CN109220785A - A kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination - Google Patents
A kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220785A CN109220785A CN201811392061.1A CN201811392061A CN109220785A CN 109220785 A CN109220785 A CN 109220785A CN 201811392061 A CN201811392061 A CN 201811392061A CN 109220785 A CN109220785 A CN 109220785A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination, method includes the following steps: (1) selects 15~20 scape stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, every plant of tool colored Cremastra appendiculatas for pollination plant；(2) flower thinning processing is carried out to plant before pollination, each scape retains 10~15, flower；(3) the flower progress xenogamy after the fine day morning is to flower thinning and in the phase in full bloom.The method of the present invention significantly improves Cremastra appendiculata setting percentage and seed germination rate, is the effective way realized its quick reproduction technique and solve its resource regeneration.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination, especially a kind of setting percentage and seed germination rate compare
The method of high Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination.
Technical background
Cremastra appendiculata [Cremastra appendiculata (D.Don) Makino] is orchid family (Orchidaceae) Cremastra appendiculata
Belong to (Cremastra) perennial rare medicinal herb plant, be used as medicine with drying pseudobulb, because its false phosphorus stem have it is clearing heat and detoxicating,
Activating microcirculation and removing stasis medicinal and antitumor and other effects, and receive significant attention.Due to Cremastra appendiculata medical value with higher, cause people big
Amount excavation, the in addition limitation of species self-reproduction mechanism and the destruction of growing environment reduce its wild resource, endangered.
Cuckoo orchid is often biased to inflorescence side, sagging, narrow bell, and stamen and gynoecium are fused into stamen column, and pollen is blocky, because of colored special structure
It makes, the setting percentage of Cremastra appendiculata only has 1.3%-2.0% under field conditions (factors).Cremastra appendiculata vegetative propagation coefficient is very low, and the period is long；
Because natural pollination rate is low, harvesting gained capsule is few, and seed can hardly be sprouted under natural conditions, it is difficult to realize for sexual propagation
Large-scale production.To sum up, how pollinating method is improved, obtains more high quality seed, be the skill for breaking through Cremastra appendiculata sexual propagation
Art is crucial.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination, the method for the present invention has been obviously improved cuckoo
Blue setting percentage and seed germination rate are the effective ways realized its quick reproduction technique, solve its resource regeneration.
Technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination selects scape stalwartness, 15~20 no disease and pests harm, every plant of tool colored cuckoos
Orchid is pollination plant, carries out flower thinning processing to plant before pollination, and carry out xenogamy to the flower of phase in full bloom.
The method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination above-mentioned, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) mid-June, Cremastra appendiculata 3 years raw pseudobulbs for selecting stalwartness, which are transplanted into composite soil, to be cultivated, by 40kg/
Mu amount applies organic fertilizer；
(2) before next year spring and summer is bloomed, the Cremastra appendiculata plant for selecting scape sturdy carries out flower thinning processing, removes 3 at the top of scape
~5 flowers, remaining is alternately extractd from top to bottom, and each scape, which stays, spends 10~15；
(3) xenogamy is carried out to phase flower in full bloom in the fine day morning, sepal aperture in side is greater than 90 ° at this time, pollen
Yellow removes lip and maternal anther, record pollination time and pollination flower number after pollination；
(4) pollination current year September harvests capsule.
The method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination above-mentioned, in step (1), the composite soil is by fertile soil: the mixing of field soil and
At.
The weight ratio of the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination above-mentioned, the fertile soil and field soil is 2:1.
The method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination above-mentioned, in step (1), when being cultivated, condition of culture are as follows: natural lighting is strong
Spend 180~230 μm of olm-2·s-1, 15~22 DEG C of temperature, relative air humidity 70%~85%.
The method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination above-mentioned, in step (1), in the organic fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and oxygen
The mass fraction for changing potassium is more than or equal to 5%, and moisture content is less than or equal to 30%, cow dung, straw and Soybean Meal point
Number is more than or equal to 45%.
It is that the present invention reaches the utility model has the advantages that vegetative propagation is slower, and wild resource day since Cremastra appendiculata sexual propagation is difficult
It is gradually deficient, it is unable to satisfy its medicinal material market demand.The present invention passes through flower state when screening flower thinning piece number, pollination and pollination side
Formula significantly improves Cremastra appendiculata setting percentage and seed quality, is to realize its quick reproduction technique, solves effective way of its resource regeneration
Diameter.
To obtain beneficial effects of the present invention, inventor has carried out a large amount of experiment to the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination and has ground
Study carefully, part Experiment is as follows:
Experimental example 1: flower thinning processing and influence of the pollinated stage to setting percentage
Vegetable material Cremastra appendiculata (Cremastra appenudiculata (D.Don.) Makino) in the present invention is picked up from
The Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Huaxi District township Gao Po is identified through Guizhou University professor Xiong Yuanxin.There are 15~20 colored cuckoos with every plant
Orchid is used as test material.Condition of culture are as follows: 180~230 μm of olm of intensity of illumination-2·s-1(not applying artificial lighting), temperature
15~22 DEG C, relative air humidity 70%~85%.
Test material is divided into two groups, first group of carry out flower thinning processing test, experimental design is respectively to flower thinning to every plant
5~10,10~15 colored plant of tool carry out homophyletics color pollination, pollinate 15~20 as compareing using every plant, flower thinning method
To extract 3~5, scape top flower first, remaining flower is staggeredly extractd from top to bottom, and picking methods are that firmly downward flicking is spent
Handle falls anthocaulus from scape junction；Second group of carry out flowering condition test, experimental design are respectively to just opening the phase
Flower (Fig. 1-A, it is characterized in that aperture of side sepal during opening is less than 90 °, anther is faint yellow)；Phase flower (figure in full bloom
1-B, it is characterized in that side sepal aperture is greater than 90 °, anther yellow)；Thanking to florescence flower, (Fig. 1-C is closed it is characterized in that side sepal is in
Hold together process and side calyx aperture less than 90 °, pollen brown) homophyletic color pollination is carried out, using natural pollination as compareing.
Homophyletic color artificial pollination method: handling wide head pincet with 95% ethanol disinfection first, then remove anther cap,
This 4 colored massula is taken out, the column cap put down gently to this flower is intracavitary, guarantees the head cavity endocrine of at least two massula contact stud
Object, and column cap chamber is not poked；Lip is removed after pollination, is hung up and is just opened phase label, record processing time and pollination number, each
Processing pollination 60, is repeated 3 times.Setting percentage=solid flower number/pollination flower number × 100%.
Conclusion: flower thinning to every plant of tool 5~10,10~15,15~20, harvesting mature single fruit fresh weight is respectively 0.448g,
0.434g, 0.320g, flower thinning to 5~10 with 10~15 single fruit fresh weights without significant difference, both with every plant pollination 15~
There were significant differences for 20 colored single fruit fresh weights.Comprehensive setting percentage and capsule volume analysis flower thinning have 10~15 pollinations to every plant and imitate
Fruit is good (table 1)；Setting percentage of pollinating in blossom is higher (table 1).
Influence of 1 artificial pollination of table to setting percentage
Note: different lowercases indicate that the two has significant difference (p < 0.05) in table.Similarly hereinafter.
Experimental example 2: influence of the Pollination Modes to setting percentage and seed quality
After flower flower thinning has 10~15 to every plant, pollinates in the fine day of phase in full bloom to Cremastra appendiculata progress homophyletic color, is same
Strain cross-pollination, xenogamy are control with natural pollination.
The Cremastra appendiculata mature seed for taking different pollination ways, statistics has embryo rate under microscope.At 25 DEG C, 1%TTC is used
(0.5ml soil temperature -20) dark statistics embryo vigor after incubating 72h, and it is inoculated in KC+0.5mgL-1KT+1.3mg·L-1IBA+
1.0% sucrose+0.5gL-1On active carbon culture medium, germination rate is counted after 7 weeks.There is embryo rate=have semina subnumber/seed sum
× 100%；Embryo vigor=dyeing seed number/has semina subnumber × 100%；Seed germination rate=germination seed number/has semina
Number × 100%.
Homophyletic color pollinating method is same as above.Geitonogamy is to take anther on plant, puts and does not suit to the plant
Column cap is intracavitary；Xenogamy is to take anther on a plant, and putting column cap to another plant, intracavitary (two plant are in difference
In compartment).
Conclusion: after carrying out flower thinning processing to plant, its setting percentage highest (table of xenogamy is carried out in the blossom phase
1)；The seed of xenogamy has embryo rate, embryo vigor and germination rate to be above other groups, significantly improves seed quality (table 2
And Fig. 2) (Fig. 2-A is homophyletic color pollination seed germination rate；Fig. 2-B is geitonogamy seed germination rate；Fig. 2-C is different
Strain cross-pollination seed germination rate).
Influence of 3 Pollination Modes of table to seed quality
The present invention realizes the target that artificial pollination effectively improves Cremastra appendiculata setting percentage and seed germination rate, is that its seedling is fast
Numerous, resource regeneration and industrialization development are laid a good foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the different conditions of flowering (A: are just opened the phase；B: phase in full bloom；C: thank to the florescence)；
Fig. 2 is influence (A: homophyletic color pollination of the different pollination ways to Cremastra appendiculata seed germination rate；B: the different flower of homophyletic is awarded
Powder；C: xenogamy).
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1.
A kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination selects scape stalwartness, 15~20 no disease and pests harm, every plant of tool colored cuckoos
Orchid is pollination plant, carries out flower thinning processing to plant before pollination, and carry out xenogamy to the flower of phase in full bloom；Specifically
The following steps are included:
(1) mid-June, Cremastra appendiculata 3 years raw pseudobulbs for selecting stalwartness, which are transplanted into composite soil, to be cultivated, by 40kg/
Mu amount applies organic fertilizer；The composite soil is by fertile soil: field soil mixes；The weight ratio of the fertile soil and field soil is 2:
1；Condition of culture are as follows: 200 μm of olm of natural lighting intensity-2·s-1, 15~22 DEG C of temperature, relative air humidity 80%；It is described
Organic fertilizer in, the mass fraction of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is 15%, and moisture content is equal to 30%, cow dung, plant
Object stalk and Soybean Meal score are equal to 55%.(2) before next year spring and summer is bloomed, the Cremastra appendiculata plant for selecting scape sturdy is dredged
Flower processing, removes 3~5 flowers at the top of scape, remaining is alternately extractd from top to bottom, and each scape, which stays, spends 10~15；
(3) xenogamy is carried out to phase flower in full bloom in the fine day morning, sepal aperture in side is greater than 90 ° at this time, pollen
Yellow removes lip and maternal anther, record pollination time and pollination flower number after pollination；
(4) pollination current year September harvests capsule.
Embodiment 2.
A kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination selects scape stalwartness, 15~20 no disease and pests harm, every plant of tool colored cuckoos
Orchid is pollination plant, carries out flower thinning processing to plant before pollination, and carry out xenogamy to the flower of phase in full bloom；Specifically
The following steps are included:
(1) mid-June, Cremastra appendiculata 3 years raw pseudobulbs for selecting stalwartness, which are transplanted into composite soil, to be cultivated, by 40kg/
Mu amount applies organic fertilizer；The composite soil is by fertile soil: field soil mixes；The weight ratio of the fertile soil and field soil is 2:
1；Condition of culture are as follows: 230 μm of olm of natural lighting intensity-2·s-1, 15~22 DEG C of temperature, relative air humidity 85%；
(2) before next year spring and summer is bloomed, the Cremastra appendiculata plant for selecting scape sturdy carries out flower thinning processing, removes 3 at the top of scape
~5 flowers, remaining is alternately extractd from top to bottom, and each scape, which stays, spends 10~15；
(3) xenogamy is carried out to phase flower in full bloom in the fine day morning, sepal aperture in side is greater than 90 ° at this time, pollen
Yellow removes lip and maternal anther, record pollination time and pollination flower number after pollination；
(4) pollination current year September harvests capsule.
Embodiment 3.
A kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination selects scape stalwartness, 15~20 no disease and pests harm, every plant of tool colored cuckoos
Orchid is pollination plant, carries out flower thinning processing to plant before pollination, and carry out xenogamy to the flower of phase in full bloom；Specifically
The following steps are included:
(1) mid-June, Cremastra appendiculata 3 years raw pseudobulbs for selecting stalwartness, which are transplanted into composite soil, to be cultivated, by 40kg/
Mu amount applies organic fertilizer；The composite soil is by fertile soil: field soil mixes；The weight ratio of the fertile soil and field soil is 2:
1；Condition of culture are as follows: 180 μm of olm of natural lighting intensity-2·s-1, 15~22 DEG C of temperature, relative air humidity 70%~
85%；
(2) before next year spring and summer is bloomed, the Cremastra appendiculata plant for selecting scape sturdy carries out flower thinning processing, removes 3 at the top of scape
~5 flowers, remaining is alternately extractd from top to bottom, and each scape, which stays, spends 10~15；
(3) xenogamy is carried out to phase flower in full bloom in the fine day morning, sepal aperture in side is greater than 90 ° at this time, pollen
Yellow removes lip and maternal anther, record pollination time and pollination flower number after pollination；
(4) pollination current year September harvests capsule.
It is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention,
Several retouchings and improvement can also be made, these retouchings and improvement all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.Therefore, guarantor of the invention
Shield range should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination, it is characterised in that: selection scape stalwartness, no disease and pests harm, every plant of tool 15~20
Piece colored Cremastra appendiculata is pollination plant, carries out flower thinning processing to plant before pollination, and it is different to carry out different strain to the flower of phase in full bloom
Flower pollination.
2. the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: specifically includes the following steps:
(1) mid-June, Cremastra appendiculata 3 years raw pseudobulbs for selecting stalwartness, which are transplanted into composite soil, to be cultivated, and is measured by 40kg/ mus
Apply organic fertilizer；
(2) before next year spring and summer is bloomed, the Cremastra appendiculata plant for selecting scape sturdy carries out flower thinning processing, removes at the top of scape 3~5
Flower, remaining is alternately extractd from top to bottom, and each scape, which stays, spends 10~15；
(3) xenogamy carrying out to phase flower in full bloom in the fine day morning, sepal aperture in side is greater than 90 ° at this time, pollen yellow,
Lip and maternal anther, record pollination time and pollination flower number are removed after pollination；
(4) pollination current year September harvests capsule.
3. the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the composite soil
By fertile soil: field soil mixes.
4. the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that: the weight of the fertile soil and field soil
Than for 2:1.
5. the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step (1), when being cultivated,
Condition of culture are as follows: 180~230 μm of olm of natural lighting intensity-2·s-1, 15~22 DEG C of temperature, relative air humidity 70%~
85%.
6. the method for Cremastra appendiculata artificial pollination as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that: in step (1), the organic fertilizer
In, the mass fraction of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide is more than or equal to 5%, and moisture content is less than or equal to 30%, cow dung,
Straw and Soybean Meal score are more than or equal to 45%.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102657078A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-09-12 | 苏州神元生物科技有限公司 | Method of artificial pollination for Dendrobium candidum |
| US20160143236A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-05-26 | South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Dendrobium in vitro crossbreeding method |
| CN106171998A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州大学 | A kind of method inducing Cremastra appendiculata protocorm stem eye bunch to breed |
-
2018
- 2018-11-21 CN CN201811392061.1A patent/CN109220785A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102657078A (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2012-09-12 | 苏州神元生物科技有限公司 | Method of artificial pollination for Dendrobium candidum |
| US20160143236A1 (en) * | 2013-07-08 | 2016-05-26 | South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Dendrobium in vitro crossbreeding method |
| CN106171998A (en) * | 2016-07-21 | 2016-12-07 | 贵州大学 | A kind of method inducing Cremastra appendiculata protocorm stem eye bunch to breed |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| MI YOON CHUNG和MYONG GI CHUNG: "The breeding systems of Cremastra", 《ANN. BOT. FENNICI》 * |
| 查兆兵等: "多叶斑叶兰繁育系统与传粉生物学研究", 《热带亚热带植物学报》 * |
| 田海露等: "T-人工授粉对杜鹃兰结实率及果实生长的影响", 《江西农业大学学报》 * |
| 董军龙: "温室蝴蝶兰种苗生产技术", 《现代农村科技》 * |
| 陈德媛等: "杜鹃兰引种栽培观察", 《中国林副特产》 * |
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Application publication date: 20190118 |