CN109182311B - 一种用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪的凝乳酶 - Google Patents

一种用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪的凝乳酶 Download PDF

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CN109182311B
CN109182311B CN201811183178.9A CN201811183178A CN109182311B CN 109182311 B CN109182311 B CN 109182311B CN 201811183178 A CN201811183178 A CN 201811183178A CN 109182311 B CN109182311 B CN 109182311B
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郭庆文
王兴吉
佟新伟
刘文龙
王克芬
钱娟娟
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Shandong Lonct Enzymes Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种专用于沂蒙黑羊乳奶酪制作的凝乳酶。所述凝乳酶的生产菌株具体为地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)X3菌株,保藏编号为CGMCC NO.14416。所述凝乳酶最适反应pH是7.2,在pH6.4‑7.6放置12h保持较高的稳定性,在此范围外,其凝乳酶活性大幅度下降;Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、K+离子对该凝乳酶有激活作用,而Mn2+、Cu2+对该凝乳酶有抑制作用。所述凝乳酶具备沂蒙黑山羊乳特异性,可在弱碱性环境下保持高凝乳酶活性,可专用于沂蒙山黑羊乳奶酪的制备。

Description

一种用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪的凝乳酶
技术领域:
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,特别涉及一种专用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪制作的凝乳酶。
背景技术:
奶酪营养丰富、味道鲜美,储存期长且种类繁多。在奶酪的生产过程中,凝乳是影响奶酪产率和品质的关键性工艺。凝乳酶是制作奶酪过程中起凝乳作用的关键性酶,它是天冬氨酸蛋白酶中的一种,能够专一性裂解K-酪蛋白中的Phe105-Met106肽键,引起乳蛋白凝聚,在奶酪的加工中具有重要作用,同时凝乳酶对奶酪的品质和特有风味的形成起着非常重要的作用。小牛皱胃凝乳酶首次被发现并广泛应用于奶酪的加工领域,由于世界奶酪业的高速发展,使得小牛凝乳酶供应持续短缺,科学家不断寻找能够替代小牛皱胃口凝乳酶的蛋白酶。
尽管研究人员发现了一些动物源的牛凝乳酶替代品(例如猪和鸡的胃蛋白酶),但动物资源不如植物和微生物丰富。目前已经报道的植物来源凝乳酶主要为木瓜蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶等,而微生物来源的凝乳酶已有50多种,其中应用最多的是由微小毛霉产生的凝乳酶,该酶的蛋白分解能力比牛凝乳酶强,但比其它来源的蛋白酶弱。
沂蒙山区特有的地理环境下所孕育的沂蒙山羊,其所产的沂蒙黑山羊乳中蛋白质及各种氨基酸的含量都高于牛乳,且其基本成分和各种营养元素配比均与人乳十分相近,营养丰富且易于吸收,是现代人类健康的营养佳品,经高科技脱膻处理后的山羊乳,口感香浓、细腻、滑爽,日益受到现代人的青睐。目前,未见文献或专利报道过具备沂蒙黑山羊乳特异性、并在pH7.0-7.3保持高活性的微生物凝乳酶,更没有明确这类蛋白质或其编码蛋白质的基因序列。
发明内容:
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明将提供一种专用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪制作的凝乳酶及其生产菌株与应用。
本发明所述的凝乳酶,来自可高产凝乳酶的地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslincheniformis)X3菌株。该菌株已于2017年7月13日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址位于北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,(邮编100101),保藏编号为CGMCC NO.14416;
所述凝乳酶具有SEQ ID NO.2所示的氨基酸序列,该凝乳酶的编码基因具有SEQID NO.1所示的核酸序列;
所述凝乳酶具备沂蒙黑山羊乳特异性,可专用于生产沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪,这里所说的特异性是指,当以不同哺乳动物奶液为底物时,菌株地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslincheniformis)X3产生的凝乳酶对沂蒙黑山羊乳的凝乳活性最高,使沂蒙黑山羊乳最快凝固;
所述凝乳酶的酶学性质如下:
(1)所述凝乳酶最适反应pH是7.2,在pH6.4-7.6放置12h保持较高的稳定性,在此范围外,其凝乳酶活性大幅度下降;
(2)Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、K+离子对该凝乳酶有激活作用,而Mn2+、Cu2+对该凝乳酶有抑制作用。
有益效果:
本发明提供的来自地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)X3的凝乳酶,具有沂蒙黑山羊乳特异性,可以加速沂蒙黑山羊乳的凝固,此外,该种凝乳酶在沂蒙黑山羊乳弱碱性环境下保持高凝乳酶活性,可专用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪的制备,克服了传统凝乳酶不适宜沂蒙黑山羊乳乳酪生产的问题(传统的凝乳酶需要在酸性条件下发挥作用,沂蒙山黑羊乳的pH在中性),在沂蒙黑山羊乳的深加工领域具备广泛的应用前景。
附图说明:
图1是凝乳酶的SDS-PAGE电泳分析,其中1-标准分子量蛋白,2-纯化后酶液;
图2凝乳酶的最适反应pH;
图3表示凝乳酶的pH稳定性;
图4表示凝乳酶的最适反应温度。
具体实施方式:
以下通过具体实施例对本发明做更详细的说明,具体实施案例仅为举例说明,不作为对本发明实施范围的限定。
实施例1地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)X3的培养及发酵液的制备
菌株X3的摇瓶发酵在500mL三角瓶中进行,其中包含50mL的发酵培养基。发酵培养基由20g/L脱脂奶粉,5g/L蛋白胨,2g/L玉米浆,8g/L葡萄糖,4g/L氯化钠,3g/L磷酸氢二钠组成,初始pH7.0。上述培养基接种2mL的对数期种子液,37℃,200rpm培养。发酵结束后,发酵液离心10min,离心力4000g,上清液即为粗酶液。
实施例2凝乳酶蛋白水解活性测定和凝乳活性测定
(1)凝乳酶活性测定方法参照IDF的方法157A:1997;
(2)蛋白水解活性测定方法参照改良的Lorry法。
实施例3地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)X3所产凝乳酶的纯化程序
将实施例1获得的粗酶液经过40%-65%乙醇沉淀后,12000rpm,离心30min获得的蛋白沉淀复溶于50mM的pH6.0的磷酸缓冲液中。
上述复溶的酶液通过Waters protein pak i-125分子筛层析柱(7.5×300mm)进一步分离纯化,上述层析柱预先用50mM pH6.0磷酸缓冲液(含0.15M Na2SO4)平衡。分离过程中,样品检测波长为OD280,流动相采用相同的缓冲液,流速1.0ml/min,每1.0mL洗脱液作为一个组分,分部收集。
收集活性组分并通过Amicon Ultra(Milipore)超滤浓缩及脱盐。最终,凝乳酶纯化倍数为9.2倍,回收率为15%,如表1所示。最终获得的酶浓缩液进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,如图1所示,该凝乳酶,基于十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳的分子量为52±1kDa,
表1菌株X3所产凝乳酶的纯化结果
纯化步骤 总蛋白(mg) 凝乳酶酶活(SU/mg) 纯化倍数 收率(%)
粗酶液 6.6 850 1 100
乙醇40%-65% 1.5 2600 3.06 69.5
分子筛层析 0.1 7830 9.2 14
注:蛋白质浓度采用考马斯亮蓝法测定。
实施例4最适反应pH
取纯化后的凝乳酶液,用不同pH的磷酸盐缓冲液调节至不同的pH值,测定酶活力。以pH7.2,50℃为100%,计算相对酶活。结果如图2所示,本凝乳酶的最适反应pH为7.2。
实施例5pH稳定性
取纯化后的凝乳酶液,用不同pH的磷酸盐缓冲液调节至不同的pH值,常温放置12h。在pH7.0,50℃条件下为100%,计算相对酶活。结果如图3所示,本凝乳酶在pH6.4-7.6的范围内稳定。
实施例6最适反应温度
取纯化后的凝乳酶液,在不同温度下测定酶活。以32℃条件下的酶活为100%,计算相对酶活力。结果如图4所示,本凝乳酶的最适反应温度为32℃。
实施例7金属离子对凝乳酶活力的影响
通过将10mM的单价离子(Na+,K+,Li+),二价离子(Ca2+,Mn2+,Zn2+,Cu2+,Fe2+,Mg2+,Co2+)和三价离子(Al3+)加入到酶活测定反应混合液中,研究各种金属离子对Bacilluslincheniformis X3凝乳活性的影响。未加入任何金属离子的反应液作为空白对照。如表2所示,Ca2+、Fe2+、Zn2+、K+离子对该凝乳酶有激活作用,而Mn2+、Cu2+对该凝乳酶有抑制作用。
表2金属离子对X3所产凝乳酶凝乳活性的影响
金属离子 浓度(mM) 相对凝乳酶活性(%)
空白 - 100
K<sup>+</sup> 10 120.20±1.1
Li<sup>+</sup> 10 100±0.2
Na<sup>+</sup> 10 100±1.1
Ca<sup>2+</sup> 10 123.25±1.3
Mg<sup>2+</sup> 10 100±1.1
Co<sup>2+</sup> 10 98.86±2.3
Mn<sup>2+</sup> 10 45.10±2.6
Fe<sup>2+</sup> 10 117.31±2.2
Cu<sup>2+</sup> 10 39.24±5.3
Zn<sup>2+</sup> 10 119.36±2.1
Al<sup>3+</sup> 10 95.30±3.6
实施例8地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)所产凝乳酶的底物特异性实验
0.3ml纯化后的X3所产凝乳酶(1.2mg/ml)分别加入到5ml的10%的牛奶、牦牛奶、绵羊奶和沂蒙黑山羊乳中,于75℃反应并记录凝乳时间。除此之外,将1.2mg/ml小牛皱胃凝乳酶和微小毛霉凝乳酶作为对照,重复上述操作。
当以牛奶为底物时,Bacillus lincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶源凝乳酶的凝乳活性为800SU/mL凝乳时间为6min,略低于对照1000SU/mL 5min(小牛皱胃凝乳酶)和1100SU/mL5.2min(微小毛霉凝乳酶);
当以牦牛奶为底物时,Bacillus lincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶源凝乳酶的凝乳活性为900SU/mL凝乳时间为5min,略低于对照1200SU/mL 4min(小牛皱胃凝乳酶)和1000SU/mL 3.6min(微小毛霉凝乳酶);
当以绵羊奶为底物时,Bacillus lincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶源凝乳酶的凝乳活性为600SU/mL凝乳时间为4min,略低于对照800SU/mL 3min(小牛皱胃凝乳酶)和700SU/mL 2.8min(微小毛霉凝乳酶);
当沂蒙黑山羊乳为底物时,Bacillus lincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶的凝乳活性为2200SU/mL凝乳时间为3min,优于对照1100SU/mL 4min(小牛皱胃凝乳酶)和1200SU/mL4.5min(微小毛霉凝乳酶)。
以上表明,与传统的动物来源和真菌来源的凝乳酶相比,Bacilluslincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶对沂蒙黑山羊乳具有特异性,且凝乳活性更高。
实施例9地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)X3所产凝乳酶在制备沂蒙黑山羊乳乳酪中的应用
乳品选择:沂蒙黑山羊乳,性状稳定。
凝乳酶准备:纯化后的Bacillus lincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶。
发酵剂准备:双歧杆菌,保加利亚乳杆菌。
奶酪制备:采用500ml离心瓶制备奶酪,离心瓶需经过110℃灭菌10分钟,所有步骤均采用无菌操作。在离心瓶中加入400ml的32℃沂蒙黑山羊乳(80%),再加入2%(v/v)的发酵剂和3ml的凝乳酶。混匀上述溶液,放置于32℃的水浴中,待奶凝固后,继续放置于水浴中,以获得硬度适宜的凝块。用无菌不锈钢器具切割凝块,并用其缓慢搅拌10分钟(10rpm)。之后,离心瓶用320g室温离心10分钟除去大部分水。用圆柱形器皿收集凝块,重新在1400g下30℃离心1小时。再取出凝块(除去大部分乳清),再次在1400g下30℃离心30分钟。离心后,获得直径6厘米,厚2厘米的圆柱状凝块。上述凝块在32℃水浴中静置,直到pH达到5.2。之后在12℃下,用35ml的无菌盐水(330g/LNaCl,pH 5.4)浇筑。5分钟后,除去盐水,将凝块放在无菌滤网上,除去乳清。Bacillus lincheniformis X3所产凝乳酶制备的牦沂蒙黑山羊乳乳酪颜色和硬度均达到要求。
序列表
<110> 山东隆科特酶制剂有限公司
<120> 一种用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪的凝乳酶
<130> 1
<141> 2018-10-11
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1629
<212> DNA
<213> 地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis X3)
<400> 1
atgtctgttg ctgtcgctgc tgtcgtttat ggagtttatc aatcagcctt cctggtgttc 60
aggctgctga aggtcatcac gttaaagaga atcaaacaaa tttcctctcc aaaaacgcga 120
ttgcgcaatc agacatcacc aaatgacaac cggtgtcaag cagtttttca aaaagaacaa 180
cgaacatttc gaaaacgtga ccccttccaa agggctgaac ctgatggtta taccgcacga 240
ctgatgccct tggatacaaa cactttcgat atgcgccaat atgcgcctgt cgttaacgga 300
gtcgccaatt taaagcattc gcaagtgatc ggttcacgtc agtacccccg tttaaccggt 360
caatggtggc tgcaatcaat ctgctgcaaa acgcagataa cagccaaatc tctcttctgc 420
aaactgcgtg gcactcgctt tcaaagctat cggcaaatca ccagacgctg tttctatcgg 480
agcgccaatc gcagcaataa aggcgaatgc aaaaaagcca ttgcaaagcc acggcagcta 540
tgcgtcttgt tcgacgacgt gacgattcgc tatgtcgagc ctgaacctgc aaactgggaa 600
gtcttagttg acgctgaaca gccatgcttc cagaaacgcg aatgtaaagt acgatcaaca 660
tgccgccgcc actggaagcg ggacaactct tataccggca actgttcctt tgaacatcgt 720
aacatctctt actcctctat cgaaggcgga acctctgcat gttctaagag cctcttcagg 780
gaaacggctg cgacccaaat catcacatat atgatttcga aagcgacaaa ggccgcttcc 840
gggcacgctt gtctcaagca caacgaaatc cattcacatc ttcatcacag cgggcagccg 900
ttgacgcaca ctataacctc ggtaaagtgt acaggatatt tccattcaac tttaagcgac 960
gacgagcaat ggtaccggag gcatgtaaca tggtttcttc cgttcactac ggcactcaat 1020
acaataacgc tgcatggaca ggagaccaga tgcttgtacg gtcgatgcgg acggttcatt 1080
cttctctccg ctttccggct cattagagta gtattgttga cagcgcatga aatgacacat 1140
ggcgtcaccc aatggaacag ccaacttgat ttcatgaaaa tcagccaggt gcaattaaac 1200
ggagtctttc tctcacgtat tcgggtattt aacgatcaat tccgatttgc aagactggga 1260
catcggttga agacattacg gtcagccagc ctgctcttcg cagcctgtca caaccctaca 1320
aaatacaacc cacgcctcgc aattacgcca ttacagaacc ttccaaacac agatgaaggc 1380
gattatggcg ttgtgtacac acaaacagcg gatattccaa caaacgccgc ttacaacacc 1440
atgacaacct tggctgtatc taattcacag caatatctat taccgtgcgt taacaacgta 1500
cctcacgcct tcttccacgt tcaacacatg ccaagtgcag ctctacattc agtctgcccg 1560
tggcctctac cggctgcaat ctgctgccga ctaaatttcg aatgcaggcc ttggattgct 1620
gttggatga 1629
<210> 2
<211> 542
<212> PRT
<213> 地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis X3)
<400> 2
Met Ser Val Ala Val Ala Ala Val Val Tyr Gly Val Tyr Gln Ser Ala
1 5 10 15
Phe Leu Val Phe Arg Leu Leu Lys Val Ile Thr Leu Lys Arg Ile Lys
20 25 30
Gln Ile Ser Ser Pro Lys Thr Arg Leu Arg Asn Gln Thr Ser Pro Asn
35 40 45
Asp Asn Arg Cys Gln Ala Val Phe Gln Lys Glu Gln Arg Thr Phe Arg
50 55 60
Lys Arg Asp Pro Phe Gln Arg Ala Glu Pro Asp Gly Tyr Thr Ala Arg
65 70 75 80
Leu Met Pro Leu Asp Thr Asn Thr Phe Asp Met Arg Gln Tyr Ala Pro
85 90 95
Val Val Asn Gly Val Ala Asn Leu Lys His Ser Gln Val Ile Gly Ser
100 105 110
Arg Gln Tyr Pro Arg Leu Thr Gly Gln Trp Trp Leu Gln Ser Ile Cys
115 120 125
Cys Lys Thr Gln Ile Thr Ala Lys Ser Leu Phe Cys Lys Leu Arg Gly
130 135 140
Thr Arg Phe Gln Ser Tyr Arg Gln Ile Thr Arg Arg Cys Phe Tyr Arg
145 150 155 160
Ser Ala Asn Arg Ser Asn Lys Gly Glu Cys Lys Lys Ala Ile Ala Lys
165 170 175
Pro Arg Gln Leu Cys Val Leu Phe Asp Asp Val Thr Ile Arg Tyr Val
180 185 190
Glu Pro Glu Pro Ala Asn Trp Glu Val Leu Val Asp Ala Glu Gln Pro
195 200 205
Cys Phe Gln Lys Arg Glu Cys Lys Val Arg Ser Thr Cys Arg Arg His
210 215 220
Trp Lys Arg Asp Asn Ser Tyr Thr Gly Asn Cys Ser Phe Glu His Arg
225 230 235 240
Asn Ile Ser Tyr Ser Ser Ile Glu Gly Gly Thr Ser Ala Cys Ser Lys
245 250 255
Ser Leu Phe Arg Glu Thr Ala Ala Thr Gln Ile Ile Thr Tyr Met Ile
260 265 270
Ser Lys Ala Thr Lys Ala Ala Ser Gly His Ala Cys Leu Lys His Asn
275 280 285
Glu Ile His Ser His Leu His His Ser Gly Gln Pro Leu Thr His Thr
290 295 300
Ile Thr Ser Val Lys Cys Thr Gly Tyr Phe His Ser Thr Leu Ser Asp
305 310 315 320
Asp Glu Gln Trp Tyr Arg Arg His Val Thr Trp Phe Leu Pro Phe Thr
325 330 335
Thr Ala Leu Asn Thr Ile Thr Leu His Gly Gln Glu Thr Arg Cys Leu
340 345 350
Tyr Gly Arg Cys Gly Arg Phe Ile Leu Leu Ser Ala Phe Arg Leu Ile
355 360 365
Arg Val Val Leu Leu Thr Ala His Glu Met Thr His Gly Val Thr Gln
370 375 380
Trp Asn Ser Gln Leu Asp Phe Met Lys Ile Ser Gln Val Gln Leu Asn
385 390 395 400
Gly Val Phe Leu Ser Arg Ile Arg Val Phe Asn Asp Gln Phe Arg Phe
405 410 415
Ala Arg Leu Gly His Arg Leu Lys Thr Leu Arg Ser Ala Ser Leu Leu
420 425 430
Phe Ala Ala Cys His Asn Pro Thr Lys Tyr Asn Pro Arg Leu Ala Ile
435 440 445
Thr Pro Leu Gln Asn Leu Pro Asn Thr Asp Glu Gly Asp Tyr Gly Val
450 455 460
Val Tyr Thr Gln Thr Ala Asp Ile Pro Thr Asn Ala Ala Tyr Asn Thr
465 470 475 480
Met Thr Thr Leu Ala Val Ser Asn Ser Gln Gln Tyr Leu Leu Pro Cys
485 490 495
Val Asn Asn Val Pro His Ala Phe Phe His Val Gln His Met Pro Ser
500 505 510
Ala Ala Leu His Ser Val Cys Pro Trp Pro Leu Pro Ala Ala Ile Cys
515 520 525
Cys Arg Leu Asn Phe Glu Cys Arg Pro Trp Ile Ala Val Gly
530 535 540

Claims (4)

1.一种凝乳酶,其特征在于,所述凝乳酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
2.如权利要求1所述的凝乳酶,其特征在于,所述凝乳酶的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
3.如权利要求1所述的凝乳酶,其特征在于,所述凝乳酶由地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacilluslincheniformis)X3菌株生产,菌株保藏编号为CGMCC NO.14416。
4.权利要求1或2所述凝乳酶的应用,其特征在于,用于沂蒙黑山羊乳奶酪制作。
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