential PD controlleri f1 * (i) Further, the total reference of exciting currents of four damping windings is given asi f * (i)=i f0 * (i)+i f1 * (i) Referencing four damping winding exciting currentsi f * (i) Sending the magnetic flux to a corresponding damping converter to generate four-point suspension electromagnetic attraction force with synchronous error compensationf e (i) Stably suspend the fan rotator in the suspension air gapδ ref At the position, the fan rotator is started in a friction-free suspension mode, energy is captured, and at the moment, the capturing converter, the main power converter and the boosting converter are all in an uncontrolled state.
Step 2, wind energy maximum capture: when wind speedV w Below rated wind speedV N After four-point suspension stabilization of the fan rotator under the action of the damping converter, wind energy is captured maximally, and the optimal rotating speed is obtained according to the wind speed and the vertical axis fan power curveω opt And is set as a rotation speed referenceω ref Capturing the actual measured rotating speed of the converter according to the encoderωAnd rotation angleθ，Decoupling disc motor output current into torque current according to rotor flux orientationi q And exciting currenti d ，Then calculate the rotational speed deviatione ω= ω opt -ωGenerating a torque current reference under the influence of a PID controlleri q * Thereby regulating and controlling the electromagnetic torque of the torque winding of the disc type motorT d And output powerP d Stably controlling the rotating body of the fan at an optimized rotating speedω opt The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The permanent magnet generator rotor is under the combined action of the fan blade and the disc type motor torque winding according to the optimized rotating speedω opt And rotating, inducing three-phase current in a stator winding of the permanent magnet generator, rectifying by a non-controllable rectifier, boosting the converter and feeding the converter into a flexible direct current circuit.
And 3, controlling rated power of the permanent magnet generator: when wind speedV w Exceeding rated wind speedV N After that, the electromagnetic torque of the simultaneous disc type motorT d ≦T dmax (δ ref ) WhereinT dmax (δ ref ) Rated suspension air gap for disc motorδ ref Maximum electromagnetic torque under the action of the damping converter, the fan rotator stably floats at four points, and the converter captures the output power of the permanent magnet generator according to actual measurementP m And rated powerP N Calculating power deviatione =P P N -P m Generating a torque current reference under the influence of a PID controlleri q * Electromagnetic torque of torque winding of disc type motor is regulated and controlledT d And output powerP d Real-time comparison ofT d AndT dmax (δ ref ) Relationship whenT d ≧T dmax (δ ref ) According to%δ ref Amplitude step-by-step increasing suspension air gap referenceδ ref ，Damping current transformer based on newly adjusted suspension air gap referenceδ ref The current and electromagnetic attraction force of four damping windings are increased, and the air gap is suspendedδThe number of the cells to be processed is increased,T dmax (δ) StepwiseIncrease until the maximum electromagnetic torque of the disk motor is reachedT dmax At this time, the corresponding maximum suspension air gap isδ max The fan rotator is completely dropped on the fan tower, and the rated power of the permanent magnet generator is strictly controlledP N And outputting.
Step 4, fan damping regulation: when wind speedV w Exceeding rated wind speedV N But less than the cut-out wind speedV out While suspending the air gapδReach toδ max At the moment, the damping of the fan is regulated and controlled, and the damping current transformer and the damping winding of the disc type motor jointly control the friction torque between the fan rotator and the towerT f The torque winding of the disc motor performs maximum torque compensation control of the disc motor under the action of the capturing converter, and controls the permanent magnet generator to strictly rated powerP N Outputting, wherein the damping converter outputs power according to the measured permanent magnet generatorP m And rated powerP N Calculating real-time power deviatione =P P N -P m Generating a total under the action of a PID controlleri f * The current reference is respectively sent to four damping converters according to the equal division principle, and the current of four damping windings is changedi f (i) And electromagnetic attraction forcef e (i) Thereby changing friction torqueT f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The capture converter is generated according to the damping windingT f Real-time calculating disc type motor compensation torqueT c =T dmax -T f According to direct torque control, a torque current reference is seti q * And (3) rapidly compensating and absorbing the power of the redundant fan, converging rated power output by the capture converter and the permanent magnet generator through the non-controllable rectifier, boosting and transforming through a BOOST, and feeding electricity into a power grid through the converter of the terminal station.
Step 5, when the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed, namelyV w >V out And (3) feathering the fan blades, cutting out protection by the system, and entering a shutdown state.
Claims (2)
1. The double-fed magnetic suspension vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission is characterized by comprising a fan rotator, a permanent magnet generator, a magnetic suspension disc motor, a main power converter, a capturing converter, a damping converter, a boosting converter, a terminal station converter, an air gap sensor, an encoder and the like, wherein the permanent magnet generator is used for outputting main power, the magnetic suspension disc motor is a power regulation unit and a suspension executing mechanism, a double-feed mechanism is formed together, four-point suspension of a fan, maximum capture of wind energy, rated power control of the permanent magnet generator, damping regulation and control of the fan and direct current feeding into a power grid are completed cooperatively, and low wind speed starting and friction-free wind energy capture are realized; the fan rotator consists of fan blades, a permanent magnet generator rotor, a damping winding and a shell, and is used for capturing wind energy in a rotating way and driving a permanent magnet of the permanent magnet generator rotor to rotate for generating electricity; the permanent magnet generator is a wind power conversion main generator, the stator output of the permanent magnet generator is connected with a flexible direct current bus through a main power converter, a boost converter and a terminal station converter, and the energy is captured by a fan rotator and converted into electric energy to be fed into a direct current transmission line; the main power converter is a three-phase non-controllable rectifier, the main power converter is connected with a stator of the permanent magnet generator, variable-frequency and variable-voltage alternating current output by the stator is rectified, the BOOST converter is a BOOST converter, the output voltage of the non-controllable rectifier is improved by three times, the terminal station converter is the BOOST converter, the high-voltage output side is connected with a flexible direct current transmission line, and the output voltage of the BOOST converter is kept constant; the magnetic suspension disc type motor is a wind energy regulation auxiliary power generation device and comprises damping windings and torque windings, wherein the damping windings are of disc-shaped structures and are divided into four groups according to an equal division principle, each group of windings is respectively connected with a damping current transformer, the current of each damping winding is independently controlled, different electromagnetic attraction forces are generated between the damping windings and the torque windings, and the suspension air gap and friction torque between a fan rotator and a tower are regulated and controlled; the rated power of the torque winding of the disc motor is set to be one third of the rated power of the permanent magnet generator, and the torque winding generates electromagnetic torque under the action of exciting current of the damping winding through direct current output coupling of the capturing converter and the uncontrollable rectifier, and the maximum capturing and rated power control of wind energy of the permanent magnet generator are regulated and controlled; the four air gap sensors are respectively and uniformly arranged at the lower side of the torque winding of the disc motor, and are used for measuring air gaps between the torque winding and the four symmetrically distributed damping windings; the damping current transformer is four H-bridge current transformers, and corresponds to four damping windings respectively, one end of the damping current transformer is connected with the damping windings, the other end of the damping current transformer is connected with the output end of the uncontrollable rectifier, and winding current is regulated according to measurement information of four air gap sensors to form a four-point suspension fan rotating body; the encoder is arranged at the upper end of the tower, the rotating shaft is elastically connected with the rotating body of the fan, the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the rotating body are measured, and the encoder is used for controlling the capturing converter of the torque winding of the disc type motor, feeding back the rotating speed and decoupling the required rotating angle.
2. A control method of a doubly-fed magnetic levitation vertical axis wind power generation system for flexible direct current transmission as set forth in claim 1, wherein the following steps are adopted:
step 1, four-point suspension of a fan rotator: when wind speedV w Reaching the starting wind speedV in After that, firstly, the four damping converters are prepared in a suspending way, and the output currents of the four damping converters are regulatedi f (i) Whereini=1, 2,3,4, corresponding to four damping windings, gradually increasing the electromagnetic attraction between the torque winding and the damping winding of the disc motorf e (i) Up to the sum of four electromagnetic attractionsf e (1)+ f e (2)+ f e (3)+ f e (4)=mg，mgThe gravity of the fan rotator is as follows; then the fan rotator is started in a suspending way, and a four-point suspension air gap reference is setδ ref The four damping converters are used for measuring the suspension air gap according to the corresponding air gap sensorδ(i)，Respectively solving the suspension air gap errors of all damping windingse(i)=δ ref -δ(i) Under the action of a proportional integral derivative PID regulator, an exciting current main reference is generatedi f0 * (i) Thereby according to the four suspension air gap errorse(i) Calculate the same of four suspended air gapsStep errorE(i)=2e(i)-e(i+1)-e(i-1) obtaining a compensation current reference value of four-point suspension synchronization difference under the action of a proportional differential PD controlleri f1 * (i) Further, the total reference of exciting currents of four damping windings is given asi f * (i)= i f0 * (i)+ i f1 * (i) Referencing four damping winding exciting currentsi f * (i) Sending the magnetic flux to a corresponding damping converter to generate four-point suspension electromagnetic attraction force with synchronous error compensationf e (i) Stably suspend the fan rotator in the suspension air gapδ ref At the position, the fan rotator is started in a friction-free suspension mode, energy is captured, and at the moment, the capturing converter, the main power converter and the boosting converter are all in an uncontrolled state;
step 2, wind energy maximum capture: when wind speedV w Below rated wind speedV N After four-point suspension stabilization of the fan rotator under the action of the damping converter, wind energy is captured maximally, and the optimal rotating speed is obtained according to the wind speed and the vertical axis fan power curveω opt And is set as a rotation speed referenceω ref Capturing the actual measured rotating speed of the converter according to the encoderωAnd rotation angleθ，Decoupling disc motor output current into torque current according to rotor flux orientationi q And exciting currenti d ，Then calculate the rotational speed deviatione ω= ω opt -ωGenerating a torque current reference under the influence of a PID controlleri q * Thereby regulating and controlling the electromagnetic torque of the torque winding of the disc type motorT d And output powerP d Stably controlling the rotating body of the fan at an optimized rotating speedω opt The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The permanent magnet generator rotor is under the combined action of the fan blade and the disc type motor torque winding according to the optimized rotating speedω opt Rotating, inducing three-phase current in a stator winding of a permanent magnet generator, rectifying by a non-controllable rectifier, boosting a converter and a terminal station sending converter, and feeding the three-phase current into a flexible direct current circuit;
and 3, controlling rated power of the permanent magnet generator: when wind speedV w Exceeding rated wind speedV N After that, the electromagnetic torque of the simultaneous disc type motorT d ≦T dmax (δ ref ) WhereinT dmax (δ ref ) Rated suspension air gap for disc motorδ ref Maximum electromagnetic torque under the action of the damping converter, the fan rotator stably floats at four points, and the converter captures the output power of the permanent magnet generator according to actual measurementP m And rated powerP N Calculating power deviatione =P P N -P m Generating a torque current reference under the influence of a PID controlleri q * Electromagnetic torque of torque winding of disc type motor is regulated and controlledT d And output powerP d Real-time comparison ofT d AndT dmax (δ ref ) Relationship whenT d ≧T dmax (δ ref ) According to%δ ref Amplitude step-by-step increasing suspension air gap referenceδ ref ，Damping current transformer based on newly adjusted suspension air gap referenceδ ref The current and electromagnetic attraction force of four damping windings are increased, and the air gap is suspendedδThe number of the cells to be processed is increased,T dmax (δ) Gradually increase until reaching the maximum electromagnetic torque of the disc motorT dmax At this time, the corresponding maximum suspension air gap isδ max The fan rotator is completely dropped on the fan tower, and the rated power of the permanent magnet generator is strictly controlledP N Outputting;
step 4, fan damping regulation: when wind speedV w Exceeding rated wind speedV N But less than the cut-out wind speedV out While suspending the air gapδReach toδ max At the moment, the damping of the fan is regulated and controlled, and the damping current transformer and the damping winding of the disc type motor jointly control the friction torque between the fan rotator and the towerT f The torque winding of the disc type motor captures the current variationMaximum torque compensation control of the disk motor is carried out under the action of the device, and strict rated power of the permanent magnet generator is controlledP N Outputting, wherein the damping converter outputs power according to the measured permanent magnet generatorP m And rated powerP N Calculating real-time power deviatione =P P N -P m Generating a total under the action of a PID controlleri f * The current reference is respectively sent to four damping converters according to the equal division principle, and the current of four damping windings is changedi f (i) And electromagnetic attraction forcef e (i) Thereby changing friction torqueT f The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The capture converter is generated according to the damping windingT f Real-time calculating disc type motor compensation torqueT c =T dmax -T f According to direct torque control, a torque current reference is seti q * The power of the redundant fan is rapidly compensated and consumed, rated power output by the capture converter and the permanent magnet generator through the non-controllable rectifier is converged, and fed into a power grid through the BOOST transformer of the BOOST transformer and the converter of the terminal station;
step 5, when the wind speed is greater than the cut-out wind speed, namelyV w >V out And (3) feathering the fan blades, cutting out protection by the system, and entering a shutdown state.
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