CN109177428A - 一种复合板材的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合板材的制作方法,属于复合板材领域,将发泡树脂芯块和加强梁交错布置形成芯材层,每一发泡树脂芯块的对向的两个侧面均具有一条加强梁;将与加强梁成夹角的面板覆盖至芯材层端面后对面板施加朝向芯材层的结合压力,从而使得,粘结用的树脂在发泡树脂芯块侧面与加强梁侧面之间建立粘合,并且,粘结用的树脂在发泡树脂芯块端面与面板之间、加强梁端面与面板之间同时建立粘合。本发明通过加强梁与发泡树脂芯块的同时作为面板受压结合的支撑,大大增强了整个复合板材的强度,使得制作时以及成型后复合板材具有更强的抗冲击性,而且上述的这种受压结合能够促使树脂粘合相应的部件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合板材领域,特别是涉及一种复合板材的制作方法。
背景技术
轻型复合板一般至少具有三层结构,其包括位于中间的芯材及在芯材上、下表面的面板。进行这一类复合板制作时,往往是将面板粘贴至芯材表面且施加一定的压力。该过程中,由于芯材不一定具有很好的刚性和强度,那么则容易形成过分的压缩变形,对于复合板的整体构造形成破坏。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供一种复合板材的制作方法,其在制作时及制作后,复合板材均具有足够的结构强度。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种复合板材的制作方法,将发泡树脂芯块和加强梁交错布置形成芯材层,每一发泡树脂芯块的对向的两个侧面均具有一条加强梁;
将与加强梁成夹角的面板覆盖至芯材层端面后对面板施加朝向芯材层的结合压力,
从而使得,
粘结用的树脂在发泡树脂芯块侧面与加强梁侧面之间建立粘合,
并且,粘结用的树脂在发泡树脂芯块端面与面板之间、加强梁端面与面板之间同时建立粘合。
作为本发明的进一步改进,建立粘合后的所有树脂连成一体。
作为本发明的进一步改进,依次将面板结合至芯材层的两个端面,两端面板结合的时间间隔为对应位置树脂的干燥时间。
作为本发明的进一步改进,粘合前和粘合过程中的树脂温度保持在15℃以上。
作为本发明的进一步改进,覆盖面板前,芯材层的端面平齐。
作为本发明的进一步改进,从面板中沿其宽度方向裁切出所述加强梁。
作为本发明的进一步改进,将发泡树脂芯块的端角在邻近加强梁端面的位置做倒角处理,使得在倒角处形成树脂的填充间隙。
作为本发明的进一步改进,将至少一条加强梁布置成与面板成40°~90°的夹角。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在面板表面涂覆功能涂层。
本发明还涉及使用上述制作方法制作而成的复合板材。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明通过加强梁与发泡树脂芯块的同时作为面板受压结合的支撑,大大增强了整个复合板材的强度,使得制作时以及成型后复合板材具有更强的抗冲击性,而且上述的这种受压结合能够促使树脂粘合相应的部件。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明进一步说明。
图1是复合板材第一实施例的示意图;
图2是复合板材第二实施例的示意图;
图3是复合板材第三实施例的示意图;
图4是复合板材第四实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的复合板材,包括芯材层及分别位于芯材层两端端面的面板4,两端的面板4通过作为粘结材料的树脂紧密连接芯材层的端面而没有空隙。芯材层包括若干个发泡树脂芯块1,这些发泡树脂芯块1预制成合适的形状,比如是方形,其两侧及上下端均具有较为平坦的面。复合板材还包括若干条加强梁2,优选的加强梁为片状并沿复合板材的宽度方向延伸,每一发泡树脂芯块的对向的两个侧面均具有一条加强梁2。也即实施例中可以看作是加强梁2与面板4将复合板材间隔出多个腔室,而发泡树脂芯块1则被充满在这些腔室中。
上述复合板材可以通过以下的方法进行制作:
将多个发泡树脂芯块1和多条加强梁2交错布置形成芯材层,每一发泡树脂芯块的对向的两个侧面均具有一条加强梁;
将面板4覆盖至芯材层端面后对面板4施加朝向芯材层的结合压力,其中加强梁与面板4成一夹角,该夹角使得加强梁能够支撑至少一端的面板,甚至是同时支撑两端面板;
上述的过程中,预先涂覆在发泡树脂芯块1侧面与加强梁2侧面之间的树脂受到挤压而建立发泡树脂芯块侧面与加强梁侧面之间粘合;
与此同时,预先涂覆在发泡树脂芯块端面与面板4之间的树脂3、加强梁2端面与面板4之间的树脂3受到挤压而建立上述彼此之间的粘合。
上述的制作方法中,通过加强梁2与发泡树脂芯块1同时作为面板4受压结合的支撑,大大增强了整个复合板材的强度,使得制作时以及成型后复合板材具有更强的抗冲击性。
复合板材成型之后,面板4、加强梁2和各发泡树脂芯块1形成一个整体,由于加强梁2、发泡树脂芯块1相互固定连接并均与面板固定连接,那么加强梁2、发泡树脂芯块1均能够同时承受外部对面板的压力以及冲击而使得复合板材不易变形、损坏,也即相比于现有技术中仅仅依靠芯材来承受冲击、压力的情况,实施例中的复合板材其结构强度以及刚度均更高。
上述的复合板材中,优选的面板的材料为玻璃纤维增强塑料或者碳纤维增强塑料,能够适应于多个应用场合,如活动板房、承重墙、天花板等。
优选的实施例中,当面板与芯材层结合牢固后,在面板的外表面涂覆功能涂层5,能够对整个复合板材表面形成保护覆盖,根据复合板材的应用场合涂覆不同的材质,如防水的涂料、防腐蚀的涂料或者是防剐蹭的涂料,以达到不同的功能效果。较优的功能涂层5为防腐纳米无机涂层,比如是无机纳米复合陶瓷涂料,其具有防水、防火、防腐、耐磨、绝缘等多种优点。
以上所述的是芯材层为单层的结构的情况,在某些情况下,芯材层可以有多层的结构,即如图2所示,其他构造与图1中的构造相同的前提下,每个发泡树脂芯块至少具有两层的小芯块11,预先在两个小芯块的接触面涂覆树脂,并重复上述单层结构的制作过程,利用压力和树脂建立两个小芯块11之间的粘合。
在上述的复合板材各个部分建立粘合之后,所有用于粘结的树脂连成一体。优选的树脂为花样树脂,若采用多层结构的芯材层,将相邻小芯块粘接的材料也为环氧树脂。由此一来,复合板材的结合部位均是环氧树脂材料并且这些树脂在定型之后连成一个整体,可以达到同类材料的完全融合,不存在冷热伸缩开裂问题。
当需要对芯材层的两个端面均覆盖面板时,需要依次将面板结合至芯材层的两个端面,两端面板结合的时间间隔为对应位置树脂的干燥时间。比如先连接上端端面的面板,粘合之后等面板干燥,之后翻转芯材层和已经粘合的面板,使芯材层另一端向上露出,再粘合另一块面板。
考虑到环氧树脂或者树脂在低温下会凝固,为此在粘合前和粘合过程中的树脂温度保持在15℃以上,那么用于进行施压、涂覆的工位位置均应该保持在15℃以上,这些位置可以通过额外的加热手段进行;也可以是在生产车间保温制热,而在粘合后的工位中对复合板材额外的降温。
实施例中,覆盖面板前,将发泡树脂芯块1的上、下端面分别设置成平齐于加强梁2的上、下端面,即芯材层的端面平齐,之后在施加压力,使得压力同时作用在发泡树脂芯块1与加强梁2表面,避免局部受力造成的板材损坏。
实施例中,加强梁2与面板4具有相同的材质,较优的材质为玻璃纤维增强塑料。面板可以用复合成型的方式制作出来,而所述的加强梁优选是从连接施加压力前的面板中沿面板的宽度方向裁切出来,保证加强梁的宽度与面板的宽度基本一致而无需额外的更多的工序。
参考图3的实施例,将发泡树脂芯块1的端角在邻近加强梁2端面的位置做倒角处理,使得在倒角处形成树脂的填充间隙6。
该位置的填充间隙6可以使得面板4、加强梁2、发泡树脂芯块1结合时受到挤压的环氧树脂能够有合适的位置流动且储存在填充间隙6内,待环氧树脂固化之后,树脂与面板4的接触面积相当于图1的实施例来说增大了很多,实际上接触面积增大的这些部分等于是增大了加强梁2受力面积,而且树脂的部分具有较高的韧性,从而在复合板材受到弯曲、扭转载荷中能够传递剪切和扭转应力,这有利地减少了材料的应力和潜在的失效。
参考图4,制作复合板材的过程中,将至少一条加强梁布置成与面板成40°~90°的夹角。成90°的夹角即加强梁2竖直的情况。在夹角小于90°的情况下,加强梁21从斜向支撑着面板4,其相对于竖直设置来说更能承受如斜向力F的冲击,使复合板材不变形,最优选的夹角为45°。
另外,还可以进一步如下布置:其余加强梁中的至少一条加强梁22与面板4在长度方向上成90°~130°的夹角。该成90°~130°夹角加强梁22与上述40°~90°的夹角是对应的并且优选是平面对称的,其更能承受如斜向力f的冲击。
容易理解的,成40°~90°的夹角或者成90°~130°的夹角只是参考的方向有所区别,实际上,这两种夹角均可以理解成40°~90°的夹角的情况。
当上述两条成夹角的加强梁21、22或者更多与之平行的加强梁存在时,复合板材承受不仅能承受正向的冲击、压力,亦能承受斜向的冲击和压力。
以上所述只是本发明优选的实施方式,其并不构成对本发明保护范围的限制。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:
将发泡树脂芯块和加强梁交错布置形成芯材层,每一发泡树脂芯块的对向的两个侧面均具有一条加强梁;
将与加强梁成夹角的面板覆盖至芯材层端面后对面板施加朝向芯材层的结合压力,
从而使得,
粘结用的树脂在发泡树脂芯块侧面与加强梁侧面之间建立粘合,
并且,粘结用的树脂在发泡树脂芯块端面与面板之间、加强梁端面与面板之间同时建立粘合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:建立粘合后的所有树脂连成一体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:依次将面板结合至芯材层的两个端面,两端面板结合的时间间隔为对应位置树脂的干燥时间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:粘合前和粘合过程中的树脂温度保持在15℃以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:覆盖面板前,芯材层的端面平齐。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:从面板中沿其宽度方向裁切出所述加强梁。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:将发泡树脂芯块的端角在邻近加强梁端面的位置做倒角处理,使得在倒角处形成树脂的填充间隙。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:将至少一条加强梁布置成与面板成40°~90°的夹角。
9.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的复合板材的制作方法,其特征在于:在面板表面涂覆功能涂层。
10.由权利要求1至9中任一项所述复合板材的制作方法制作的复合板材。
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JPH079603A (ja) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-13 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 建築用板材 |
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CN101032876A (zh) * | 2007-04-10 | 2007-09-12 | 南京工业大学 | 点阵增强型复合材料夹层结构 |
CN207416199U (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-29 | 株洲宏大高分子材料有限公司 | 一种新型轻量化三明治结构复合板材 |
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JPH079603A (ja) * | 1993-06-28 | 1995-01-13 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 建築用板材 |
CN101032876A (zh) * | 2007-04-10 | 2007-09-12 | 南京工业大学 | 点阵增强型复合材料夹层结构 |
CN207416199U (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-29 | 株洲宏大高分子材料有限公司 | 一种新型轻量化三明治结构复合板材 |
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