CN109182217B - 一种生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途 - Google Patents
一种生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株(Bacillus methylotrophicus)及其应用,该菌Bacillus methylotrophicus BCN2保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No:16443。本发明包括菌株的分离培养及16S rDNA分子鉴定;甲基营养型芽孢杆菌挥发性物质对枇杷表面常见的腐败真菌(尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌属、深绿木霉、胶孢炭疽菌、扩展青霉)在双区平板和枇杷果品上有效的抑制效果;该挥发性物质在枇杷贮藏中的防腐应用。利用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)BCN2产生的挥发性抑菌物质可不直接接触果品,实现对果品的保鲜,延长食品的储存时间,可用于制备抑制尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌属、深绿木霉、胶孢炭疽菌、扩展青霉等腐败菌,具有较宽抑菌谱的生防用保鲜剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类由甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)BCN2 产生的挥发性抑菌物质及其对枇杷采后病害进行防治的生物技术领域,属于食品保鲜技术领域。
背景技术
水果采后病害导致的巨大损耗已成为国内外关注的问题,在发达国家约有 10%-30%的新鲜果品由于采后病害导致腐烂损失,在发展中国家果品的采后腐烂更为严重。目前,水果采后病害的防治方法主要有化学杀菌剂、气调贮藏、低温防病、热处理等,其中化学防腐效果最好。生物防治没有化学防腐保鲜带来的环境污染、农药残留及连续使用产生抗药性的问题,因此其成为果蔬采后病害防治的主要手段。水果采后腐败主要由霉菌等微生物污染引起,引起枇杷腐败的真菌主要有青霉、链格孢菌、灰葡萄孢菌、炭疽真菌等。
芽孢杆菌是目前生防用细菌中研究较多的一类,因其能够产生耐热、耐旱、抗紫外线和有机溶剂的内生孢子,所以是理想的生防用筛选对象。芽孢杆菌可以产生一系列的挥发性物质(VOCs),包括醇类,醛类,胺类,酮类,萜类,芳香族和氯化烃类以及含硫化合物。有许多研究者发现芽孢杆菌这些挥发性化合物对霉菌有显著的拮抗作用。黄福兴等研究发现,枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2所产生的挥发性物质对木霉Trichoderma菌丝的生长及孢子萌发有显著的抑制作用[1]。挥发物的生防用作用机制主要为改变霉菌蛋白质表达和特定酶的活性或通过增加细胞膜的通透性,从而降低膜相关酶的活性和减少营养摄取。
甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)是MunusamyMadhaiyan等人2010年报道自水稻根系土壤中分离得到的一个新种[2];殷晓敏等人报道甲基营养型芽孢杆菌培养发酵液能导致西瓜尖孢镰刀菌分生孢子不能正常萌发,失去致病力,病菌菌丝体畸形膨大从而不能侵染寄主植株[3];甲基营养型芽孢杆菌在防治番茄早疫病和稻白叶枯病的研究已有报道[4-6],如吕倩等首次从海洋中分离得到并证实此菌具备较强抑制黄瓜炭疽病菌等病原真菌活性的能力,有防治作物真菌病害的利用潜质[6]。但关于甲基营养型芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质很少被报道。本发明将利用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质的拮抗性,制备一种防治枇杷采后腐败的制剂。
参考文献:
[1]黄福兴.枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2对病原真菌的抑制作用及其活性成分分析 [D].福建农林大学,2008.
[2]朱玮,赵兵,王晓东,等.生物农药苏云金芽孢杆菌的研究进展[J].过程工程学报,2004,3:282-288.
[3]殷晓敏,吴琼,金志强.甲基营养型芽孢杆菌对西瓜枯萎病菌拮抗作用的研究[J].热带农业科学,2017,11:54-60.
[4]刘利强,杨士玲,陈强,等.30亿个/g甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防治黄瓜灰霉病田间药效试验[J].现代农业科技,2014,9:130-133.
[5]Madhaiyan M,Poonguzhali S,KwonSoonWo,et al.Bacillusmethylotrophicus sp.nov,a methanol-utilizing,plant-growth-promoting bacteriumisolated from rice rhizosphere soil[J].International Journal of Systematicand Evolutionary Microbiology,2010,10:2490-2495.
[6]吕倩,胡江春,王楠,等.南海深海甲基营养型芽孢杆菌SHB114抗真菌脂肽活性产物的研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,1:113-120.
发明内容
本发明公开了一种能产生对多种枇杷病原菌具有拮抗作用的挥发性化合物的生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。利用该挥发性物质可开发出新型的食品保鲜剂。经16S rDNA菌种鉴定,该菌株为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillusmethylotrophicus),保藏名称为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)BCN2,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏单位地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,保藏号为CGMCC No:16443,保藏日期为2018年09月10日。
所述菌株的单菌落为圆形、白色、不透明、表面干燥、边缘粗糙、表面略褶皱。菌株需氧性试验结果显示为兼性厌氧,分离自北京野生动物园采集的昆虫体内。
本发明的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2,其16S rDNA序列长度为1443bp,具体序列如SEQ ID NO 1所示。
本发明的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2,具有较广的抑菌谱,对引起枇杷采后病害的病原菌以及尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌属、扩展青霉、深绿木霉、胶孢炭疽菌等病原菌都有较强的抑制效果。
所述的生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株可以用于制备防治枇杷采后腐败的芽孢杆菌菌剂。
本发明的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌的发酵方法为:将所述的菌株在LB培养基中 22-37℃培养12-16h;然后重复传代培养2次,挑取适量甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(1 mm×1mm)加入到含有50mL LB液体培养基的锥形瓶中,在150-200rpm、22-37℃的摇床中振荡培养12-16h。最佳培养条件为:发酵起始pH为6.0、发酵时间12-16 h、发酵温度22-37℃。
本发明公开了一种防治枇杷采后腐败的方法:
1)将所述甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株接种于LB培养基中得培养液,或使用其发酵液;稀释培养液或发酵液,使得菌浓度为107-1010CFU/mL;
2)将枇杷与步骤1)中稀释后的培养液或发酵液按照1kg:0.3L的比例放在同一密闭空间进行熏蒸,保持80%-95%的相对湿度,置于22-30℃下保藏。
本发明还公开了一种含有基营养型芽孢杆菌的发酵液的生物保鲜剂,其成分为,每毫升生物保鲜剂中含有解淀粉芽孢杆菌107-1010个,其余是培养基。在近于密闭的条件下施用,对水果进行熏蒸。
这种生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌剂,其特征在于产生活性挥发性物质。
本发明所述的挥发性物质有以下特点:
1.甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2菌株具有较广的抑菌谱,对多种枇杷病原菌的生长有抑制作用。
2.甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2菌株对采后枇杷具有保鲜作用,能有效抑制因病原菌引起的枇杷腐败。
3.此菌剂生产工艺简单、周期短,便于工业化生产和运输。
4.利用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2产生的挥发性抑菌物质可不直接接触果品,实现对果品的保鲜,延长食品的储存时间。
附图说明
图1生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2与相似菌株16S rDNA序列的NJ系统发育树,与已知菌株甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicusCBMB205 (NR_116240.1)的16S rDNA同源性最高,结合菌体形态、菌落特征及生理生化指标的测定结果,将其鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus);
图2 BCN2产生的挥发性物质对5种霉菌病斑直径的影响;
图3 BCN2产生的挥发性物质对5种霉菌发病率的影响。
具体实施方式
PDA培养基:200g去皮马铃薯、20g葡萄糖、20g琼脂、1000mL水。
LB培养基:10g氯化钠、10g胰蛋白胨、5g酵母浸出物、20g琼脂、1000 mL水。
(一)甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2的挥发性物质对枇杷常见腐败菌的体外抑制效应:
1.生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicusBCN2,其鉴定结果如图1,具有较好的体外抗霉菌活性。
2.生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌的制备
活化及制备:将生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌在LB培养基中32℃培养12h。然后重复传代培养2次,用接种环挑取适量菌于盛有50mL LB液体培养基的250 mL锥形瓶,在150rpm、32℃的摇床中振荡培养12h,适量稀释发酵液使得菌浓度为107-1010CFU/mL,待用。
3.病原菌:尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeriasp.)、深绿木霉(Trichodermaatroviride)、胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),分离于自然腐烂的枇杷,经过ITS DNA鉴定确定其种属。
活化和制备:分别用接种环挑一环致病霉菌,接入PDA试管斜面的培养基上,在25℃培养3-7d,重复传代培养2次。
4.病原菌对生防用芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质的体外敏感性
在中间带有隔板的平皿中,一边移取200μL上述制备好的107-1010CFU/mL 的甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2发酵液于LB培养基上,用灭菌后的涂布棒涂布均匀,待其表面干燥;一边分别接种5种霉菌于PDA培养基上,将平板置于25℃下培养。做3组平行,用涂布无菌生理盐水的LB培养基做对照,72h后观测抑菌效果,来分析生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌的活性成分分别对枇杷霉菌的平板抑制作用。
5.实验结果如表1所示
表1甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2产生的挥发性物质对霉菌的抑制效果
注:---无抑制效果;+抑制效果弱,菌落半径抑制率10%以下,影响真菌菌丝生长;++抑菌效果明显,菌落半径抑制率10%-20%之间;+++抑制效果显著,菌落半径抑制率20%以上;三次重复取平均。
在体外平板实验中,从上述表中可以看出,生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌 BCN2能抑制尖孢镰刀菌、葡萄座腔菌、胶孢炭疽菌的生长,抑制率比较显著;对扩展青霉和深绿木霉虽然从抑制率的角度没有显著效果,但是在有效成分的作用下,引起两种霉菌菌丝畸形,扩展青霉出现原生质凝缩,出现空泡的现象。
(二)甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2的挥发性物质对枇杷腐败菌的体内抑制效果:
1.枇杷的预处理:选取无机械损伤、未感染、大小和成熟度基本一致的同一批次的枇杷,用0.2%次氯酸钠浸泡消毒1-2min,用自来水冲洗干净。用灭菌后的打孔器在其表面分别打孔(直径为5mm,深3mm),待用。
2.把接种了甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2的LB平板放在塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,放入32℃下培养12h,备用。
3.病原菌:尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum)、葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeriasp.)、深绿木霉(Trichodermaatroviride)、胶孢炭疽菌 (Colletotrichumgloeosporioides)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),分离于自然腐烂的枇杷,经过ITS DNA鉴定确定其种属。
活化和制备:分别用接种环挑一环致病霉菌,接入PDA试管斜面的培养基上,在25℃培养3-7d,重复传代培养2次。取霉菌斜面一支,用接种针勾取少量菌,溶于含2mL无菌生理盐水的离心管中,将其混合均匀后,在显微镜下用血球计数板对其进行计数,霉菌悬液通过计算及稀释使其最终孢子浓度为104 CFU/mL。
4.向枇杷的伤口内加入20μL 104CFU/mL的霉菌孢子悬液,等处理过的枇杷伤口处干燥,将这些处理过的枇杷放在有芽孢杆菌平板的塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,以保持湿度,并将其置于25℃下保藏。做3组平行,用不接种芽孢杆菌的LB平板做对照,48h后每天定时对枇杷伤口病害发生率和病斑直径进行观察和统计,连续观察5d,结果以平均病斑直径(mm)或抑制率(%) 表示。
5.甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2产生的挥发性物质对平均病斑直径(mm)和抑制率(%)的抑制结果分别如图2和如图3所示。
甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2产生的挥发性物质在枇杷上对五种霉菌的生长都有显著的抑制效果,并且都能在一定程度上有效推迟发病时间。
有效成分在枇杷体内对霉菌的拮抗性要高于在体外实验中的拮抗效果,是由于甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2产生的挥发性物质不仅含有多种抗菌物质,还可以诱导植物产生抗病性。
(三)甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2挥发性物质对枇杷自然腐败的抑制效果:
1.枇杷的预处理:选取无机械损伤、未感染、大小和成熟度基本一致的同一批次的枇杷,简单去除表面的污渍,不需要清洗和消毒,待用。
2.把接种了甲基营养型芽孢杆菌BCN2的LB平板放在塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,放入32℃下培养12h,备用。
3.将枇杷放在有芽孢杆菌平板的塑料筐中,用PE保鲜膜进行覆盖密封,以保持湿度,并将其置于25℃下保藏。做3组平行,用不接种芽孢杆菌的平板做对照,每天定时对枇杷病害发生率进行观察和统计,结果以抑制率(%)表示。
4.实验结果如表2所示:
表2甲基营养型芽孢杆菌产生的挥发性物质对枇杷自然腐败的抑制作用
甲基营养型芽孢杆菌Bacillus methylotrophicus BCN2的挥发性物质能有效抑制枇杷病害的发病率,能延长枇杷货架期,至少能推迟枇杷发病4日,有较好的应用。
序列表
<110> 浙江大学
<120> 一种生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株及其用途
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1443
<212> DNA
<213> 甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)
<400> 1
cggggcgggt gctatactgc agtcgagcgg acagatggga gcttgctccc tgatgttagc 60
ggcggacggg tgagtaacac gtgggtaacc tgcctgtaag actgggataa ctccgggaaa 120
ccggggctaa taccggatgg ttgtctgaac cgcatggttc agacataaaa ggtggcttcg 180
gctaccactt acagatggac ccgcggcgca ttagctagtt ggtgaggtaa cggctcacca 240
aggcgacgat gcgtagccga cctgagaggg tgatcggcca cactgggact gagacacggc 300
ccagactcct acgggaggca gcagtaggga atcttccgca atggacgaaa gtctgacgga 360
gcaacgccgc gtgagtgatg aaggttttcg gatcgtaaag ctctgttgtt agggaagaac 420
aagtgccgtt caaatagggc ggcaccttga cggtacctaa ccagaaagcc acggctaact 480
acgtgccagc agccgcggta atacgtaggt ggcaagcgtt gtccggaatt attgggcgta 540
aagggctcgc aggcggtttc ttaagtctga tgtgaaagcc cccggctcaa ccggggaggg 600
tcattggaaa ctggggaact tgagtgcaga agaggagagt ggaattccac gtgtagcggt 660
gaaatgcgta gagatgtgga ggaacaccag tggcgaaggc gactctctgg tctgtaactg 720
acgctgagga gcgaaagcgt ggggagcgaa caggattaga taccctggta gtccacgccg 780
taaacgatga gtgctaagtg ttagggggtt tccgcccctt agtgctgcag ctaacgcatt 840
aagcactccg cctggggagt acggtcgcaa gactgaaact caaaggaatt gacgggggcc 900
cgcacaagcg gtggagcatg tggtttaatt cgaagcaacg cgaagaacct taccaggtct 960
tgactcctct gacatcctag agataggacg tccccttcgg gggcagagtg acaggtggtg 1020
catggttgtc gtcagctcgt gtcgtgagat gttgggttaa gtcccgcaac gagcgcaacc 1080
cttgatctta gttgccagca ttcagttggg cactctaagg tgactgccgg tgacaaaccg 1140
gaggaaggtg gggatgacgt caaatcatca tgccccttat gacctgggct acacacgtgc 1200
tacaatggac agaacaaagg gcagcgaaac cgcgaggtta agccaatccc acaaatctgt 1260
tctcagttcg gatcgcagtc tgcaactcga ctgcgtgaag ctggaatcgc tagtaatcgc 1320
ggatcagcat gccgcggtga atacgttccc gggccttgta cacaccgccc gtcacaccac 1380
gagagtttgt aacacccgaa gtcggtgagg taacctctag gagccagccg ccgaagggtt 1440
tcg 1443
Claims (5)
1.一种生防用甲基营养型芽孢杆菌菌株,其特征在于:保藏名称为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)BCN2,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏号为CGMCC No: 16443,保藏日期为2018年09月10日。
2.一种如权利要求1所述菌株的发酵方法,其特征在于:将权利要求1所述的菌株在LB培养基中22-37℃培养12-16 h;然后重复传代培养2次,挑取适量甲基营养型芽孢杆菌加入到含有50 mL LB液体培养基的锥形瓶中,在150-200 rpm、22-37℃的摇床中振荡培养12-16h。
3.如权利要求2所述发酵方法获得的发酵液。
4.权利要求3所述发酵液用于制备防治枇杷采后腐败制剂中的应用。
5.一种防治枇杷采后腐败的方法,其特征在于:
1)将权利要求1所述菌株接种于LB培养基中得培养液,或使用权利要求3所述发酵液;稀释培养液或发酵液,使得菌浓度为107-1010 CFU/mL;
2)将枇杷与步骤1)中稀释后的培养液或发酵液按照1 kg:0.3 L的比例放在同一密闭空间进行熏蒸,保持80%-95%的相对湿度,置于22-30℃下保藏。
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