CN109232446B - 一种喹喔啉类荧光探针的制备方法及其在检测g-四链体中的应用 - Google Patents

一种喹喔啉类荧光探针的制备方法及其在检测g-四链体中的应用 Download PDF

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CN109232446B
CN109232446B CN201811177936.6A CN201811177936A CN109232446B CN 109232446 B CN109232446 B CN 109232446B CN 201811177936 A CN201811177936 A CN 201811177936A CN 109232446 B CN109232446 B CN 109232446B
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胡命豪
靳广毅
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Abstract

本发明提供一种喹喔啉类荧光探针的制备方法及其在检测G‑四链体中的应用,其结构式为:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
,式中R1采用N‑甲基哌嗪基、吗啉基和二乙胺基中的至少一种,R2采用F、甲基,R3采用F、甲基、N‑甲基哌嗪基和三氮唑基中的至少一种。与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:(1)该类探针制备简单,易得,并且结构稳定,便于储存。(2)本发明提供的探针可以特异性地检测G‑四链体结构,实现了G‑四链体结构与其他二级结构的区分,用简单的荧光光谱仪,甚至无需任何仪器,肉眼观察就可以识别出核酸样品的二级结构,快捷,操作简便,成本低廉,并且可以实现实地检测。(3)该探针对待检测的核酸二级结构没有明显的影响,能够准确检测核酸原有的结构。

Description

一种喹喔啉类荧光探针的制备方法及其在检测G-四链体中的 应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型G-四链体荧光探针的制备方法,以及其在检测G-四链体核酸二级结构的用途。
背景技术
G-四链体是由富含鸟嘌呤(G)的核酸序列通过自身装配而形成的特殊核酸高级结构。生物信息学等研究表明,在染色体端粒末端、癌基因的启动子区域、核糖体DNA以及mRNA的非翻译区域等重要调控区域均存在大量可以形成G-四链体的潜在序列(putativequadruplex sequence,PQS),而且越来越多的证据表明G-四链体参与调控多种重要的生物学过程,如端粒末端保护、DNA复制、转录和翻译等,并且在细胞增殖、凋亡与衰老、肿瘤的发生及发展过程中都扮演着重要的调控角色。G-四链体被认为是起到分子开关的功能,其形成和拆散可能涉及到信号传导、细胞凋亡和细胞增殖等一系列体内重要的生理过程。因此,能够特异性地检测出G-四链体结构的存在或者形成,对于研究G-四链体结构的相关生物学功能以及开发以G-四链体结构为靶点的抗癌药物等方面都具有非常重要的作用。
然而,现阶段对G-四链体的研究只涉及到较少的基因序列,仍有大量G-四链体潜在序列(PQS)有待实验证明。而且,对于细胞内G-四链体的具体行为,也需要进行深入研究。因此,开发能够对G-四链体结构进行快速确证的方法和工具显得尤为重要。用于G-四链体检测的小分子探针也成为现阶段的一个研究热点。
近年来,喹喔啉结构被广泛应用于生物医药、半导体、荧光染料等领域。喹喔啉的平面性和刚性共轭结构使其具有独特的光学性质。申请人将喹喔啉结构融合到菲环结构当中,得到了新型的G-四链体探针,通过分子内电子转移的控制来进行G-四链体的检测,该探针荧光性能稳定,灵敏性高。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题,本发明提供了一种荧光探针,其结构式为:
Figure BDA0001824262610000031
式中R1采用N-甲基哌嗪基、吗啉基和二乙胺基中的至少一种,R2采用F、甲基,R3采用F、甲基、N-甲基哌嗪基和三氮唑基中的至少一种。
本发明还提供一种制备探针的方法,包括以下几个步骤:
步骤A:用
Figure BDA0001824262610000032
与N-甲基哌嗪或吗啉或二乙胺在DMSO溶剂中反应,得到化合物
Figure BDA0001824262610000033
步骤B:在乙醇溶剂中将其与
Figure BDA0001824262610000034
进行反应,得到化合物
Figure BDA0001824262610000035
步骤C:将
Figure BDA0001824262610000036
与叠氮化钠进行取代反应,生成
Figure BDA0001824262610000041
步骤D:将
Figure BDA0001824262610000042
与炔基化合物在叔丁醇/水混合溶剂中进行点击反应,可得终产物
Figure BDA0001824262610000043
或者将中间体
Figure BDA0001824262610000044
与N-甲基哌嗪或吗啉或二乙胺在DMF中进行取代反应,可得终产物
Figure BDA0001824262610000045
其反应式为:
Figure BDA0001824262610000051
本发明采用以上技术方案,其优点在于,本发明提供的探针由于具有较大的电子共轭体系和刚性平面,与G-四链体结构发生作用后,可以比较容易堆积在G四分体的平面上,并且与G-四链体具有较强的作用力,影响探针分子内的电荷转移效应,电子从激发态回到自身基态,从而发生强烈荧光。当与其他二级结构的核酸作用时,比如双链DNA,较大的刚性平面可以阻碍探针与双链DNA沟槽的结合,或者阻碍其插入碱基平面,电子辐射跃迁受阻,从而荧光增强较弱。
本发明还提供所述的探针在检测G-四链体结构中的应用,包括以下几个步骤:
步骤1)将待测核酸溶于pH值为7.2-7.4的缓冲液,得到溶液A;将所述探针用DMSO溶解,再用pH值7.2-7.4的缓冲液稀释,得到溶液B;
步骤2)将溶液A和溶液B混合,使混合液中待测核酸与探针的摩尔比为2:1,混合后判断待测核酸是否为G-四链体;
所述步骤进2)中判断方法采用荧光光谱分析进行测试或者在紫外灯下进行肉眼观察。
优选的,所述步骤2)中判断方法中采用荧光光谱分析时,与溶液B相比,若混合液的荧光光谱565nm–575nm处荧光发射强度明显增强,且满足其增强倍数大于某一固定值,即,若混合液的F/F0>10,则待测核酸为G-四链体结构。
优选的,所述步骤2)中判断方法中采用在紫外灯下进行肉眼观察时,与溶液B对比,若混合液在紫外灯下通过肉眼观察到有强烈的荧光增强,即可判断待测核酸为G-四链体结构。
优选的,所述缓冲液为Tris-HCl缓冲液;所述探针用二甲基亚砜溶解;待测核酸与探针的混合反应时间为1-2分钟。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)该类探针制备简单,易得,并且结构稳定,便于储存。
(2)本发明提供的探针可以特异性地检测G-四链体结构,实现了G-四链体结构与其他二级结构的区分,用简单的荧光光谱仪,甚至无需任何仪器,肉眼观察就可以识别出核酸样品的二级结构,快捷,操作简便,成本低廉,并且可以实现实地检测。
(3)该探针对待检测的核酸二级结构没有明显的影响,能够准确检测核酸原有的结构。
附图说明
图1为探针BQXC-1与不同核酸相互作用的荧光光谱。
图2为探针BQXC-2与不同核酸相互作用的荧光光谱。
图3为探针BQX-1与不同核酸相互作用的荧光光谱。
图4为探针BQX-2与不同核酸相互作用的荧光光谱。
图5为探针BQXC-1对不同G-四链体的构象影响。
图6为探针BQXC-1与不同核酸作用时在紫外灯下的荧光变化。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明的较优的实施例作进一步的详细说明:
当探针分子与G-四链体相互作用后,分子内的电子转移受到限制,电子可从荧光团的激发态回到基态,进而发射出荧光。当与其他二级结构的核酸作用较弱,分子内还是以非辐射跃迁为主,荧光较弱。通过这两种不同的作用方式,可以实现不同核酸结构的区分。
实施例1:化合物2的合成
将原料3,6-二溴-9,10-菲醌溶于20mL DMSO中(2.0g),加入5倍摩尔当量的N-甲基哌嗪和1倍摩尔当量的K2CO3,在油浴90℃下加热反应24h后,把反应液倒入200mL冰水中,有大量固体析出,减压抽滤,真空干燥,得到紫红色固体,收率为80%。质谱确证结构。MS(ESI)m/z405.2[M+H]+.
实施例2:化合物3(BQX-1)的合成
将化合物2分散在100mL乙醇当中(1.0g),加入2倍摩尔当量的4,5-二氟邻苯二胺,往反应体系中加入5滴冰乙酸作为催化剂,回流反应20h;反应结束后,自然冷却,有固体析出,减压抽滤,滤饼用少量乙醇洗涤3次,得到棕黄色固体,收率约为60%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.11(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.93(t,J=9.5Hz,2H),7.87–7.77(m,2H),7.37–7.30(m,2H),3.66–3.49(m,8H),2.95–2.71(m,8H),2.50(s,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ152.50,151.83,142.09,138.48,133.15,127.40,122.02,116.73,113.71,107.21,77.37,77.11,76.86,54.75,48.04,45.77.MS(ESI)m/z 513.3[M+H]+.
实施例3:化合物BQX-2的合成
将化合物3(BQX-1)溶解在10mL DMF当中(0.5g),加入5倍摩尔当量的N-甲基哌嗪和1倍摩尔当量的K2CO3,在油浴80℃下加热反应24h后,倒入冰水中,有固体析出,减压抽滤,真空干燥。然后进行柱层析分离,洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇(体积比30:1),可得黄色固体,收率约为50%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.14(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),7.87–7.74(m,3H),7.61(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),3.60–3.47(m,8H),3.47–3.35(m,4H),2.86–2.71(m,12H),2.48(s,9H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ157.46,152.30,152.21,143.14,141.64,140.83,139.98,138.44,133.03,132.81,127.23,127.16,122.90,122.86,117.11,117.04,114.96,112.70,107.58,107.55,77.34,77.08,76.83,54.88,50.23,48.42,48.38,45.91,45.88.MS(ESI)m/z 593.3[M+H]+.
实施例四:化合物4的合成
将化合物3(BQX-1)溶解在10mL DMF当中(0.5g),加入5倍摩尔当量的叠氮化钠,在油浴80℃下加热反应20h后,倒入冰水中,有固体析出,减压抽滤,真空干燥。所得粗品直接用作原料进行下一步反应。质谱确证结构。MS(ESI)m/z 536.3[M+H]+.
实施例五:化合物BQXC-1的合成
将化合物4分散在叔丁醇/水(2:1)混合溶剂中,加入5倍当量的1-二甲基胺-2-丙炔,催化量的硫酸铜和抗坏血酸钠粉末,在油浴80℃下加热反应5h。接着,减压蒸馏除去反应溶剂,得粘稠状固体,进行柱层析。柱层析所用洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇的梯度洗脱(30:1-15:1),可得深红色固体,收率约为40%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.13(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.76(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),8.24(s,1H),8.01(d,J=11.8Hz,1H),7.77(s,2H),7.36–7.29(m,2H),3.83(s,2H),3.60–3.48(m,8H),2.79–2.65(m,8H),2.43(s,6H),2.42(s,6H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ157.40,156.83,156.67,147.90,147.59,147.06,145.09,142.07,137.77,137.31,131.93,131.70,130.52,128.87,128.34,125.82,125.56,120.72,120.48,117.79,111.21,111.13,81.39,81.14,80.88,58.65,57.43,51.82,51.69,49.65,48.40.MS(ESI)m/z 619.3[M+H]+.
实施例六:化合物BQXC-2的合成
将化合物4分散在叔丁醇/水(2:1)混合溶剂中,加入5倍当量的5-己炔-1-醇,催化量的硫酸铜和抗坏血酸钠粉末,在油浴80℃下加热反应5h。接着,减压蒸馏除去反应溶剂,得粘稠状固体,进行柱层析。柱层析所用洗脱剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇的梯度洗脱(30:1-20:1),可得深红色固体,收率约为45%。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.06(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),8.64(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.99(s,1H),7.93(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),7.74(s,2H),7.32(d,J=11.1Hz,2H),3.72(t,J=6.2Hz,2H),3.61–3.46(m,8H),2.92(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.79–2.64(m,8H),2.44(s,6H),1.95–1.83(m,2H),1.80–1.68(m,2H).13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ153.21,152.76,152.65,148.57,143.35,142.88,140.88,138.04,133.66,133.23,127.87,127.69,126.61,124.05,122.43,121.82,121.53,116.70,116.41,113.69,107.19,107.08,77.35,77.10,76.84,61.74,54.75,47.92,47.76,45.81,31.95,25.51,25.09.MS(ESI)m/z 634.3[M+H]+.
实施例七:核酸样品的检测
1.制备样品:
核酸样品:核酸样品购自生工生物技术有限公司。将核酸适量溶于Tris-HCl的缓冲液中(pH 7.2,100mM KCl),超微量紫外光谱仪测定浓度,在95℃下加热5min后缓慢冷却退火到室温作为储存液,4℃储存。
测试的核酸样品代表性序列包括:
Figure BDA0001824262610000131
检测G-四链体结构:
探针溶液:先用二甲基亚砜将化合物配成5mM的储存液,再用Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH7.2,100mM KCl)中分别稀释成1μM的探针溶液用于测试。
2.检测:
2.1)荧光光谱检测
配制待测样品,样品中探针浓度为1μM,DNA浓度为2μM。用荧光分光光度计测定样品的荧光发射光谱,将465nm设定为激发波长。如果体系的荧光强度急剧增强,增强范围为10-100,则可判断待测样品为G-四链体结构,如果体系只有微弱荧光增强,则可判断待测样品为非G-四链体结构。结果如图1、2、3、4所示,这里所列举的几个探针BQX-1、BQX-2、BQXC-1以及BQXC-2均可以作为G-四链体荧光探针,它们对G-四链体与双链DNA有很好的区分能力,其中,BQXC-1与BQXC-2效果最佳。图5结果表明,以BQXC-1为例,探针对待检测样品的构象没有诱导作用,可以准备地检测其原来的结构。
2.2)肉眼检测
将待测样品(BQXC-1的浓度为1μM,待测样品为2μM)放在紫外灯下,肉眼观察。如果体系发射很强的蓝绿色荧光,则可判断待测样品为G-四链体结构,如果没有明显荧光增强,则为非G-四链体结构。结果如图6所示,图中BQXC-1与pu22的混合物有强烈的蓝绿色荧光,从而可以判断,pu22为G-四链体结构,而hairpin为非G-四链体结构。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 深圳大学
<120> 一种喹喔啉类荧光探针的制备方法及其在检测G-四链体中的应用
<160> 5
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 18
<212> DNA
<213> pu22
<400> 1
agggtgggga gggtgggg 18
<210> 2
<211> 32
<212> DNA
<213> kras
<400> 2
agggcggtgt gggaagaggg aagaggggga gg 32
<210> 3
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> c-kit1
<400> 3
agggagggcg ctgggaggag gg 22
<210> 4
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> tel21
<400> 4
gggttagggt tagggttagg g 21
<210> 5
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> hairpin
<400> 5
cgcgcgcgtt ttcgcgcgcg 20

Claims (1)

1.一种荧光探针,其特征在于,其结构式为:
Figure FDA0003006974630000011
其中,R1=N-甲基哌嗪,R'=F;或者,R1=R'=N-甲基哌嗪。
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