CN109232403A - 作为蛋白激酶抑制剂的酰胺类前药衍生物 - Google Patents
作为蛋白激酶抑制剂的酰胺类前药衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/72—Nitrogen atoms
- C07D213/75—Amino or imino radicals, acylated by carboxylic or carbonic acids, or by sulfur or nitrogen analogues thereof, e.g. carbamates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一类新型激酶抑制剂的酰胺类前药化合物,这些前药的特征在于对原药氨基上进行的酰胺化修饰,从而显著提高原药在体内的生物利用度。此外还涉及含有这些前药的药物组合物,以及用这些前药及药物组合物治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常疾病的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,更具体而言,涉及一类蛋白激酶抑制剂的酰胺类前药及其药物组合物,还涉及该前药的合成方法及其在治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常疾病的用途。
背景技术
近年来,许多激酶抑制剂(包括癌症药物,诸如格列卫和易瑞沙)的临床活性的证实,已经在具有新颖药效团的激酶抑制剂的研究中引发了研究者巨大的兴趣。为了克服具有选择性差和抗药性ATP-类似物的问题,用于癌症治疗的非-ATP竞争性抑制剂受到关注。化合物ON01910Na(参见Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.2011,21,3066-3069,WO03/072062和WO2008/088803)最近已经在临床试验中表现出优良的抗肿瘤活性和安全性,其结构式如下:
与ON01910Na结构类似的类似物(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(WO2011161446;J.Med.Chem.2014,57,2275-2291)在体外表现出更为优异的抗肿瘤活性。但是在我们对这一化合物进行临床前开发的过程中,发现该化合物存在体内生物利用度低的不足,在大鼠中10mg/kg混悬液口服给药后生物利用度仅为8.24%。
一般而言,提高生物利用度的途径通常有改善剂型、制备前药等。前药也称前体药物、药物前体、前驱药物等,是指药物经过化学结构修饰后得到的在体外无活性或活性较小、在体内经酶或非酶的转化释放出活性药物而发挥药效的化合物。前药的设计主要思路是用于克服用药中的障碍,如增加脂溶性、提高水溶性、增加稳定性、增加生物利用度、延长作用时间、提高靶向性、减少副作用及改善用药体验等,在本领域具有重要的意义。然而,尽管通过制备前药来提高药物化合物生物利用度、增加药物稳定性的现象较为普遍,但具体就某种特定药物而言,通过何种设计思路、何种修饰方式或何种合成方法能够开发出适宜的前药,对于本领域技术人员来说往往需要大量的筛选和合成工作,不断调整化学结构、实验参数和条件,才有可能获得期望的产品。
因此,本发明针对现有药物化合物的性能及存在的问题,设计并合成了一系列新型酰胺类的前药,通过对式(I)化合物结构上的修饰,从而较好地解决其因溶解度低而导致生物利用度低的弊端。
发明概述
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足,提供一类新型激酶抑制剂的酰胺类前药化合物,这些前药的特征在于对原药氨基上进行的酰胺化修饰,从而显著提高原药在体内的生物利用度。本发明还提供了含有这些前药的药物组合物,以及用这些前药及药物组合物治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常疾病的方法。
本发明的第一方面在于提供一类新型激酶抑制剂的酰胺类前药化合物或者其可药用的盐,其可以用式(II)表示:
其中,
X1、X2和X3中的任意1个是N原子,且X1、X2和X3中剩余的2个独立地是CR8,R8选自H和C1-3烷基;
Y是SO2;
Z为NH;
R1选自:OMe、OCH2CH3、O-丙基和O-丁基;
每个R2或R6独立地是OC1-6烷基;
R3和R5都是H;
R4是H或OC1-6烷基;
R7选自:(CH2)nNH2,n=2-6;(CH2)nOH,n=1-6;(CH2)nO(CH2)nOH,n=2-6;(CH2)nCOOH,n=1-6;苯甲酸(邻位、间位、对位);4-庚烷;(R9选自H,C1-4烷基,甲氧基乙基);2-丁二胺。
所述n为整数。
优选地,X2是CR8,X1和X3中的一个是N原子,且X1和X3中的另一个是CR8;
更优选地,X1、X2均是CH,X3是N原子。
优选地,R1为OMe。
优选地,R2、R4、R6独立地选自OC1-6烷基;
更优选地,R2、R4、R6独立地选自:OMe、O-乙基、O-丙基和O-丁基;
更优选地,R2、R4、R6均为OMe。
优选地,R7选自:
(CH2)nOH,n=2-3;
CH2CH2OCH2CH2OH;
CH2COOH;
苯甲酸(邻位);
(R9选自H,C1-4烷基,甲氧基乙基);
更优选地,R7为R9选自H和异丙基;
更优选地,R7为CH2NH2。
本发明的第二个方面涉及式(II)化合物或其可药用的盐在药物生产中的用途,所述药物用于治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常病症,或者用于抑制癌细胞的生长,或者用于诱导癌细胞的凋亡,这些发生在人或动物受试者中。
本发明的第三个方面涉及式(II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在试验方面的用途,所述试验用于鉴别用于治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常的候选化合物。
本发明的第四个方面涉及式(II)化合物或其可药用的盐在制备用于治疗选自下述的障碍的药物中的用途:淋巴瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、黑素瘤、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、鳞状癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌和食管癌。
本发明的第五个方面涉及药物组合物,其包含至少一种式(II)化合物或其可药用的盐,与可药用载体、稀释剂或赋形剂组合。
本发明的第六个方面涉及式(II)化合物或其可药用的盐,以适合口服给药的形式提供。
本发明还涉及制备式(II)化合物的方法,新的中间体,及制备其中间体的方法。
发明详述
当前药策略用于药物开发领域以改善药物特性时,通常预期前药可以通过特异性降解或酶介导的生物转化回复为母体化合物,然后展示出生物活性。本发明公开了一类基于酰胺化修饰的蛋白激酶抑制剂前药化合物,它们通过显著提高原药的水溶性并在体内快速转化为原药,从而大大提高原药的体内生物利用度。
在本说明书中,应用了本领域技术人员众所周知的大量术语。尽管如此,为了消除歧义,定义下述术语:
除非有相反意义的表述,本文所用术语“SO2”指砜或者砜衍生物(即两个附加基团都连到硫原子),而且不指亚磺酸酯。
“烷基”在本文中定义为直链或支链的烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基。
无论单独使用还是与其它术语结合使用,术语“杂芳基”均指含有特定数量碳原子的碳环芳香基。
“可药用载体或辅剂”指可与本发明化合物一起施用于患者的无毒的载体或辅剂,它不破坏化合物本身的药物活性。
在适当时,式(II)的化合物可以呈现为一种或两种对映异构形式或互变异构形式或立体异构形式或几何异构形式。通过本领域已知的方法,可以鉴别和制备或分离这样的形式。在本文中提及的式(II)化合物也包括它们的晶型、多晶型物、水合和无水形式。
本发明还用到以下缩写:
在本发明的具体实施方案中,优选的本发明的式(II)表示的化合物包括但不限于下表中详述的那些,及其可药用的盐:
在更优选的实施方案中,所述化合物具有式(II’a)或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物或生理学上可水解的、增溶或可固定化的衍生物(例如其药学上可接受的盐),其中X2是CH,R1是OMe,R3和R5都是H,R2、R4、R6均是OMe,
具体可选自:
在一个高度优选的实施方案中,所述化合物具有式(II’a)或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物或生理学上可水解的、增溶或可固定化的衍生物(例如其药学上可接受的盐),其中X2是CH,R1是OMe,R3和R5都是H,R2、R4、R6均是OMe,可选自:
在一个最优选的实施方案中,所述化合物具有式(II’a)或其药学上可接受的盐或溶剂化物或生理学上可水解的、增溶或可固定化的衍生物(例如其药学上可接受的盐),其中X2是CH,R1是OMe,R3和R5都是H,R2、R4、R6均是OMe,可选自:
本发明所述化合物的可药用盐包括从可药用无机或有机酸和式(II)化合物衍生的那些盐。合适的盐包括:盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、氢甲酸盐、酰胺、琥珀酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、富马酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、四邻苯二甲酸盐(tetraphthalate)、苯甲酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、磷酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、丙二酸氢盐、抗坏血酸盐、乙醇酸盐、乳酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、柠檬酸盐、天冬氨酸盐或谷氨酸盐和它们的变体。适用于形成酸加成盐的酸包括对应的酸,即盐酸、甲酸、氨基酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、富马酸、酞酸、四酞酸、苯甲酸、磺酸、硫酸、磷酸、草酸、丙二酸、抗坏血酸、羟乙酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、天门冬氨酸或谷氨酸等等。
上文定义的化合物可以是游离形式,即通常作为碱,或是任意合适的盐以常规方式,游离形式的化合物可以转化成盐,反之亦然。
治疗应用
在本发明的另一个方面涉及一种或多种式(II)化合物或其可药用的盐作为前药在药物生产中的用途,所述药物用于治疗由下述酶中的一种或多种介导的病症:极光激酶、PLK、CDK、BCR-ABL和上文定义的其它酪氨酸激酶之一,优选地,这样的药物能够抑制这样的酶。本发明的化合物可以抑制细胞周期中的任一个步骤或阶段。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,这样的药物适用于抑制AKT、极光激酶、CDK、BCR-ABLPLK、PI3K和一种其它蛋白激酶介导的增生性障碍。优选地,它可用于治疗增生性障碍,诸如癌症、白血病和与失控的细胞增殖有关的其它障碍诸如银屑病和再狭窄、病毒性障碍、心血管疾病、CNS障碍、自身免疫病、骨疾病(bone disease)、激素相关的疾病、代谢障碍、中风、脱发、炎性疾病或传染性疾病。
优选地,式(II)化合物或其可药用的盐能够抑制在细胞增殖、病毒复制、心血管异常、神经变性、自身免疫异常、代谢障碍、中风、脱发、炎性疾病或传染性疾病中涉及的一种或多种宿主细胞激酶。
增生性异常导致肿瘤,其包括:慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、淋巴瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、黑素瘤、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、鳞状癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌和食管癌。
优选地,增生性异常是癌症或白血病。本发明所用的术语“增生性异常”在广义上包括需要控制细胞周期的任何异常,例如,心血管异常诸如再狭窄和心肌病,自身免疫异常诸如肾小球肾炎和类风湿性关节炎,皮肤病诸如银屑病,抗炎、抗真菌、抗寄生物异常诸如疟疾,肺气肿和脱发。在这些障碍中,本发明的化合物可以根据需要在目标细胞内诱导细胞凋亡或者维持停滞。
如本文定义的,通过在体外完整细胞试验中抑制细胞增殖的能力,例如在适当的试验中使用任一种细胞系,包括、但不限于A549、A2780、HT29、PC3、Du-145、Saos-2、HCT-116、HeLa、MCF-7、NCI-H460,可以证实针对在本发明的范围内由激酶介导的增生性异常的作用。
药物组合物
关于本发明的用途,可以将本文所描述的化合物,或者其可药用的盐、酯或其他有生理功能的衍生物制备成药物制剂,其包含所述化合物,或者其可药用的盐、酯或其他生理功能的衍生物以及一种或多种可药用载体和任选的其他治疗和/或预防成分。载体必须能够与制剂的其他成分相容,并且对其接受者无害。该药物组合物可以在人类医学和兽医学中用于人类和动物使用。优选地,用于治疗上文定义的病症、疾病或异常,或用于抑制一种或多种蛋白激酶,更优选地,PLK、极光激酶、CDK、AKT、PI3K或酪氨酸激酶中的一种或多种,所述酪氨酸激酶包括、但不限于:BCR-ABL、MAPK、FLT、IKK、JAK、PDGF、PKA、PKB、PKC、VEGF或Src。
合适的载体的实例包括:乳糖、淀粉、葡萄糖、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸镁、甘露醇、山梨醇等等。
治疗有效量是0.1%至99.9%w/w的任意量,例如0.1-50%w/w,或50-99.9%w/w,诸如1-95%w/w,或5-90%w/w,或10-80%w/w。
给药方式
本发明的组合物适当地用于任何希望的给药模式,包括口服的、直肠的、阴道的、肠胃外的、肌肉内的、腹膜内的、动脉内的、鞘内的、支气管内的、皮下的、真皮内的、静脉内的、鼻的、经颊的或舌下的等等。
用于口服给药的组合物适当地配制为压缩片剂、片剂、胶囊剂、凝胶胶囊剂、散剂、溶液剂、分散系、混悬液、滴剂等等。这些形式可以根据已知的方法来生产,且可以包括任意合适的粘合剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、包衣剂或增溶剂或它们的组合。
借助于注射来施用的组合物,适当地从合适的溶液或粉末配制为无菌溶液或乳剂。或者,组合物可以是栓剂、子宫托、混悬液、乳剂、洗剂、乳膏剂、软膏剂、皮肤贴剂、凝胶、溶胶、喷雾剂、溶液或扑粉的形式。
指示的日剂量是约1mg至约1000mg(例如2mg-750mg、或3mg-650mg、或5mg-500mg)。以剂量形式提供的组合物通常每剂含有约0.25mg至约250mg(例如0.5mg-200mg、或0.75mg-150mg、或1mg-100mg)活性成分。
组合物可以包括一种或多种额外的活性成分,或可以与包含用于治疗相同或不同病症的其它活性成分的组合物一起施用。共同施用可以是同时地、连贯地或顺序地。
任意额外的活性成分适当地选自其它现有的抗癌剂。为了预防主要毒性、作用机制和抗性机制的重叠,并为了以它们的最高耐受剂量施用药物且在给药之间具有最小时间间隔,这可能是合乎需要的。共同施用也有利于促进累加效应或可能的协同效应。其它活性成分和给药方案的选择,取决于可有效地治疗源自要治疗的癌症的细胞系的药剂的知识。
可以与本发明化合物联合使用的适当抗增殖剂包括:DNA损伤剂、抗代谢药、抗肿瘤的抗生素、二氢叶酸还原酶抑制剂、嘧啶类似物、嘌呤类似物、细胞周期蛋白依赖性的激酶抑制剂、胸苷酸合酶抑制剂、DNA嵌入剂、DNA切割剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、蒽环类抗生素、长春花药物、丝裂霉素、博莱霉素、细胞毒性的核苷、喋啶药物、烯二炔(diynenes)、鬼臼毒素、含铂药物、分化诱导物和紫杉烷。这些药物的适当实例是本领域已知的。
合成方法
本发明的前药式(II)化合物可以通过以下路线A合成:
路线A:
根据本发明具体而优选的实施方案,通过路线A制备式(II)化合物的方法包括:
使化合物(I)
R1-R6、X1-X3如上文所定义,分别与PG-R7COCl进行缩合{PG为H或者适当的保护基,选自但不限于甲酸酯类保护基、酰胺类保护基、烷基及芳基保护基、亚磺酰类及磺酰类保护基、硅烷类保护基,优选为甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、9-芴基甲氧羰基、叔丁氧羰基、烯丙氧羰基、苄氧羰基、乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物、烯丙基、苄基、三苯甲基、甲磺酰基、对甲苯磺酰基,或使PG保护基转换为亚胺、烯胺衍生物或其它N-杂原子衍生物;。
R7选自上文定义中的(CH2)nNH2,n=2-6;(CH2)nCOOH,n=1-6;(邻、间、对)羧基苯;4-庚烷;(R9选自H,C1-4烷基,甲氧基乙基);2-丁二胺}得到中间体(III)或目标分子II(PG=H时)。
中间体(III)经过水解或者脱保护,可以得到目标分子II。
本发明的前药式(II)化合物还可以通过以下路线B合成:
路线B:
根据本发明具体而优选的实施方案,通过路线B制备式II化合物的方法包括:使式I化合物(R1-R6、X1-X3如上文所定义)与相应的内酯(选自但不限于多元环状内酯及氧杂多元环状内酯,优选为丙醇酸丙酯、1,5-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮、4-羟基丁酸内酯等)。进行反应得到目标分子II{其中R7选自(CH2)nOH,n=2-6;(CH2)nO(CH2)nOH,n=2-6}。
不拘于理论,我们认为本发明前药化合物作为前药转变成活性药物涉及机理为:由于前药分子本身的结构特性,前药分子的酰胺键在体内经过酸催化或者酶促形式断裂从而转化为原型药。
本发明所述式(II)化合物作为前药的特征是具有意想不到的水溶性、可在体内快速地转化为原药,此特性使前药可以进行较高剂量的给药,可使每单位剂量的药物负荷更大,这种高水溶性和易于体内代谢的性质使药物具有较大的生物利用率。最终可以使患者所承担的药剂负担显著减少。
因此本发明的一个关键性益处是:经过酰胺化修饰的前药化合物可以显著提高原药的水溶性并在体内快速转化为原药从而提高原药的体内生物利用度。
在本发明的说明书和权利要求书中,词语“包含”和“含有”和这些词语的变形词(例如“包括”)是指“包括、但不限于”,无意(且不会)排除其它部分、附加物、组分、整数或步骤。
在本说明书(包括任何附随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的所有特征,和/或如此公开的任意方法或工艺的所有步骤,可以以任意组合进行组合,除非至少一些这样的特征和/或步骤的组合相互排斥。
在本说明书(包括任何附随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的每个特征,可以被用于相同、等效或类似目的的替代特征替换,除非另有明确说明。因而,除非另有明确说明,否则公开的每个特征是仅仅是一系列等效或类似特征的一个实例。
本发明不限于任何前述实施方案的细节。本发明扩展至在本说明书(包括任何附随的权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的特征的任何新颖特征或任何新颖组合,或扩展至如此公开的任意方法或工艺的步骤的任何新颖步骤或任何新颖组合。
附图说明
图1为制备化合物1的合成路线
图2为制备化合物2的合成路线
图3为制备化合物3的合成路线
图4为制备化合物4的合成路线
图5为制备化合物5的合成路线
图6为制备化合物6的合成路线
图7为制备化合物7的合成路线
图8为制备化合物8的合成路线
具体实施方式
通过下面的实施例可以对本发明进行进一步的描述,然而,本发明的发明并不限于下面的实施例,这些实施例不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。本领域的技术人员在权利要求的范围内所作出的某些改变和调整也应认为属于本发明的范围。
仪器及测试方法:
使用Bruker 400 UltrashieldTM波谱仪,在400MHz得到1H-NMR,使用BrukerTOPSPIN 2.1程序进行分析。采用四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标,以百万份数(ppm)报告化学位移。偶合常数(J)报告至最接近的0.1Hz。使用下述缩写:s,单峰;d,双峰;t,三重峰;q,四重峰;m,多重峰;br,宽峰。使用安捷伦1290Infinity/6460 triple Quad液质联用仪获得质谱图。使用以硅胶GF25460玻璃板进行TLC(薄层色谱法)分析。硅胶(100-200目)预装柱,并使用Combiflash进行柱层析纯化。
实施例1:式(II)化合物的制备
(1)路线A:
A 1化合物1的合成
A1.1中间体1:N-邻苯二甲酰甘氨酸
100mL茄形瓶中邻苯二甲酰甘氨酸(1.0g,4.9mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20mL),后加入草酰氯(2.5g,19.6mmol)及DMF(50mg),反应液在室温下搅拌30min后减压浓缩,得到1.2g淡黄色固体,产物不经纯化直接应用于下一步的反应。
A 1.2中间体2:(E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-(1,3-邻苯二甲酰)乙酰胺
25mL茄形瓶中加入(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(600mg,1.53mmol)、DMF(8mL)、三乙胺(310mg,3.06mmol)以及中间体1(670mg,3.06mmol),反应液在室温下搅拌反应过夜后加入水(30mL)淬灭反应,乙酸乙酯萃取(15mL×3),有机相合并,饱和食盐水洗涤(30mL×1),无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩,残余物真空干燥得中间体2(黄色晶体,810mg),不经纯化直接应用于下一步的反应。m/z(ESI)-:580[M-H]-
A 1.3化合物1:(E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-氨基乙酰胺
25mL茄形瓶中中间体2粗品(810mg)溶于甲醇(15mL),后加入水合肼(200mg,4mmol),室温下搅拌反应1h后直接进行制备液相纯化,冻干后得化合物1(128mg,白色粉末)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δppm 7.65(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.43(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.25(s,2H),4.50(s,2H),3.93(s,3H),3.88(d,J=1.1Hz,9H),3.65(s,2H);m/z(ESI)+:452[M+H]+
上述合成过程详见图1。
A 2化合物2的合成
A 2.1中间体3:(E)-4-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-氨基-4-氧代丁酸甲酯
25mL茄形瓶中(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(500mg,1.23mmol)溶于吡啶(8mL),后加入丁二酸单甲酯酰氯(370mg,2.46mmol),体系在100℃油浴中搅拌反应3h,后减压浓缩得中间体3粗品(800mg,黄色固体),不经纯化直接应用于下一步的反应。m/z(ESI)+:509[M+H]+。
A 2.2化合物2:(E)-4-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-氨基-4-氧代丁酸
50mL茄形瓶中中间体3粗品(800mg)溶于甲醇(15mL),后加入LiOH.H2O(160mg,4mmol),反应体系在50℃下搅拌20min后直接进行制备液相纯化,冻干后得化合物2(180mg,白色粉末)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δppm 7.64(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.24(s,2H),4.49(s,2H),3.92(s,3H),3.87(d,J=2.8Hz,9H),2.80(s,2H),2.50(t,J=6.7Hz,2H);m/z(ESI)+:495[M+H]+.
上述合成过程详见图2。
A 3化合物3的合成
A 3.1中间体4:2-氯甲酰基苯甲酸甲酯
50mL茄形瓶中2-甲酸甲酯基苯甲酸(1g,5.5mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(20mL),体系中加入草酰氯(2.8g,22mmol)及DMF(50mg),室温下搅拌反应30min后减压浓缩,得中间体4粗品(1.2g,黄色固体),产物不经纯化直接应用于下一步反应。
A 3.2中间体5:(E)-2-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸甲酯
25mL茄形瓶中(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(700mg,1.78mmol)溶于吡啶(8mL),后加入中间体4(710mg),反应体系在100℃下反应3h,后减压浓缩得中间体5粗品(1.0g,黄色固体),产物不经纯化直接应用于下一步反应。m/z(ESI)+:557[M+H]+。
A 3.3化合物3:(E)-2-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-氨基甲酰基)苯甲酸
25mL茄形瓶中中间体5(1.0g)溶于甲醇(15mL),后加入氢氧化钠(120mg,2.8mmol),反应体系室温下搅拌反应20min,制备液相进行纯化,冻干后得化合物3(286mg,白色粉末)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δppm 7.78(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.65(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.54-7.41(m,4H),7.32(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.07(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.24(s,2H),4.44(s,2H),3.92(s,3H),3.87(d,J=2.0Hz,9H);m/z(ESI)+:543[M+H]+。
上述合成过程详见图3。
A 4化合物4的合成
A 4.1中间体6:N-芴甲氧基酰基缬氨酰氯
50mL茄形瓶中Fmoc-缬氨酸(1.02g,3.00mol)溶于二氯甲烷(25mL),后加入SOCl2(1mL),加热微回流反应16h,后减压浓缩得目标产物粗品(白色粉末,1.07g),该产物不经纯化直接应用于下一步反应。
A 4.2中间体7:(2S,E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶)-3-甲基-2-芴甲氧基酰氨基丁酰胺
25mL茄形瓶中(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(1.00g,2.54mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(12mL),加入碳酸氢钠溶液(1M,3mL),后0℃下滴加中间体6的四氢呋喃溶液(1.07g,3.0mmol in 4mL THF),30min内滴加完全,自然缓慢升温至室温并搅拌反应16h,加入水(15mL)稀释体系,乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×2)后减压浓缩,残余物硅胶柱层析纯化,石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系洗脱,得目标化合物(黄色粉末,550mg,30%)。m/z(ESI)+:716[M+H]+。
A4.3化合物4:(2S,E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶)-3-甲基-2-氨基丁酰胺
25mL茄形瓶中中间体7(650mg,0.91mmol)溶于DMF(5mL),0℃下滴加入哌啶的DMF溶液(77mg,0.91mmol in 0.5mL DMF),升至室温继续反应30min,后加入水(15mL)稀释体系,采用DCM/MeOH(10∶1,v/v,15mL×3)萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤(10mL×2)后减压浓缩,残余物硅胶柱层析纯化,二氯甲烷/甲醇体系洗脱得目标化合物(白色固体,114mg,25%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δppm 7.67(m,1H),7.47(m,1H),7.37(m,1H),7.09(m,1H),6.25(s,2H),4.51(m,2H),3.93(s,3H),3.88(s,10H),2.21(m,1H),1.06(d,J=6.9Hz,3H),0.95(d,J=6.9Hz,3H);m/z(ESI)+:494[M+H]+。
上述合成过程详见图4。
A 5化合物5的合成
化合物5:(E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-丙基戊酰胺
100mL茄形瓶中(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(592mg,1.5mmol)溶于吡啶(40mL),后0℃下缓慢逐滴滴加2-丙基戊酰氯(592mg,1.5mmol),反应体系自然升至室温,并继续反应过夜,减压浓缩,残余物硅胶柱层析纯化,石油醚/乙酸乙酯体系洗脱(PE∶EA=1∶8,v/v)得目标化合物(白色固体,120mg,15%),1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO)δppm 9.66(s,1H),7.62(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.15(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.30(s,2H),4.48(s,2H),3.80(m,12H),1.49(m,2H),1.38-1.19(m,7H),0.92-0.77(m,6H);m/z(ESI)+:521[M+H]+.
上述合成过程详见图5。
(2)路线B:
B 1化合物6的合成
化合物6:(E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-3-羟基丙酰胺
25mL茄形瓶中,(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(394mg,1.0mmol)溶于DCM(10mL),后0℃下加入AlMe3(1.5mL,2M in toluene,3.0mmol),反应液在0℃下搅拌反应40min后加入丙醇酸丙酯的DCM溶液(156mg in 2mLDCM,2.0mmol),加入完毕后升温至20-25℃继续反应2h,后用饱和氯化铵溶液(15mL)淬灭反应,DCM/MeOH混合溶液萃取(10∶1,v/v,60mL×3),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×2),无水硫酸钠干燥后减压浓缩,残余物硅胶柱层析纯化,DCM/MeOH体系洗脱(0%-10%MeOH),得目标化合物(120mg,白色粉末,27%)。1H NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δppm7.66(m,1H),7.42(m,1H),7.32(m,1H),7.08(m,1H),6.22(m,2H),4.48(s,2H),3.90(m,3H),3.83(m,11H),2.71(s,2H);m/z(ESI)+:467[M+H]+。
上述合成过程详见图6。
B 2化合物7的合成
B 2.1中间体8:1,5-二氧杂环庚烷-2-酮
250mL茄型瓶中加入间氯过氧苯甲酸(14.0g,81mmol)、二氯甲烷(100mL)及无水硫酸镁(2.0g),室温下搅拌干燥30min后在冰水浴中降温并分批缓慢加入四氢吡喃酮(5.0g,50mmol),反应液升温至40℃并维持该温度反应16h,降至室温后过滤,滤液中加入亚硫酸氢钠(15g)及水(50mL),剧烈搅拌3h后加入碳酸氢钠直至无气泡冒出,有机相分离后采用无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤后加压浓缩得无水油状物(2.6g)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δppm 4.32(m,2H),3.92(m,2H),3.85(m,2H),2.92(m,2H).
B 2.2化合物7:(E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-3-(2-羟基乙氧基)丙酰胺
25mL茄型瓶中(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(300mg,0.76mmol)溶于甲苯(20mL),降温至0℃后滴加AlMe3(0.76mL,2M in toluene,1.5mmol),反应液0℃下搅拌反应90min,滴加中间体8的甲苯溶液(176mg,1.52mmol in10mL toulene),后缓慢升温至室温并持续反应24h,加入饱和磷酸钾溶液调pH=9-10,二氯甲烷萃取(20mL×3),合并有机相,减压浓缩后残余物采用制备薄层纯化(DCM∶MeOH=10∶1,v/v),得目标化合物(白色粉末,200mg,51%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δppm 9.67(s,1H),7.62(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.49(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.30(s,2H),4.57(brs,1H),4.47(s,2H),3.86-3.75(m,3H),3.62(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),3.48(t,J=5.0Hz,2H),3.39(t,J=5.1Hz,2H),2.59(t,J=6.4Hz,2H);m/z(ESI)+:511[M+H]+。
上述合成过程详见图7。
B3化合物8的合成
化合物8:(E)-N-(3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-4-羟基丁酰胺
25mL茄形瓶中(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺(400mg,1.02mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10mL),冰浴中降温至0℃并滴加AlMe3(1.5mL,2M intoluene,3.00mmol),0℃下继续反应15min,滴加4-羟基丁酸内酯的二氯甲烷溶液(172mg,2.00mmol in 2mL DCM),自然升温至20-25℃并持续反应2h,饱和氯化铵溶液(15mL)淬灭反应反应,采用二氯甲烷/甲醇混合溶剂萃取反应液(DCM/MeOH=10∶1,v/v,30mL×3),合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL×2)后减压浓缩,残余物硅胶柱层析纯化,二氯甲烷/甲醇体系洗脱(DCM/MeOH=10∶1,v/v)得目标化合物(白色固体,162mg,33%)。1H-NMR(400MHz,MeOD)δppm 7.68(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),7.44(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.34(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),7.09(d,J=15.6Hz,1H),6.25(s,2H),4.48(s,2H),3.92(s,3H),3.87(S,9H),3.59(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),2.60(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.91-1.76(m,2H);m/z(ESI)+:481[M+H]+。
上述合成过程详见图8。
实施例2化合物溶解度试验
为评价本发明前药化合物的体外溶出情况,进行如下试验:
2.1溶出介质的配制
水:脱气水
生理盐水:0.9%的氯化钠水溶液
pH6.8介质:称取KH2PO46.519g,NaOH 0.896g,加脱气的纯化水溶解并稀释至1000mL,加KH2PO4或NaOH调pH至6.8±0.05。
生物相关介质FaSSIF-V21(ug/mL):分别称取牛黄胆酸钠960.75mg、卵磷脂75.50mg、顺丁烯二酸1.10g、氯化钠2.00g、氢氧化钠0.69g,加纯化水500mL,搅拌至完全溶解,即得。
2.2、试验方法
采用电磁搅拌方式,控温37度,转速200rpm,考察各化合物在上述介质中的溶解度(液相法)。
从原药化合物与前药化合物溶解度对比数据来看,经过前药化衍生的化合物在各个溶解介质的溶解度已经得到大幅度的提升,相比较未衍生化的原药化合物,前药化合物的溶解度往往是得到百倍甚至千倍的提升,完全可以满足药物开发的需求。
实施例3药理毒理试验
为了评价本发明前药化合物的药理毒理及生物利用度,在大鼠中进行了一系列药代动力学试验(以下简称“PK试验”)。
3.1材料与方法
3.1.1材料
PK试验:
仪器
质谱:LC-MS/MS(API3000)
液相:Shimadzu 10-AD
自动进样器:CTC PAL autosampler
常用试剂
乙腈:色谱级,Merck
甲醇:色谱级,Merck
甲酸铵,甲酸均为分析纯
超纯水:millipore Milli-Q
3.1.2方法
PK试验:
A.PK采血
实验组动物,单次给药后交替采血,设八个时间点:5min、15min、30min、1hr、2hr、4hr、8hr、24hr,做药物浓度检测;
采血后,血样置于肝素化的EP管中,在4℃,6000rpm下离心5min,分离血浆,转移血浆于-20℃保存待测。
B.评价指标
采用经过验证的生物分析方法,检测给药后前药及(E)-3-甲氧基-6-((2,4,6-三甲氧基苯乙烯基磺酰基)甲基)吡啶-2-胺在大鼠和犬血液中药物浓度,采用winnonlin 5.2计算主要药动学参数(包括消除半衰期,Tmax,Cmax,AUC,平均驻留时间MRT)。
绝对生物利用度计算公式为:F=(AUC_ext*Dose_iv)/(AUC_iv*Dose_ext)*100%,其中ext表示血管外给药,iv表示静注给药,Dose为剂量。
3.1.3实验结果
1)化合物1的研究
PK试验
a)SD大鼠静注给予(1V)原药溶液、口服给予(PO)原药混悬液
对SD大鼠分别进行原药溶液(1mg/kg)静注给药、原药混悬液(10mg/kg)口服给药,表1为静注和口服给药后的药代参数。以静注给药的生物利用度为100%为参比,通过计算可得,原药化合物在大鼠中10mg/kg混悬液口服给药后绝对生物利用度为8.24%。
表1
b)SD大鼠口服给予化合物1混悬液(10mg/kg)
对SD大鼠进行化合物1混悬液(10mg/kg)口服给药,表2为口服前药化合物1后的PK参数。
表2
在上述试验中,SD大鼠口服给予化合物1混悬液。大鼠混悬液口服给药后,化合物1的Cmax值为4.67ng/mL,AUC为6.85ng/mL。前药化合物1转化为原药后,Cmax值为818.2ng/mL,AUC为3952.6hr*ng/mL。以上试验表明,大鼠混悬液口服给药后绝大部分化合物1能够转化为原药化合物,绝对生物利用度为46.76%。可见,与直接给予原药化合物相比,应用前药化合物1后能够显著提高在SD大鼠中的生物利用度,有利于进一步的开发。
c)其它化合物的研究
表3提供了本发明的进一步研究,并示例除化合物1外,具有本发明所述的其它式(II)化合物结构作为前药也可以实现较高的生物利用度。表3分别给出了SD大鼠给予化合物4、6、7、8后的PK参数、绝对生物利用度。可见,应用化合物4、6、7、8后,与原药化合物相比,一定程度上均提高了在大鼠中的生物利用度。
表3
在不背离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,本发明所描述的各个方面的多种修改和改变对本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。虽然结合具体的优选实施方案对本发明进行了描述,但应理解,所要求保护的本发明不应被过度地限制于这些具体的实施方案。实际上,期望所描述的实施本发明的方式对于本领域的技术人员而言显而易见的各种更改也包含在本发明的权利要求范围之内。
Claims (12)
1.一种式II化合物,或其可药用的盐:
其中,
X1、X2和X3中的任意1个是N原子,且X1、X2和X3中剩余的2个独立地是CR8,R8选自H和C1-3烷基;
Y是SO2;
Z为NH;
R1选自:OMe、OCH2CH3、O-丙基和O-丁基;
每个R2或R6独立地是OC1-6烷基;
R3和R5都是H;
R4是H或OC1-6烷基;
R7选自:(CH2)nNH2,n=2-6;(CH2)nOH,n=1-6;(CH2)nO(CH2)nOH,n=2-6;(CH2)nCOOH,n=1-6;苯甲酸(邻位、间位、对位);4-庚烷;(R9选自H,C1-4烷基,甲氧基乙基);2-丁二胺;
所述n为整数。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其可药用的盐,其中X2是CR8,X1和X3中的一个是N原子,且X1和X3中的另一个是CR8;
优选地,其中X1、X2均是CH,X3是N原子。
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其可药用的盐,其中R1为OMe。
4.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其可药用的盐,其中R2、R4、R6独立地选自OC1-6烷基;
优先地,R2、R4、R6独立地选自:OMe、O-乙基、O-丙基和O-丁基;
优先地,R2、R4、R6均为OMe。
5.如权利要求1所述的化合物或其可药用的盐,
其中R7选自:(CH2)nOH,n=2-3,CH2CH2OCH2CH2OH,CH2COOH,苯甲酸(邻位),(R9选自H,C1-4烷基和甲氧基乙基);
优选地,R7为R9选自H和异丙基;
优选地,R7为CH2NH2。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述的式II化合物或其可药用的盐在药物生产中的用途,所述药物用于治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常病症,或者用于抑制癌细胞的生长,或者用于诱导癌细胞的凋亡,这些发生在人或动物受试者中。
7.权利要求1-5任一所述的式II化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在试验中的用途,所述试验用于鉴别用于治疗癌症或其它细胞增生性异常的候选化合物。
8.权利要求1-5任一所述的式II化合物或其可药用的盐在制备用于治疗选自下述的障碍的药物中的用途:淋巴瘤、白血病、乳腺癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、结肠癌、黑素瘤、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、鳞状癌、头颈癌、子宫内膜癌和食管癌。
9.一种药物组合物,其包含权利要求1-5中任一所述的化合物或其可药用的盐,与可药用载体、稀释剂或赋形剂组合。
10.如权利要求1-5任一所述的化合物或其可药用的盐,其中所述化合物以适合口服给药的形式提供。
11.一种式II化合物或其可药用的盐的合成方法,
其中,R1-R6、X1-X3如权利要求1-5任一所述,式I化合物与PG-R7COCl进行缩合得中间体III,经过水解或者脱保护,得到目标分子II,所述PG为保护基,所述R7选自(CH2)nNH2,n=2-6;(CH2)nCOOH,n=1-6;(邻、间、对)羧基苯;4-庚烷;(R9选自H,C1-4烷基,甲氧基乙基);2-丁二胺。
12.一种式II化合物或其可药用的盐的合成方法,
其中,R1-R6、X1-X3如权利要求1-5任一所述,使式I化合物与内酯进行反应得目标分子II,所述R7选自(CH2)nOH,n=2-6;(CH2)nO(CH2)nOH,n=2-6。
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