CN109206760B - 一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种天然植物纤维‑橡胶复合材料的制备方法，将脱胶后的天然植物短纤维先用纤维素酶处理，然后经过微波辐射处理，再用纳米二氧化硅、硅烷偶联剂与乙醇混合得到的浸渍液真空浸渍，干燥、冷却后得到改性天然植物短纤维，与丁基橡胶、氧化锌、硬脂酸、促进剂、硫磺和防老剂共同加入密炼机中混炼，然后送入硫化机中硫化，得到天然植物纤维‑橡胶复合材料。本发明的制备方法简单方便，得到的橡胶复合材料不仅具有优良的吸声、减振效果，而且机械性能好，使用安全，环保性能好，适合应用于汽车内部降噪。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及橡胶复合材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对汽车的综合性能提出了更高的要求，其中，汽车的舒适性已经成为衡量汽车品质的一个重要标准。汽车内部噪声主要来源于发动机噪声、轮胎噪声等通过各种途径传入车内，而车内空间狭窄，噪声不能被有效吸收，对车内环境造成污染，影响人们的健康和心情。为了改善车内环境，降低车内振动和噪声，开发具有良好吸音、隔音、减振等作用的汽车内饰材料成为重要的发展趋势。
橡胶材料具有缓冲、减振、吸声、密封、柔软可屈挠的特点，在汽车减振降噪领域得到广泛的应用。橡胶的强度较差，实际使用中，通常在橡胶基体中加入适量的短纤维，赋予材料高模量、耐撕裂、耐刺穿、耐负荷等优良性能。天然植物纤维如棉纤维、麻纤维具有可降解、无污染的特点，而且加工时不易断裂，是增强橡胶合适的材料。但是，天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的吸声、减振效果还不够理想，仍然需要作出进一步的提升。
发明内容
本发明目的就是提供一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，该方法成本低、污染少、加工简单，得到的材料兼具优良的机械性能和吸声、减振效果，使用安全，环保性能好，适合应用于汽车内部降噪。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将40-60重量份脱胶后的天然植物短纤维加入300-500重量份浓度为0.05-0.1％的纤维素酶溶液中处理2-4h；
(2)将酶处理后的天然植物短纤维微波辐射处理0.5-1min，微波辐射功率为1-2kW；
(3)将1-2重量份纳米二氧化硅和2-4重量份硅烷偶联剂加入80-100重量份乙醇中混合均匀得到浸渍液，然后与微波辐射后的天然植物短纤维共同加入真空浸渍罐中真空浸渍0.5-1h，取出后于100-120℃干燥1-2h，冷却后得到改性天然植物短纤维；
(4)将所述改性天然植物短纤维与100-150重量份丁基橡胶、3-5重量份氧化锌、2-4重量份硬脂酸、1.5-2.5重量份促进剂、1.5-2.5重量份硫磺、0.5-1重量份防老剂加入密炼机中混炼5-15min，得到混炼胶料；
(5)将所述混炼胶料送入硫化机中硫化5-10min，即得天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料。
所述天然植物短纤维选自黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维、剑麻纤维、竹纤维、木棉纤维中的一种。
所述天然植物短纤维的长度为3-15mm。
所述酶处理温度为40-50℃，pH为5.5-6.5。
所述真空浸渍的具体步骤如下：先于0.5-1Mpa条件下浸渍20-30min，然后抽真空至(-0.15)-(-0.1)MPa，保持20-30min。
所述防老剂选自防老剂MB、防老剂IPPD、防老剂DTPD中的一种。
所述促进剂选自促进剂NS、促进剂NOBS或者促进剂TMTD中的一种。
所述混炼温度为50-55℃。
所述硫化温度为140-160℃，压力为5-8MPa。
本发明的优点是：
本发明将脱胶后的天然植物短纤维先用纤维素酶处理，然后经过微波辐射处理，再用纳米二氧化硅、硅烷偶联剂与乙醇混合得到的浸渍液真空浸渍，干燥、冷却后得到改性天然植物短纤维，与丁基橡胶、氧化锌、硬脂酸、促进剂、硫磺和防老剂共同加入密炼机中混炼，然后送入硫化机中硫化，得到天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料。先利用酶处理，使纤维发生部分降解，然后利用微波辐射，进一步使纤维的微观构造中产生裂隙，通过这种酶处理-微波辐射联用的方法，使纤维的结构更加疏松，内部孔隙更加丰富，能大大提高其吸声、减振的功能，然后利用纳米二氧化硅、硅烷偶联剂真空浸渍，提高纤维的机械性能以及与橡胶基体的相容性，从而使复合材料具有优良的强度。本发明将改性后天然植物短纤维的多孔性质与橡胶的弹性相结合，既能大幅度提高材料的吸声、减振效果，又具有良好的机械性能，综合性能高，使用安全性好，使其更适合应用于汽车内部降噪。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)将40重量份脱胶后的天然植物短纤维加入300重量份浓度为0.05％的纤维素酶溶液中处理2h；
(2)将酶处理后的天然植物短纤维微波辐射处理0.5min，微波辐射功率为1kW；
(3)将1重量份纳米二氧化硅和2重量份硅烷偶联剂加入80重量份乙醇中混合均匀得到浸渍液，然后与微波辐射后的天然植物短纤维共同加入真空浸渍罐中真空浸渍0.5h，取出后于100℃干燥1h，冷却后得到改性天然植物短纤维；
(4)将所述改性天然植物短纤维与100重量份丁基橡胶、3重量份氧化锌、2重量份硬脂酸、1.5重量份促进剂、1.5重量份硫磺、0.5重量份防老剂加入密炼机中混炼5min，得到混炼胶料；
(5)将所述混炼胶料送入硫化机中硫化5min，即得天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料。
所述天然植物短纤维为黄麻纤维。
所述天然植物短纤维的长度为3mm。
所述酶处理温度为40℃，pH为5.5。
所述真空浸渍的具体步骤如下：先于0.5Mpa条件下浸渍20min，然后抽真空至-0.15MPa，保持20min。
所述防老剂为防老剂MB。
所述促进剂为促进剂NS。
所述混炼温度为50℃。
所述硫化温度为140℃，压力为5MPa。
实施例2
(1)将60重量份脱胶后的天然植物短纤维加入500重量份浓度为0.1％的纤维素酶溶液中处理4h；
(2)将酶处理后的天然植物短纤维微波辐射处理1min，微波辐射功率为2kW；
(3)将2重量份纳米二氧化硅和4重量份硅烷偶联剂加入100重量份乙醇中混合均匀得到浸渍液，然后与微波辐射后的天然植物短纤维共同加入真空浸渍罐中真空浸渍0.5h，取出后于100℃干燥1h，冷却后得到改性天然植物短纤维；
(4)将所述改性天然植物短纤维与100重量份丁基橡胶、3重量份氧化锌、2重量份硬脂酸、1.5重量份促进剂、1.5重量份硫磺、0.5重量份防老剂加入密炼机中混炼15min，得到混炼胶料；
(5)将所述混炼胶料送入硫化机中硫化10min，即得天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料。
所述天然植物短纤维为黄麻纤维。
所述天然植物短纤维的长度为3mm。
所述酶处理温度为40℃，pH为5.5。
所述真空浸渍的具体步骤如下：先于0.5Mpa条件下浸渍20min，然后抽真空至-0.15MPa，保持20min。
所述防老剂为防老剂MB。
所述促进剂为促进剂NS。
所述混炼温度为50℃。
所述硫化温度为140℃，压力为5MPa。
对比例
将40重量份长度为3mm的黄麻纤维与100重量份丁基橡胶、3重量份氧化锌、2重量份硬脂酸、1.5重量份促进剂NS、1.5重量份硫磺、0.5重量份防老剂MB加入密炼机中于50℃混炼5min，得到混炼胶料，将所述混炼胶料送入硫化机中于140℃，5MPa硫化5min，即得。
将实施例1-2与对比例制得的复合材料经过性能测试，其中拉伸强度的测定方法参见GB/T528-1998，撕裂强度的测定方法参见GB/T529-1999，吸音系数的测定方法采用驻波管法，得到的性能指标见表1。
表1
| 性能指标 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比例 |
| 拉伸强度(MPa) | 20.6 | 22.5 | 19.3 |
| 撕裂强度(KN/m) | 40.2 | 42.4 | 39.8 |
| 平均吸音系数(100-2500HZ) | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.16 |
从上述表1中实施例1、实施例2可以看出，本发明的橡胶复合材料具有优良的机械性能和吸音效果；从实施例1、对比例可以看出，本发明制成的橡胶复合材料的机械性能相比对比例制成的橡胶复合材料略有增加，而吸音性能则大幅度升高，具有更加优良的综合性能。
Claims (7)
1.一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）将40-60重量份脱胶后的天然植物短纤维加入300-500重量份浓度为0.05-0.1%的纤维素酶溶液中处理2-4h，所述酶处理温度为40-50℃，pH为5.5-6.5；
（2）将酶处理后的天然植物短纤维微波辐射处理0.5-1min，微波辐射功率为1-2kW；
（3）将1-2重量份纳米二氧化硅和2-4重量份硅烷偶联剂加入80-100重量份乙醇中混合均匀得到浸渍液，然后与微波辐射后的天然植物短纤维共同加入真空浸渍罐中先于0.5-1Mpa条件下浸渍20-30min，然后抽真空至-0.1MPa，保持20-30min，取出后于100-120℃干燥1-2h，冷却后得到改性天然植物短纤维；
（4）将所述改性天然植物短纤维与100-150重量份丁基橡胶、3-5重量份氧化锌、2-4重量份硬脂酸、1.5-2.5重量份促进剂、1.5-2.5重量份硫磺、0.5-1重量份防老剂加入密炼机中混炼5-15min，得到混炼胶料；
（5）将所述混炼胶料送入硫化机中硫化5-10min，即得天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述天然植物短纤维选自黄麻纤维、亚麻纤维、剑麻纤维、竹纤维、木棉纤维中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述天然植物短纤维的长度为3-15mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述防老剂选自防老剂MB、防老剂IPPD、防老剂DTPD中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述促进剂选自促进剂NS、促进剂NOBS或者促进剂TMTD中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述混炼温度为50-55℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然植物纤维-橡胶复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述硫化温度为140-160℃，压力为5-8MPa。
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