CN109196195B - 用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109196195B
CN109196195B CN201780034044.8A CN201780034044A CN109196195B CN 109196195 B CN109196195 B CN 109196195B CN 201780034044 A CN201780034044 A CN 201780034044A CN 109196195 B CN109196195 B CN 109196195B
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sulfur
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张宏
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的一种方法和一种装置。在该方法中监控氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量。根据监控禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生直至出现预先给定的事件，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了氮氧化物捕集器再生，则不激活所述氮氧化物捕集器再生。

Description

用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的一种方法和一种装置。
背景技术
越来越严格的关于其中布置有内燃机的机动车中允许的有害物质排放的法规使得在内燃机运行时保持尽可能少的有害物质排放变得有必要。因此尤其针对废气后处理系统、诸如催化器的使用需要极为精确地确定废气系中的有害物质成分。
这种废气后处理系统包括例如用于过滤氮氧化物的氮氧化物捕集器。氮氧化物捕集器在运行中必须定期再生，从而使它们又能过滤氮氧化物。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，提出一种有助于非常可靠地运行氮氧化物捕集器的方法和装置。
该任务通过用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的一种方法和一种装置来解决。本发明还涉及其它有利的设计方案。
所述用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法包括下列方法步骤：
- 监控所述氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量，
- 根据所述监控禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生直至出现预先给定的事件，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，则不激活所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，
其中
- 为了监控所述存储器容量而获取存储器容量值，该存储器容量值代表获取的氮氧化物捕集器的剩余容量，
- 将所述存储器容量值与预先给定的阈值相比较，并且在低于所述阈值时禁用所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，
其中，所述预先给定的事件包括新的加注预先给定的最少量的燃料。
用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的装置被构造用于执行上述方法。
本发明的特征在于一种用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法。本发明的特征还在于一种用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的装置，其中，该装置被构造用于实施用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法。
在该方法中，监控氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量。根据监控禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生直至出现预先给定的事件，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了氮氧化物捕集器再生，则不激活氮氧化物捕集器再生。
在正常运行中，当氮氧化物捕集器的剩余容量低于预先给定的阈值时，氮氧化物捕集器例如始终被再生。不过若加注富含硫的燃料，那么这可能导致，氮氧化物捕集器必然被极为频繁地再生。这样做尤其具有两个缺点。在氮氧化物捕集器再生期间，CO2排放增加。此外，过多的再生会损害氮氧化物捕集器，使得必须更为频繁地更换这些氮氧化物捕集器。通过监控氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量可以识别出，是否加注了富含硫的燃料以及氮氧化物捕集器再生是否被禁用。CO2排放由此减少并且氮氧化物捕集器的使用寿命得到了提高。不过因为氮氧化物捕集器不再能过滤这么多的氮氧化物，所以有利的是，将氮氧化物过滤转移到SCR催化器（选择性催化还原）上和/或提高EGR率（废气再循环）和/或更为快速地加热SCR催化器。
根据一种有利的设计方案，为了监控存储器容量，获取这样的存储器容量值，该存储器容量值代表了氮氧化物捕集器的所获取的剩余容量。将该存储器容量值与预先给定的阈值相比较。在低于所述阈值时，禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。
所述存储器容量值可以例如在每一次氮氧化物捕集器再生之后和/或在氮氧化物存入阶段期间借助于沿废气流动方向布置在氮氧化物捕集器后方的氮氧化物传感器和λ传感器获取。若所述存储器容量值低于所述阈值，那么因此可以简单地推断出，在燃料中的硫过多并且可以禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，将所述阈值额外与在加注燃料之前的存储器容量值相比较，并且仅在如果加注前的存储器容量值明显大于所述阈值时才禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。
特别是如果加了许多新的燃料，那么就要有利地检查，燃料中是否有许多硫。为此有利地将所述阈值与加注前的存储器容量值相比较。在这种关系下，明显更大例如意味着，所述存储器容量值是阈值的至少两倍或三倍或四倍。根据另一种有利的设计方案，在监控存储器容量时获取该存储器容量的还原速度。根据所述还原速度获取燃料中的硫含量。将所述硫含量与预先给定的硫阈值相比较并且在超过所述硫阈值时禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。
还原速度尤其适用于推断出燃料中的硫含量。在高的还原速度下，也就是说，在存储器容量迅速减小时，燃料中的硫含量要比在低的还原速度下更高。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，借助于预先给定的硫模型根据每个单位时间所喷射的燃料量获取燃料中的硫含量。
由此可以特别准确地确定燃料中的硫含量。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，硫阈值约为200 ppm。
正好从约200 ppm的硫含量起有利地禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生，因为否则的话必然会过于频繁地进行再生。约200 ppm在这种关系下例如意味着180 ppm至220 ppm以及特别是200 ppm。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，预先给定的事件包括重新加注预先给定的最少量的燃料。
有利的是，禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生直至重新加注，因为仅在那时燃料中的硫含量才发生变化。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，最少量的燃料是加注前的剩余燃料量的四倍。
燃料中的硫含量正好在最少加注四倍于剩余燃料量时可能发生变化，使得有利的是，禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生直至进行这种加注。在燃料箱中的新的燃料因此必然包含特别是至少80%的新燃料和最多20%的旧燃料。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，如果禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生，则额外地向车辆驾驶员作出信号表示已经加注了富含硫的燃料。
由此能以简单的方式向车辆驾驶员作出信号表示已经加注了富含硫的燃料，使得车辆驾驶员知道，他不应再加这种燃料。信号表示例如通过在车辆的指示盘或仪表盘中的警示灯完成。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，在出现预先给定的事件后，执行氮氧化物捕集器再生。重新获取燃料中的硫含量。将重新获取的硫含量与第二个硫阈值比较。在低于第二个硫阈值时，重新激活氮氧化物捕集器再生，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了氮氧化物捕集器再生，则激活氮氧化物捕集器再生。
对燃料中的硫含量的重新获取如上面说明的那样借助于还原速度获取。
因此，如果加注了低硫的燃料，则仅进行氮氧化物捕集器再生激活，从而进一步减少CO2排放以及提高氮氧化物捕集器的使用寿命。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，在低于第二硫阈值时，结束向车辆驾驶员作出信号表示。
因此可以以简单的方式向车辆驾驶员作出信号表示，新加注的燃料是低硫的。
根据另一种有利的设计方案，第二硫阈值约为50 ppm。
正好从约50 ppm起有利地再次激活氮氧化物捕集器再生。约50 ppm在这种关系下例如意味着40 ppm至60 ppm以及特别是50 ppm。
根据另一个方面，本发明的特征在于一种计算机程序，其中，该计算机程序被构造用于，执行一种用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法或一种用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法的有利的设计方案。
根据另一个方面，本发明的特征在于一种计算机程序产品，其包括能实施的程序代码，其中，该程序代码在通过数据处理装置实施时实施一种用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法或一种用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法的有利的设计方案。
计算机程序产品尤其包括能被数据处理装置读取的介质，在该介质上储存着所述程序代码。
附图说明
接下来借助于示意图详细阐述本发明的实施例。
附图中：
图1是用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的流程图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的流程图。
氮氧化物捕集器布置在车辆的废气系中。
车辆尤其具有第一氮氧化物传感器、第二氮氧化物传感器和氮氧化物捕集器，其中，第一氮氧化物传感器沿废气流动方向布置在氮氧化物捕集器之前，并且第二氮氧化物传感器沿废气流动方向布置在氮氧化物捕集器之后。氮氧化物捕集器尤其是LNT（稀燃NOx捕集器）。
车辆例如额外具有两个λ传感器，其中一个λ传感器沿废气流动方向布置在氮氧化物捕集器之前，并且另一个λ传感器沿废气流动方向布置在氮氧化物捕集器之后。
控制装置1被构造用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量。控制装置1为此尤其具有计算单元、程序和数据存储器以及例如一个或多个通信接口。程序和数据存储器和/或计算单元和/或通信接口可以构造在一个构造单元中和/或分布到多个构造单元上。
控制装置1也可以称为用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的装置。
为此，尤其将用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的程序储存在控制装置1的数据和程序存储器上。
图1示出了用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的程序的流程图。所述程序在步骤S1中开始，在该步骤中必要时可以初始化变量。
在步骤S3中监控氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量。
为了监控存储器容量，例如获取代表氮氧化物捕集器的所获取的剩余容量的存储器容量值。
所述存储器容量值可以例如在每一次氮氧化物捕集器再生之后和/或在氮氧化物存入阶段期间借助于沿废气流动方向布置在氮氧化物捕集器之后的氮氧化物传感器和λ传感器获取。
在监控时，替代性地或额外获取存储器容量的还原速度。根据还原速度获取燃料中的硫含量。硫含量例如额外地借助于预先给定的硫模型根据每个单位时间所喷射的燃料量获取。
在步骤S5中，根据监控禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生，直到出现预先给定的事件，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了氮氧化物捕集器再生，则不激活氮氧化物捕集器再生。预先给定的事件例如是新的加注预先给定的最少量的燃料，其中，最少量的燃料例如是加注之前剩余燃料量的四倍。
若为了监控存储器容量而获取存储器容量值，那么可以例如将该存储器容量值与预先给定的阈值相比较，并且在低于所述阈值时禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。所述阈值能够可选地额外与加注燃料之前的存储器容量值相比较，并且仅在如果加注前的存储器容量值明显大于所述阈值时才禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。
若在监控存储器容量时获取燃料中的硫含量，那么可以替代性地或额外地将硫含量与预先给定的硫阈值相比较，并且在超过了所述硫阈值时禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生。所述硫阈值例如约为200 ppm。
在可选的步骤S7中，如果禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生，那么额外地向车辆驾驶员作出信号表示已经加注了富含硫的燃料。
在可选的步骤S9中，在出现预先给定的事件后，执行氮氧化物捕集器再生。重新获取燃料中的硫含量。将重新获取的硫含量与第二硫阈值相比较，其中，所述第二硫阈值例如约为50 ppm。在低于所述第二硫阈值时，重新激活氮氧化物捕集器再生，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了氮氧化物捕集器再生，则激活氮氧化物捕集器再生。
例如像在步骤S3中那样重新获取硫含量。
在可选的步骤S11中，在低于所述第二硫阈值时，结束向车辆驾驶员作出信号表示。
在步骤S13中结束程序并且必要时可以再次在步骤S1中开始。
通过所示的方法可以简单地监控氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量。因此可以识别出，是否加注了富含硫的燃料并且是否禁用了氮氧化物捕集器再生。因此CO2排放减少且氮氧化物捕集器的使用寿命得到提高。不过因为氮氧化物捕集器不再能过滤这么多的氮氧化物，所以有利的是，将氮氧化物过滤转移到SCR催化器（选择性催化还原）上和/或提高EGR率（废气再循环）和/或更为快速地加热SCR催化器。

Claims (11)

1.用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的方法，其中：
- 监控所述氮氧化物捕集器的存储器容量，
- 根据所述监控禁用氮氧化物捕集器再生直至出现预先给定的事件，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，则不激活所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，
其中
- 为了监控所述存储器容量而获取存储器容量值，该存储器容量值代表获取的氮氧化物捕集器的剩余容量，
- 将所述存储器容量值与预先给定的阈值相比较，并且在低于所述阈值时禁用所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，
其中，所述预先给定的事件包括：新的加注预先给定的最少量的燃料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，将所述阈值额外地与加注燃料前的存储器容量值相比较，并且仅在如果所述存储器容量值在加注前明显大于所述阈值时才禁用所述氮氧化物捕集器再生。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，
- 在监控所述存储器容量时获取所述存储器容量的还原速度，
- 根据所述还原速度获取燃料中的硫含量，
- 将所述硫含量与预先给定的硫阈值相比较，并且在超过所述硫阈值时禁用所述氮氧化物捕集器再生。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，借助于预先给定的硫模型根据每单位时间所喷射的燃料量获取燃料中的硫含量。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，所述硫阈值约为200 ppm。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，最少量的燃料是加注前的剩余燃料量的四倍。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中，如果禁用所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，那么额外地向车辆驾驶员信号表示加注了富含硫的燃料。
8.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，
- 在出现预先给定的事件后，执行氮氧化物捕集器再生，
- 重新获取燃料中的硫含量，
- 将重新获取的硫含量与第二硫阈值相比较，并且
- 在低于第二硫阈值时再次激活所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，使得如果在正常运行中已经激活了所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，则激活所述氮氧化物捕集器再生。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，如果禁用所述氮氧化物捕集器再生，那么额外地向车辆驾驶员信号表示加注了富含硫的燃料，其中，在低于所述第二硫阈值时结束向所述车辆驾驶员作出信号表示。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述第二硫阈值约为50 ppm。
11.用于监控氮氧化物捕集器的装置，其中，所述装置被构造用于执行根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法。
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