CN109224083B - 泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用 - Google Patents

泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用 Download PDF

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CN109224083B
CN109224083B CN201811138522.2A CN201811138522A CN109224083B CN 109224083 B CN109224083 B CN 109224083B CN 201811138522 A CN201811138522 A CN 201811138522A CN 109224083 B CN109224083 B CN 109224083B
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熊非
孙玉祥
张宇
顾宁
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Abstract

本发明公开了泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用,本发明首次发现了泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子可以显著降低高脂细胞模型HepG2细胞中甘油三酯的含量,可以将泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子用于制备治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物。本发明中泊洛沙姆和油酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米酶可以稳定地分散于液相体系中,显著降低高脂肪模型HepG2细胞和SD大鼠血液中甘油三酯的含量,同时可以显著上调高脂模型HepG2细胞中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α及其相关信号蛋白表达水平,促进细胞中甘油三酯的氧化分解,可以有效地治疗脂肪堆积引起的脂肪性肝疾病,对肝脏具有保护作用,疗效显著,安全性高。

Description

泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝 疾病药物中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于药物技术领域,具体涉及泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物方面的应用。
背景技术
非酒精性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases,NAFLD),是指除酒精和其他明确的肝损伤因素所导致的肝脏细胞内脂肪过度积累为主要特征的临床病理综合征,包括单纯性脂肪肝(nonalcoholic simple fatty liver,SFL)、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)及其相关肝纤维化和肝硬化。目前认为NAFLD是一种与胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)和遗传易感性密切相关的获得性代谢应激性肝损伤。随着肥胖及其相关代谢综合征在全球范围内的普遍流行,NAFLD已成为西方发达国家和我国东南沿海地区慢性肝病的主要病因之一,普通成人罹患NAFLD的概率为10%~30%,其中NASH占10%~20%,且NASH患者10年内约有25%发展为肝硬化。影响人体全身正常生理活动的进行,危害人类的生命健康,降低了人们的生活质量。
现阶段,治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的方法有:使用胰岛素增敏剂,抗氧化剂,护肝药,熊去氧胆酸,调脂药物,及其他药物。然而,胰岛素增敏剂具有较多的副作用和不良反应,如匹格列酮或罗格列酮具有体质量增加伴脂肪组织的重新分布和肝毒性的不良反应,二甲双胍易引起乳酸酸中毒;抗氧化剂需要长期用药,疗程较长;护肝药必需磷脂具有膜稳定作用;现在临床使用的调脂药又或多或少会损伤肝脏本身等。
非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的发病机制较为复杂,目前较为公认的关键发病因素为胰岛素耐受、氧化应激和脂质过氧化。其中胰岛素耐受引发的第一次打击会引起组织脂肪的分解并且能够抑制肝脏内甘油三酯的利用,使其沉积在肝脏内,引发肝脏脂肪变性。脂肪变性一旦发生,肝脏就更易受到第二次打击。二次打击是由多种因素引起的损伤,主要包括氧化应激、脂质过氧化、自由基的大量产生以及瘦素抵抗等。其中,氧化应激与其引起的脂质过氧化是二次打击引发NAFLD恶化的重要因素。在二次打击的过程中,各种因素引起的炎性因子的释放能够诱导胶原纤维的合成,从而引起肝纤维化,甚至发展为肝硬化。
氧化铁纳米粒子具备有良好的生物安全性和生物相容性,在美国上市的多聚糖超顺磁氧化铁药物(Ferumoxytol)可以用于治疗所有慢性肾病(CKD)成人患者的缺铁性贫血(IDA),并且具有良好的效果。此外,纳米级的氧化铁材料具有类似过氧化物酶的作用,可以催化H2O2氧化3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)、3,3’-二氨基联苯胺四盐酸盐(DAB)和邻苯二铵(OPD),使其发生颜色变化。因此,氧化铁纳米粒子既可以促进包括甘油三酯在内的脂质的氧化分解,降低其在肝脏组织中的沉积,也可以调节因活性氧引起的氧化应激对肝脏的损伤,从而达到治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的目的。
化学法制备得到的磁性纳米颗粒可以在水溶液或相应有机试剂中稳定保存一段时间。比表面积大、尺寸小的特点,使纳米颗粒表面呈现较大的吉布斯(Gibbs)自由能,颗粒易自发团聚以降低体系的能量。存在于磁性纳米颗粒之间的偶极-偶极相互作用,促使磁性纳米颗粒在溶液中的团聚,导致磁性纳米颗粒的沉淀,不能满足生物医学应用的要求。因此,对纳米颗粒进行表面修饰以提高空间位阻等作用可以有效地阻止纳米颗粒的团聚,得到可用于生物医学领域的稳定磁性纳米颗粒。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用。本发明首次发现泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在治疗脂肪性肝病方面的显著效果,利用其类过氧化物酶的作用机制促进脂质氧化分解,降低肝脏中甘油三酯的含量,将其应用于制备治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的氧化铁纳米粒子及其制备方法。
技术方案:为了实现上述目的,如本发明泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用。
其中,所述非酒精脂肪性肝疾病包括:单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化、以及因脂肪变性导致的不良症状。
其中,所述泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子为泊洛沙姆和油酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,内核为四氧化三铁纳米颗粒,修饰外壳为油酸和泊洛沙姆。
其中,所述四氧化三铁核心尺寸为5-20nm,优选尺寸为10nm,四氧化三铁纳米粒子水动力尺寸为20-80nm,优选尺寸为57.83nm。
本发明所述的用于治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的氧化铁纳米粒子,所述氧化铁纳米粒子为泊洛沙姆和油酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,内核为四氧化三铁纳米颗粒,修饰外壳为油酸和泊洛沙姆。
本发明所述的用于治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的氧化铁纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)吸取Fe3O4@OA,加乙醇,磁分离,弃去上清,加入THF超声,得混合液A;
(2)称取泊洛沙姆,加THF,超声至完全溶解,得混合液B;
(3)将混合液B加入混合液A中,超声,得混合液C;
(4)将得到的混合液C,用缓慢滴入水中,搅拌,并间歇超声6min,
(5)所有混合液C滴加到水中后,超声;
(6)置于水中透析,透析后加甘露醇,冻干制剂。
本发明用F68泊洛沙姆对超顺磁性四氧化三铁纳米颗粒表面进行修饰。泊洛沙姆化学名为聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯聚合物(PEO-PPO-PEO),其结构为:HO(CH2—CH2—O)m—(CH(CH3)—CH2—O)n—(CH2—CH2—O)m—H,商品名称
Figure BDA0001815219250000031
)是一种高分子非离子型表面活性剂,其PEO段呈亲水性、PPO段呈疏水性,在溶剂中可组装形成多种介观有序结构。PEO-PPO-PEO具有较好的生物相容性,可以应用于药物递送、基因载体、介孔材料制备、酶修饰等领域,而氧化铁纳米粒子通常作为一种载体、造影剂。其本身具有药学性能,可以用于治疗所有慢性肾病(CKD)成人患者的缺铁性贫血(IDA),在白血病中可以作为良好的补铁药物。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
本发明首次发现了泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子可以显著降低高脂细胞模型HepG2细胞中甘油三酯的含量,可以将发现泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子用于制备治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的药物。
本发明中泊洛沙姆(F68)和油酸(OA)修饰的四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米酶,即泊洛沙姆(F68)和油酸(OA)修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒(Fe3O4@OA@F68)可以稳定地分散于液相体系中,显著降低高脂肪模型HepG2细胞和SD大鼠血液中甘油三酯(TG)的含量,同时可以显著上调高脂模型HepG2细胞中过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)及其相关信号蛋白表达水平,促进细胞中TG的氧化分解。
Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子是以纳米级Fe3O4为内核,使用OA和F68进行表面修饰,可以有效地治疗脂肪堆积引起的脂肪性肝疾病,对肝脏具有保护作用,疗效显著,安全性高。
附图说明
图1为不同浓度的油酸对HepG2细胞存活率的影响的示意图(作用时间为24h);
图2为HepG2细胞油红O染色图:(a)对照组,(b)模型组,(c)Pravastatin处理组以及(d)Fe3O4@OA@F68处理组(24h,100μg/mL);
图3为Fe3O4@OA@F68对油酸孵育HepG2细胞中甘油三酯清除率的影响的示意图(24h,n=4),(其中*P<0.01与F68处理组比较);
图4为Fe3O4@OA@F68对SD大鼠总胆固醇(a)、甘油三酯(b)水平以及肝指数(c)的影响的示意图,(其中*P<0.05与模型对照组比较,**P<0.01与模型对照组比较)。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
用于治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的氧化铁纳米粒子的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)吸取200uL Fe3O4@OA(油酸修饰的四氧化三铁磁性纳米颗粒由江苏省生物材料与器件重点实验室提供)(100mg/mL),加3mL乙醇,磁分离,弃去上清,重复2次,加入2mLTHF,超声5min,得混合液A;
(2)称取1500mg泊洛沙姆188,加7mLTHF,超声至完全溶解,得混合液B;
(3)将混合液B加入混合液A中,超声3-5min,得混合液C;
(4)将得到的混合液C,,用1mL注射器缓慢滴入90mL水中(烧杯中的水机械搅拌,100rpm),每滴加1mL后,探头超声6min,超声2s,停2s,
(5)所有混合液C滴加到水中后,探头超声6min,重复两次;
(6)置于2000mL水中透析24h(透析袋规格选择8000-12000),每2h换液一次,透析后加5%甘露醇(每100mL液体加5g甘露醇),冻干制剂,即为Fe3O4@OA@F68。
制备得到的Fe3O4@OA@F68为氧化铁纳米粒子具有油酸包裹的四氧化三铁内核和泊洛沙姆修饰的外壳,晶体核心尺寸10nm,水动力尺寸57.83nm。
实施例2
使用氧化铁纳米粒子降低与非酒精性脂肪肝疾病相关的甘油三酯含量的试验。
1、泊洛沙姆修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子对高脂HepG2细胞内甘油三酯清除率的研究,首先需要构建HepG2细胞的高脂模型,然后用实施例1自制的四氧化三铁纳米粒子对细胞给药,最后测量细胞内甘油三酯的含量。具体方案如下:
(1)最佳细胞接种浓度选择
HepG2以1×105个/mL浓度的细胞活性最高,倒置显微镜观察见细胞长势良好,呈单层分布,故HepG2选定1×105个/mL。
(2)油酸浓度的确定
实验分组:按每孔2ml接种HepG2细胞于6孔板内。接种好细胞,在37℃,5%CO2孵箱孵育24小时。待细胞贴壁生长后,设对照组、模型组。对照组:用培养液培养;模型组:分别用含12.5μg/ml,25μg/ml,50μg/ml,75μg/ml的油酸及培养液培养;每组均设3个平行孔。
(3)MTT法检测油酸的细胞毒性
将HepG2细胞以1×104个/孔的密度接种于96孔板内,置于细胞培养箱中培养12h。加入含不同浓度油酸的DMEM培养液,孵育24h。吸去培养液,每孔加入50μL MTT工作液,在37℃避光孵育4h,使MTT还原为甲臜,吸出上清液,每孔加150μL DMSO溶解甲臜,用酶标仪在550nm波长处检测每孔的吸光值。按下式计算细胞存活率(Cell Viability)。
Cell Viability(%)=Absample/Abscontrol
其中Abssample和Abscontrol分别为样品组和空白组的吸光值。
结果表明75μg/ml浓度的油酸处理细胞后具有显著的细胞毒性,而50μg/ml浓度的油酸处理后细胞变化无显著差异,结果见图1。
(4)Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子给药处理与油红O染色
因此选择50μg/ml浓度的油酸处理HepG2细胞,诱导细胞高脂模型。油红O染色显示油酸诱导的HepG2细胞中存在大量的脂肪酸,结果见图2。同时,Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子和阳性对照药普伐他汀钠处理油酸诱导的HepG2细胞后,油红O染色没有观查到脂肪酸的存在,因此Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子具有较强的油脂分解功能,结果见图2。
(5)Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子对细胞中甘油三酯清除率的评价
用800μg/ml终浓度的泊洛沙姆F68处理上述HepG2高脂模型细胞,另外给予其他四组细胞不同浓度的Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子处理,终浓度分别为:50μg/ml、100μg/ml、200μg/ml、400μg/ml。然后用甘油三酯检测试剂盒检测给药后细胞的中甘油三酯的清除率(%),结果分别为:4.61±1.89、43.50±3.06、49.08±2.42、54.78±2.73、50.88±4.06。因此,本研究中的四氧化三铁纳米粒子具有较强的甘油三酯清除效果,结果见图3。
2、泊洛沙姆修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子对高脂饲料喂养的SD大鼠总胆固醇、甘油三酯水平以及肝指数的影响。首先用高脂肪含量的饲料喂养SD大鼠,设置脂肪肝模型组和静脉注射给药组(Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子),研究大鼠血液中总胆固醇、甘油三酯的水平以及肝指数的变化。具体方案如下:
(1)将雄性SD大鼠10只随机分为2组,分别为脂肪肝模型组,静脉注射给药组。大鼠每日喂高脂饲料(猪油12%,胆固醇2%,丙硫氧嘧啶0.2%,胆盐0.5%,普通混合饲料85.3%),实验造模进行三周。第三周给药,脂肪肝模型组不给药,静脉注射给药组每日尾静脉按每Kg给药25mg Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子。实验每周称一次大鼠体重,实验结束前一天晚上禁食,不禁水,次日上午大鼠断颈取血,分离血清,测试血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯的含量。取肝脏,称湿重,计算肝指数。
(2)用胆固醇检测试剂盒和甘油三酯检测试剂盒分别检测血清中的总胆固醇和甘油三酯的含量。按照:肝指数=湿肝重量/(大鼠重量)×100%计算肝指数。结果表明:Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子静脉注射后可以引起总胆固醇浓度的下降,但是不具有显著性差异;而甘油三酯浓度和肝指数都显著降低,具有显著性差异,存在统计学意义。因此,Fe3O4@OA@F68纳米粒子可以用于降低脂质堆积引起的非酒精性脂肪肝疾病,结果见图4。综上所述,泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在降低细胞中甘油三酯含量上具有显著的效果。

Claims (6)

1.泊洛沙姆修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用,所述泊洛沙姆修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子为具有油酸包裹的四氧化三铁内核和泊洛沙姆修饰的外壳的纳米粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述非酒精脂肪性肝疾病包括:单纯性脂肪肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪性肝硬化、以及因脂肪变性导致的不良症状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述泊洛沙姆修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子为泊洛沙姆和油酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,内核为四氧化三铁纳米颗粒,修饰外壳为油酸和泊洛沙姆。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述四氧化三铁核心尺寸为5-20nm,四氧化三铁纳米粒子水动力尺寸为20-80nm。
5.一种用于治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,其特征在于,所述四氧化三铁纳米粒子为泊洛沙姆和油酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,内核为四氧化三铁纳米颗粒,修饰外壳为油酸和泊洛沙姆。
6.一种用于治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)吸取Fe3O4@OA,加乙醇,磁分离,弃去上清,加入THF超声,得混合液A;
(2)称取泊洛沙姆,加THF,超声至完全溶解,得混合液B;
(3)将混合液B加入混合液A中,超声,得混合液C;
(4)将得到的混合液C,用缓慢滴入水中,搅拌,并间歇超声6min,
(5)所有混合液C滴加到水中后,超声;
(6)置于水中透析, 透析后加甘露醇,冻干制剂,得到即为泊洛沙姆修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子。
CN201811138522.2A 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 泊洛沙姆修饰的氧化铁纳米粒子在制备治疗非酒精脂肪性肝疾病药物中的应用 Active CN109224083B (zh)

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