CN109306934A - Low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines and its control method - Google Patents
Low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109306934A CN109306934A CN201811349735.XA CN201811349735A CN109306934A CN 109306934 A CN109306934 A CN 109306934A CN 201811349735 A CN201811349735 A CN 201811349735A CN 109306934 A CN109306934 A CN 109306934A
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008121 plant development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D3/064—Fixing wind engaging parts to rest of rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N15/00—Holding or levitation devices using magnetic attraction or repulsion, not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
- F05B2260/76—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades the adjusting mechanism using auxiliary power sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/60—Control system actuates through
- F05B2270/602—Control system actuates through electrical actuators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines of the present invention and its control method, belong to wind-powered electricity generation field.The Wind turbines include permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, wind wheel, pitch adjusting motor, shell, pylon and converter system etc..Current transformer includes generator-side converter wear, grid-side converter, suspension current transformer, disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer, pitch current transformer.When wind speed is less than rated wind speed, suspension current transformer implements the control that suspends, and rises to the rotary body of Wind turbines and is maintained at levitated equilibrium point, and generator-side converter wear implements MPPT control to permanent magnet direct-drive generator, and grid-side converter is realized grid-connected.When wind speed is greater than rated wind speed less than cut-out wind speed, suspension current transformer implements damping due to rotation control, and pitch current transformer implements pitch control, and generator-side converter wear implements power limitation control.Structure of the invention is ingenious, control is easy, and wind energy utilization is high, it can be achieved that low wind speed starting and high-power output, are particularly suitable for weak wind type wind power plant.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wind power generating set, especially a kind of low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft wind turbine
Group and its control method belong to wind-powered electricity generation field.
Background technique
High-power wind-driven generator is using horizontal axis wind-driven generator as main product at present.But horizontal axis wind-driven generator is deposited
It needing to yaw to wind, resistance of start square big (2.5~5m/s of threshold wind velocity), controlling complexity is difficult, installation is inconvenient, at high cost etc.
Inherent shortcoming influences its sound development, and the low wind speed starting for being especially difficult to meet weak wind type wind power plant requires.
Vertical axis aerogenerator has the advantages such as the low, simple installation of threshold wind velocity, medium and small because being not necessarily to yaw device
It is applied in power grade wind-driven generator.And magnetic suspension vertical shaft wind-driven generator is substantially reduced because of no mechanical friction
Resistance of start square, thus starting wind velocity can be further decreased, it is the emphasis direction of the following Wind Power Development.
But existing magnetic suspension vertical shaft wind-driven generator is almost all made of magnetic suspension bearing (including the passive magnetic suspension bearing of master
With hybrid magnetic suspension bearing etc.) it realizes and suspends, structure is complicated, and control difficulty is big, and area of collecting folk songs is small, limits the benefit of wind energy
With so that generated output is small, at high cost, thus the high-power low wind speed for being badly in need of the weak wind type wind power plant development need of research and development adaptation hangs down
D-axis wind power generating set.
Summary of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to: it is in view of the deficiencies in the prior art or insufficient, provide a kind of clever structure,
Control is simple, wind energy utilization is high, high-power low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines.
In order to reach the goals above, the low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines of the present invention, comprising: permanent magnetism is straight
Driving type wind power generation machine, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, wind wheel, pitch adjust motor, air gap sensors, upper end bearing, bottom end bearing,
Shell, pylon and converter control system.
The permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator includes stator and rotor；The stator sleeve is mounted in the excircle of the pylon
On, and fixed with the pylon, the stator includes stator core and stator winding, and the stator winding is three-phase windings；Institute
Stating rotor is outer rotor, is covered on the outside of the stator, and the rotor includes rotor core and permanent magnet, the permanent magnet with it is described
The surface of rotor core is fixed, and the medial surface of the rotor core and the shell is fixed.
The magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is located at the lower section of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, including disc type stator, disk
Formula rotor and threaded disk；The disc type stator is made of disc type suspension iron core and suspending windings, and the suspending windings are direct current
Excitation winding, the disc type suspension iron core are fixed with the threaded disk, and the threaded disk is fixed with the pylon, the gas
Gap sensor mount is in the disc type suspension iron wicking surface；The disk rotor include disk rotor iron core and disk rotor around
Group, the disk rotor winding are three-phase windings, and the bottom of the disk rotor iron core and the shell is fixed.
The wind wheel includes horizontal support and blade, and one end of the horizontal support is fixed with the blade, and the other end is worn
It crosses the shaft that the shell adjusts motor with the pitch to fix, the pitch adjusts motor and the medial surface of the shell is solid
It is fixed.
The upper end bearing is located on the inside of the center of top of the shell, is sleeved on the excircle of the pylon, and with
The top of the pylon is fixed；The bottom end bearing is located on the inside of the bottom center of the shell, is sleeved on the outer of the pylon
On circumference, fixed with the pylon.
The converter control system includes generator-side converter wear, grid-side converter, suspension current transformer, disk type electric motor rotor side
Current transformer, pitch current transformer and battery；Determine with the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator one end of the generator-side converter wear
Sub- winding is connected, and the other end is connected with the grid-side converter and the suspension current transformer respectively；The grid-side converter it is another
One end is connected by transformer with power grid；The suspending windings of the other end of the suspension current transformer and the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine
It is connected；One end of disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer is connected with the disk rotor winding of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, separately
One end is connected with the pitch current transformer and the battery respectively；The other end and the pitch of the pitch current transformer are adjusted
Motor is connected, and controls pitch angle.
The rotor of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, the disk rotor of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, the wind wheel,
The pitch adjusts motor, the shell is referred to as low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines of the present invention
Rotary body.
Above-mentioned low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines, control method include the following steps:
Step 1, start: as wind speed VwReach incision wind speed VinWhen, start the grid-side converter, it is made to work in rectification
Mode provides DC power supply to the suspension current transformer, then adjusts the output electric current of the suspension current transformer, makes to be passed through described
Exciting current in the suspending windings of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is gradually increased, the electromagnetic attraction f that the disc type stator generateseAlso will
It increases with it, until beginning to ramp up the rotary body；Then by the gas length setting value δ at levitated equilibrium pointrefWith it is described
The difference for the suspension air gap length δ that air gap sensors measure in real time obtains the excitation of the suspending windings by control algolithm adjuster
Given value of current valueBy this suspending windings exciting current given valueTransport to the suspension current transformer, the suspension current transformer output
Exciting current ifTo the suspending windings, rises to the rotary body steadily and be maintained at levitated equilibrium point, at this point, the rotation
There is no frictional force between swivel and the pylon, to realize low wind speed starting.
Step 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: as wind speed VwIn incision wind speed VinWith rated wind speed VNBetween when, it may be assumed that
Vin<Vw≤VN, the control that suspends is implemented by the suspension current transformer, it is ensured that it is flat that the rotary body is maintained at suspension during rotation
Weigh point, and the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator and the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine start to generate electricity under the action of the wind；By
The generator-side converter wear implements MPPT maximum power point tracking control to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, by the net side unsteady flow
Device is realized grid-connected；Charge and discharge control is implemented to the battery by disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer simultaneously.
Step 3, rated power output control: as wind speed VwIn rated wind speed VNWith cut-out wind speed VoutBetween when, it may be assumed that VN
<Vw<Vout, according to wind speed sizes, the suspension current transformer, the generator-side converter wear and the pitch current transformer are controlled, institute is made
It states permanent magnet direct-drive type wind driven generator output power and remains rated power, method particularly includes:
If 31) wind speed VwGreater than rated wind speed VN, but it is less than wind speed setting VS, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<VS, then damping due to rotation is used
Control method, it may be assumed that control the suspension current transformer, the electromagnetic attraction f for generating the disc type statoreLess than the rotary body
Gravity mg, and then drop to the shell vertical and contacted with the pylon, generation is rubbed between the shell and the pylon
Power is wiped, then the rotary body will generate frictional resistance moment T in rotary coursef, i.e. increase damping due to rotation；The machine is controlled simultaneously
Side current transformer implements control by revolving speed of the equation of motion to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, and then ensures the permanent magnetism
Direct-driving type wind power generation machine exports rated power；
If 32) wind speed VwContinue to increase, but is less than cut-out wind speed Vout, it may be assumed that VS≤Vw≤Vout, then become the suspension
It flows device and stops output electric current, so that the shell be made to be dropped on the pylon completely, i.e., the gravity of the described rotary body is all made
With on the pylon, damping due to rotation is made to increase to maximum；Variable pitch control method is used simultaneously, it may be assumed that by the battery to institute
It states pitch current transformer and DC power supply is provided, start the pitch current transformer, the pitch is controlled by the pitch current transformer and is adjusted
Motor drives the blade to rotate, and to change the propeller pitch angle of the blade, and then the wind wheel torque for generating the wind wheel becomes
It is small, while the generator-side converter wear is controlled, implement control by revolving speed of the equation of motion to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator,
And then ensure the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator output rated power.
Step 4, when wind speed is greater than cut-out wind speed, i.e. Vw>Vout, the pitch current transformer is controlled, the pitch is adjusted
The rotation of blade described in motor driven, makes the blade be in complete full feathering state, feeds them into shutdown status.
Frictional resistance moment in the step 3 are as follows:
Tf=f × R=kF × R
In formula, frictional force of the f between the shell and the pylon, R is turret radius, and k is coefficient of friction, and F is institute
The resultant force that rotary body acts in the vertical direction on the pylon is stated, and has F=mg-fe, wherein mg is the rotary body
Gravity, feThe electromagnetic attraction generated for the disc type stator.
The equation of motion in the step 3 are as follows:
In formula, TmFor the wind wheel torque that wind-force acts on the wind wheel and generates, Te1For permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-force hair
The electromagnetic torque of motor, Te2For the electromagnetic torque of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, TfFor the frictional resistance moment of the rotary body, J
For the rotary inertia of the rotary body, ωmFor the mechanical angular speed of the rotary body.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1) magnetic suspension disc type electric machine substitutes traditional magnetic suspension bearing, can flexibly control suspension, make the rotary body of generator
Suspended state is at runtime, it can be achieved that low wind speed starts even breeze start-up, while can also generate electricity, and wind energy utilization is more
Height is particularly suitable for weak wind type wind power plant and distributing wind-powered electricity generation.
2) magnetic suspension disc type electric machine can be according to wind speed size, flexible modulation wind energy conversion system damping due to rotation, it is ensured that system is steady safely
Fixed operation.
3) because having outer-rotor structure, more set wind wheels can be used, to realize high-power output.
4) clever structure, control is easy, is easily installed maintenance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft wind-driven generator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is suspension system structural representation and the mechanical analysis schematic diagram of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the suspension control block diagram example of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine of the present invention.
Figure label: 1- permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator, the stator of 11- permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator, 12- permanent magnet direct-drive
The rotor of wind-driven generator, 2- magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, the stator of 21- magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, 22- magnetic suspension disc type electric machine
Rotor, 3- wind wheel, 31- horizontal support, 32- blade, 5- pitch adjust motor, 6- air gap sensors, 7- bottom end bearing, the upper end 8-
Bearing, 9- shell, 10- pylon, 15- generator-side converter wear, 16- grid-side converter, 17- suspension current transformer, 18- disk type electric motor rotor
Side current transformer, 19- pitch current transformer, 20- battery, 211- disc type suspension iron core, 212- suspending windings, 221- disk rotor iron
Core, 222- disk rotor winding, 35- control algolithm adjuster.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, invention is further described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines of the present invention include: permanent magnet direct-drive type
Wind-driven generator 1, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, wind wheel 3, pitch adjust motor 5, air gap sensors 6, upper end bearing 7, lower end axis
Hold 8, shell 9, pylon 10 and converter control system.
Permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1 includes stator 11 and rotor 12；Stator 11 is sleeved on the excircle of pylon 10,
And it is fixed with pylon 10, stator 11 includes stator core and stator winding, and stator winding is three-phase windings；Rotor 12 is outer turns
Son covers in the outside of stator 11, and rotor 12 includes rotor core and permanent magnet, and the surface of permanent magnet and rotor core is fixed, rotor
The medial surface of iron core and shell 9 is fixed.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 3, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 is located at the lower section of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, it includes disk
Formula stator 21, disk rotor 22 and threaded disk 23；Disc type stator 21 is made of disc type suspension iron core 211 and suspending windings 212,
Suspending windings 212 are DC excitation winding, and disc type iron core 211 and threaded disk 23 are fixed, and threaded disk 23 and pylon 10 are fixed,
Air gap sensors 6 are mounted on the surface of disc type iron core 211；Disk rotor 22 include disk rotor iron core 221 and disk rotor around
Group 222, disk rotor winding 222 are three-phase windings, and disk rotor iron core 221 and the bottom of shell 9 are fixed.
As shown in Figure 1, wind wheel 3 includes N group (N≤3) horizontal support 31 and blade 32, there is a horizontal support 31 in every group
With a blade 32, each horizontal support 31 is equipped with a blade 32 and a pitch adjusts motor 5, each horizontal support 31
One end and its blade 32 are fixed, and the other end passes through the shaft that shell 9 adjusts motor 5 with its pitch and fixes, which adjusts motor 5
It is fixed with the medial surface of shell 9.
Upper end bearing 8 is located on the inside of the center of top of shell 9, is sleeved on the excircle of pylon 10, and with pylon 10
Top is fixed；Bottom end bearing 7 is located on the inside of the bottom center of shell 9, is sleeved on the excircle of pylon 10, solid with pylon 10
It is fixed.
As shown in Fig. 2, converter control system includes generator-side converter wear 15, grid-side converter 16, suspension current transformer 17, disk
Formula rotor side current transformer 18, pitch current transformer 19 and battery 20, wherein generator-side converter wear 15 is AC/DC current transformer, is used
It is controlled in the maximal power tracing of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1；Grid-side converter 16 is DC/AC bidirectional converter, is used for
It realizes grid-connected；Suspension current transformer 17 is DC/DC current transformer, for control and the adjusting damping due to rotation of suspending；Disk type electric motor rotor side
Current transformer 18 is AC/DC current transformer, is used for 2 output power of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, and magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 is exported
AC energy rectified, to battery 20 implement charge and discharge control；For pitch current transformer 19, if pitch adjusts motor
5 be DC servo motor, then pitch current transformer 19 is DC/DC current transformer, if it is alternating current generator, paddle that pitch, which adjusts motor 5,
Square current transformer 19 is DC/AC current transformer.
As shown in Fig. 2, 11 phase of stator winding of the exchange side and permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1 of generator-side converter wear 15
Even, DC side is connected with one end of the DC side of grid-side converter 16 and suspension current transformer 17 respectively；Grid-side converter 16 is handed over
Stream side is connected by transformer with power grid；212 phase of suspending windings of the other end of suspension current transformer 17 and magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2
Even；The exchange side of disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer 18 is connected with the rotor windings 222 of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, DC side
It is connected respectively with one end of pitch current transformer 19 and battery 20；The other end of pitch current transformer 19 adjusts 5 phase of motor with pitch
Even, the pitch angle of blade 32 is controlled.
As shown in Figure 1, the disk rotor 22 of the rotor 12 of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2,
Wind wheel 3, pitch adjust all rotating parts such as motor 5, shell 9 and are referred to as rotary body.
Above-mentioned low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines, control method include the following steps:
Step 1, start: as wind speed VwReach incision wind speed VinWhen, start grid-side converter 16, it is made to work in rectification mould
Formula provides DC power supply to suspension current transformer 17, then adjusts the output electric current of suspension current transformer 17, make to be passed through magnetcisuspension Tray type
Exciting current in the suspending windings 212 of motor 2 is gradually increased, the electromagnetic attraction f that disc type stator 21 generateseAlso will increase therewith
Greatly, as shown in figure 3, disk rotor 22 will be by upward electromagnetic attraction fe, it can be calculated by following formula:
In formula, μ0For space permeability, N is the number of turns of suspending windings 212, SeFor the magnetic pole surfaces of disc type suspension iron core 211
Effective area, ifFor the exciting current of the output of suspension current transformer 17 to suspending windings 212, δ is suspension air gap length.
From the figure 3, it may be seen that the electromagnetic attraction f that disc type stator 21 generatese, direction is contrary with the gravity mg of rotary body,
As electromagnetic attraction feGreater than rotary body gravity mg when, it may be assumed that fe> mg, then all other part of the disk rotor 22 together with rotary body
It will start to move upwards together, the equation of motion are as follows:
fe- mg=ma (2)
In formula, a is the acceleration of rotary body in vertical direction.
Then, as shown in figure 4, by the gas length setting value δ at levitated equilibrium pointref(such as: δref=8mm) and air gap
The difference for the suspension air gap length δ that sensor 6 measures in real time by control algolithm adjuster 35 (such as PID regulator) obtain suspending around
The exciting current given value of group 212By this exciting current given valueSuspension current transformer 17 is transported to, suspension current transformer 17 exports
Exciting current ifTo suspending windings 212, rises to rotary body steadily and be maintained at levitated equilibrium point；At this point, rotary body and tower
There is no frictional force between frame 10, it can be achieved that the weak wind of wind-driven generator even breeze start-up.
Step 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: as wind speed VwIn incision wind speed VinWith rated wind speed VNBetween when, it may be assumed that
Vin<Vw≤VN, the control that suspends is implemented by suspension current transformer 17, it is ensured that and rotary body is maintained at levitated equilibrium point during rotation,
Permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1 and magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 start to generate electricity under the action of the wind；By generator-side converter wear 16
MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is implemented to permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1, is realized by grid-side converter 17 grid-connected；Together
When the alternating current that issues of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2 charge and discharge is implemented to battery 20 after the rectification of disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer 18
Electric control.
Step 3, rated power output control: as wind speed VwIn rated wind speed VNWith cut-out wind speed VoutBetween when, it may be assumed that VN
<Vw<Vout, according to wind speed sizes, suspension current transformer 17, generator-side converter wear 15 and pitch current transformer 19 are controlled, permanent magnet direct-drive is made
1 output power of wind-driven generator is constant, is rated power, method particularly includes:
If 31) wind speed VwGreater than rated wind speed VN, but it is less than wind speed setting VS, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<VS, then damping due to rotation is used
Control method, it may be assumed that control suspension current transformer 17 makes the exciting current i of suspending windings 212fThe electromagnetic force of generation, i.e. disc type stator
The 21 electromagnetic attraction f generatedeLess than the gravity mg of rotary body, and then contact 9 vertical landing of shell extremely with pylon 10, shell 9
Frictional force f will be generated between pylon 10, then rotary body will generate frictional resistance moment T in rotary coursef, that is, increase rotation resistance
Buddhist nun declines rotary body revolving speed；Generator-side converter wear 15 is controlled simultaneously, by following equations of motion to permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator 1
Revolving speed implement control, and then ensure permanent magnet direct-driving aerogenerator output rated power:
In formula, TmFor the wind wheel torque that wind-force acts on wind wheel and generates, Te1For the electricity of permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator 1
Magnetic torque, Te2For the electromagnetic torque of magnetic suspension disc type electric machine 2, TfFor the frictional resistance moment of rotary body, J is that the rotation of rotary body is used
Amount, ωmFor the mechanical angular speed of rotary body.
Wherein, frictional resistance moment TfIt can be calculated as described below:
Tf=f × R=kF × R (4)
In formula, frictional force of the f between shell 9 and pylon 10, R is the radius of pylon 10, and k is coefficient of friction, and F is rotation
Body acts on the pressure on pylon 10, i.e., rotary body acts on the resultant force in the vertical direction on pylon 10, and has F=mg-fe,
Wherein mg is the gravity of rotary body, feFor the electromagnetic attraction that disc type stator 21 generates, acquired by formula (1).
If 32) wind speed VwContinue to increase, but is less than cut-out wind speed Vout, it may be assumed that VS≤Vw≤Vout, then make suspension current transformer
17 stop output electric current, it may be assumed that the exciting current i of suspending windings 212f=0, the electromagnetic attraction f that disc type stator 21 generatese=0, from
And shell 9 will be dropped to completely on pylon 10, i.e. the gravity mg of rotary body is all acted on pylon 10, increases to damping due to rotation
It is maximum；Variable pitch control method is used simultaneously, it may be assumed that is provided DC power supply to pitch current transformer 19 by battery 20, is started pitch
Current transformer 19 controls pitch by pitch current transformer 19 and adjusts motor 5, and driving horizontal support 31 rotates, due to blade 32 and laterally
Bracket 31 is fixed, so band movable vane piece 32 rotates while horizontal support 31 rotates, to change the propeller pitch angle of blade 32, in turn
The wind wheel torque T for generating wind wheel 3mBecome smaller, while controlling generator-side converter wear 15, by the equation of motion shown in formula (3) to permanent magnetism
The revolving speed of direct-driving type wind power generation machine 1 implements control, the T in this up-to-date style (3)e2=0, and then ensure permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-power electricity generation
Machine 1 exports rated power.
Wind speed setting VSIt determines as follows:
1) suspension current transformer 17 is made to stop output electric current, it may be assumed that if=0, then by formula (1) it is found that suspending windings 212 do not generate
Electromagnetic force (suspending power), i.e. fe=0, so that shell 9 is dropped to completely on pylon 10, i.e. the gravity of rotary body all acts on tower
On frame 10, that is to say, that rotary body acts on the resultant force F=mg in the vertical direction on pylon 10, at this time the friction of rotary body
The moment of resistance reaches maximum of Tfmax, T can be acquired by formula (4)fmax=kmg × R；
2) according to formula (3), if the wind wheel torque T that wind-force generates at this timemSWith TfmaxOfficial post obtain rotary body revolving speed and can protect
It holds in rated speed, then wind speed at this time is wind speed setting VS。
Step 4, when wind speed is greater than cut-out wind speed, i.e. Vw>Vout, pitch current transformer 19 is controlled, pitch is made to adjust motor 5
Driving blade 31 rotates, and blade 31 is made to be in complete full feathering state, starts mechanical brake locks at this time and determines wind energy conversion system, realizes and stop
Vehicle feeds them into shutdown mode.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that the present invention, which substitutes traditional magnetic suspension bearing using disc type magnetic suspension system, realizes the control that suspends, it can
It realizes low wind speed starting even breeze start-up, while can realize according to wind speed size again and quickly dynamically regulate and control damping due to rotation
Size, it is ensured that output rated power.On the other hand, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is also used as while realizing suspension control
Electrical power generators keep wind energy utilization higher.This external cause has outer-rotor structure, can be used and covers drive system of collecting folk songs more, thus
Realize high-power output.
Claims (4)
1. low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines characterized by comprising permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-power electricity generation
Machine, magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, wind wheel, pitch adjust motor, air gap sensors, drive system of collecting folk songs, upper end bearing, lower end axis
It holds, shell, pylon and converter control system；
The permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator includes stator and rotor；The stator sleeve is mounted on the excircle of the pylon,
And fixed with the pylon, the stator includes stator core and stator winding, and the stator winding is three-phase windings；Described turn
Son is outer rotor, is covered on the outside of the stator, and the rotor includes rotor core and permanent magnet, the permanent magnet and the rotor
The surface of iron core is fixed, and the medial surface of the rotor core and the shell is fixed；
The magnetic suspension disc type electric machine is located at the lower section of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, including disc type stator, disc type turn
Son and threaded disk；The disc type stator is made of disc type suspension iron core and suspending windings, and the suspending windings are DC excitation
Winding, the disc type suspension iron core are fixed with the threaded disk, and the threaded disk is fixed with the pylon, and the air gap passes
Sensor is mounted on the disc type suspension iron wicking surface；The disk rotor includes disk rotor iron core and disk rotor winding, institute
Stating disk rotor winding is three-phase windings, and the bottom of the disk rotor iron core and the shell is fixed；
The wind wheel includes horizontal support, blade, and one end of the horizontal support is fixed with the blade, and the other end passes through described
The shaft that shell adjusts motor with the pitch is fixed, and the medial surface that the pitch adjusts motor and the shell is fixed；
The upper end bearing is located on the inside of the center of top of the shell, is sleeved on the excircle of the pylon, and with it is described
The top of pylon is fixed；The bottom end bearing is located on the inside of the bottom center of the shell, is sleeved on the excircle of the pylon
On, it is fixed with the pylon；
The converter control system includes generator-side converter wear, grid-side converter, suspension current transformer, disk type electric motor rotor side unsteady flow
Device, pitch current transformer and battery；The stator of one end of the generator-side converter wear and the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator around
Group is connected, and the other end is connected with the grid-side converter and the suspension current transformer respectively；The other end of the grid-side converter
It is connected by transformer with power grid；The suspending windings phase of the other end of the suspension current transformer and the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine
Even；One end of disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer is connected with the disk rotor winding of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, another
End is connected with the pitch current transformer and the battery respectively；The other end and the pitch of the pitch current transformer adjust electricity
Machine is connected；
It is the rotor of the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, the disk rotor of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, the wind wheel, described
Pitch adjusts motor and the shell is referred to as rotary body.
2. a kind of control method of low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines as described in claim 1, special
Sign is, using following steps:
Step 1, start: as wind speed VwReach incision wind speed VinWhen, start the grid-side converter, it is made to work in rectification mould
Formula provides DC power supply to the suspension current transformer, then adjusts the output electric current of the suspension current transformer, make to be passed through the magnetic
Exciting current in the suspending windings of suspension disc type electric machine is gradually increased, the electromagnetic attraction f that the disc type stator generateseIt also will be with
Increase, until begin to ramp up the rotary body；Then by the gas length setting value δ at levitated equilibrium pointrefWith the gas
The difference for the suspension air gap length δ that gap sensor measures in real time obtains the excitation electricity of the suspending windings by control algolithm adjuster
Flow given valueBy this suspending windings exciting current given valueThe suspension current transformer is transported to, the suspension current transformer output is encouraged
Magnetoelectricity stream ifTo the suspending windings, rises to the rotary body steadily and be maintained at levitated equilibrium point；
Step 2, MPPT maximum power point tracking controls: as wind speed VwIn incision wind speed VinWith rated wind speed VNBetween when, it may be assumed that Vin<Vw
≤VN, the control that suspends is implemented by the suspension current transformer, it is ensured that and the rotary body is maintained at levitated equilibrium point during rotation,
The permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator and the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine start to generate electricity under the action of the wind；By the machine
Side current transformer implements MPPT maximum power point tracking control to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, is realized by the grid-side converter
It is grid-connected；Charge and discharge control is implemented to the battery by disk type electric motor rotor side current transformer simultaneously；
Step 3, rated power output control: as wind speed VwIn rated wind speed VNWith cut-out wind speed VoutBetween when, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<
Vout, according to wind speed VwSize controls the suspension current transformer, the generator-side converter wear and the pitch current transformer, makes described
Permanent magnet direct-drive type wind driven generator output power remains rated power, method particularly includes:
If 31) wind speed VwGreater than rated wind speed VN, but it is less than wind speed setting VS, it may be assumed that VN<Vw<VS, then controlled using damping due to rotation
Method, it may be assumed that control the suspension current transformer, the electromagnetic attraction f for generating the disc type statoreLess than the gravity of the rotary body
Mg, and then drop to the shell vertical and contacted with the pylon, frictional force will be generated between the shell and the pylon,
Then the rotary body will generate frictional resistance moment T in rotary coursef, i.e. increase damping due to rotation；The pusher side is controlled simultaneously to become
Device is flowed, implements control by revolving speed of the equation of motion to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, so that it is guaranteed that the permanent magnet direct-drive
Type wind-driven generator exports rated power；
If 32) wind speed VwContinue to increase, but is less than cut-out wind speed Vout, it may be assumed that VS≤Vw≤Vout, then make the suspension current transformer
Stop output electric current, so that the shell be made to be dropped on the pylon completely, i.e., the gravity of the described rotary body all acts on
On the pylon, damping due to rotation is made to increase to maximum；Variable pitch control method is used simultaneously, it may be assumed that gives the paddle by the battery
Square current transformer provides DC power supply, starts the pitch current transformer, controls the pitch by the pitch current transformer and adjusts motor,
The blade is driven to rotate, to change the propeller pitch angle of the blade, and then the wind wheel torque for generating the wind wheel becomes smaller, simultaneously
The generator-side converter wear is controlled, implements control by revolving speed of the equation of motion to the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator, thus really
Protect the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator output rated power；
Step 4, when wind speed is greater than cut-out wind speed, i.e. Vw>Vout, the pitch current transformer is controlled, the pitch is made to adjust motor
It drives the blade to rotate, so that the blade is in complete full feathering state, feed them into shutdown status.
3. the control method of low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines, feature exist according to claim 2
In frictional resistance moment in the step 3 are as follows:
Tf=f × R=kF × R
In formula, frictional force of the f between the shell and the pylon, R is turret radius, and k is coefficient of friction, and F is the rotation
Swivel acts on the resultant force in the vertical direction on the pylon, and has F=mg-fe, wherein mg is the gravity of the rotary body,
feThe electromagnetic attraction generated for the disc type stator.
4. the control method of low wind speed double-motor type magnetic suspension vertical shaft Wind turbines, feature exist according to claim 2
In the equation of motion in the step 3 are as follows:
In formula, TmFor the wind wheel torque that wind-force acts on the wind wheel and generates, Te1For the permanent magnet direct-drive type wind-driven generator
Electromagnetic torque, Te2For the electromagnetic torque of the magnetic suspension disc type electric machine, TfFor frictional resistance moment, J is turning for the rotary body
Dynamic inertia, ωmFor the mechanical angular speed of the rotary body.
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Application publication date: 20190205 |