CN114888916A - 一种高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料的制备方法及其应用。所述制备方法包括以下步骤:①用化学物质对天然轻木进行脱木质素处理;②将天然橡胶胶乳原位渗入步骤①中得到的轻木;③将步骤②中得到的轻木置于热压机中进行原位硫化及密实化处理,即可得到木质基生物塑料。根据本发明的方法成本低廉,工艺简单,绿色环保,可大规模生产,得到的木质基生物塑料具有高强度、水稳定性、生物降解性、氧气阻隔性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物质木材资源的利用,具体涉及一种高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着人口的不断增加,许多重要领域,如包装、家居、农业、车辆和运动器材等,对塑料的需求也在不断增加。然而,无处不在的石油化工塑料高度依赖日益减少的化石资源。此外,塑料将导致严重的环境问题,并影响每个海洋和淡水生态系统的健康。对于塑料污染最有效的缓解策略是减少石化塑料的投入。为了解决这一危机,必须设计一种具有生物降解性、生物相容性和经济可行性的生物基塑料,作为石化塑料的潜在替代品。如今,人们越来越重视从可再生的生物质来源中提取生物塑料,如淀粉、纤维素、半纤维素、木粉和藻类来替代石化塑料。为了开发由生物质原料组成的具有高强度和水稳定性的生物塑料,人们做出了许多努力,但进展远非令人满意。目前开发的生物基塑料存在成本高、能源消耗大、工艺复杂、水稳定性差、难降解等许多问题。在这方面,迫切需要开发一种简单和可扩展的方法来制造一种基于全天然成分的生物塑料,具有高机械强度、水稳定性、成本效益和生物降解性。
木材具有独特的层次结构和木质纤维素成分(主要含有纤维素、半纤维素和木质素),是生物塑料的理想起始材料。研究人员已经提出了以球磨木粉和聚合物为基础,通过化学改性制备的木质塑料。然而,保持木材中排列整齐的纤维素纤维,可以节省能源和化学品,简化工艺,并确保所生产材料的机械强度。由于天然木质素粘合剂的高含量,天然木材具有坚硬的三维结构,而多孔结构使其具有低阻氧性能,这对高性能生物塑料来说是不可取的。因此,本专利提出了一种简单而有效的策略,通过在木材结构中原位重新分配天然橡胶乳胶,开发了一种可扩展的、坚固的、水稳定的和紫外线阻隔的生物塑料。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术和理论的不足,主要是塑料污染严重的问题,提出了一种高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料的制备方法及其应用。通过在木材结构中原位重新分配天然橡胶乳胶,开发了一种可扩展的、坚固的、水稳定的和防紫外线的生物塑料。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中木质生物塑料的机理示意图
图2为本发明实施例中天然轻木的SEM图
图3为本发明实施例中得到的浸渍天然橡胶胶乳后轻木的SEM图
图4为本发明本发明实施例中制备的木质生物塑料的SEM图
图5为实施例2中制备的木质生物塑料的红外谱图
图6为实施例2中制备的木质生物塑料的水稳定性能结果图
图7为实施例2中制备的木质生物塑料的拉伸强度和阻氧性能结果对比图
图8为实施例2中制备的木质生物塑料的生物降解性能结果图
图9为实施例2中制备的木质生物塑料的生物相容性能结果图
具体实施方式
实施例1
以天然轻木为原料,用化学物质对其进行脱木质素处理后,将天然橡胶胶乳原位渗入;然后,通过原位硫化及密实化处理制备出高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料,具体的制备步骤如下:
(1)将天然轻木浸入一定pH值(4~5)的NaClO2溶液(4~8wt%)中,并保持沸腾2~4h 以去除木质素,然后在乙醇水溶液中漂洗几次以去除剩余的化学物质。
(2)真空浸渍三次(每次30分钟)将准备好的5~15wt%的天然橡胶胶乳通过原位再分布渗透到第一步得到的轻木中。
(3)将步骤2得到的轻木置于热压机中,在60℃,5MPa下热压60h进行致密化,即可得到高强度水稳定性木质生物塑料。
实施例2
(1)步骤1与实施例1中相同。
(2)准备5~15wt%的天然橡胶胶乳和含有硫磺、氧化锌和促进剂D的15~25wt%的硫化水分散液。真空浸渍三次(每次30分钟)将与硫化剂复合的天然橡胶胶乳通过原位再分布渗透到步骤1得到的轻木中。
(3)将步骤2得到的轻木置于热压机中,在60℃,5MPa下热压60h进行致密化,然后在120℃,10MPa下热压1h进行硫化,即可得到高强度水稳定性木质生物塑料。
实施例3
(1)步骤1与实施例1中相同。
(2)准备5~15wt%的天然橡胶胶乳和含有硫磺、氧化锌和促进剂D的15~25wt%的硫化水分散液。真空浸渍五次(每次30分钟)将与硫化剂复合的天然橡胶胶乳通过原位再分布渗透到第一步得到的轻木中。
(3)将步骤2得到的轻木置于热压机中,在60℃,5MPa下热压60h进行致密化,然后在120℃,10MPa下热压1h进行硫化,得到高强度水稳定性木质生物塑料。
Claims (8)
1.一种高强度水稳定性木质基生物塑料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,将天然轻木浸入一定pH值的NaClO2溶液(4~8wt%)中,并保持沸腾一段时间以去除木质素,然后在乙醇水溶液中漂洗几次以去除剩余的化学物质;
步骤2,准备5~15wt%的天然橡胶胶乳和含有硫磺、氧化锌和促进剂D的15~25wt%的硫化水分散液。利用真空浸渍法将与硫化剂复合的天然橡胶胶乳通过原位再分布渗透到步骤(1)得到的轻木中;
步骤3,将步骤2得到的轻木置于热压机中,在一定温度一定压力下热压一段时间进行致密化和硫化,得到木质生物塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中NaClO2溶液的pH值为4~5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中沸腾时间为2~4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中通过控制真空浸渍的时间,可以得到不同与硫化剂复合的天然橡胶胶乳含量的木质生物塑料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中致密化处理热压温度为50~70℃,压力为5~10MPa,时间为48~96h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3中热压温度为80~130℃时,渗透到轻木中的天然橡胶会转化为硫化天然橡胶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,该制备方法成本低廉、工艺简单、绿色环保,原料可再生,适合工业化生产。
8.根据权利要求1所述的木质基生物塑料的应用,所述应用为户外防紫外线聚合物、食品包装和其他石油基材料的强有力替代品。
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