CN109172548B - 叶黄素及其衍生物在制备抗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用 - Google Patents
叶黄素及其衍生物在制备抗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及海洋药物领域,具体公开了坛紫菜中叶黄素的提取分离纯化方法以及叶黄素对恶性脑胶质瘤细胞的体外活性研究,最后对叶黄素抑制U87细胞迁移的机制进行了探究。本发明经超声波辅助有机溶剂对坛紫菜进行提取,并通过硅胶柱层析联合Sephadex LH‑20层析的方法获得的叶黄素具有较高的纯度,能够显著抑制U87细胞和U251细胞的增殖,对U87细胞的迁移能力具有明显的抑制作用,显著的促进U87细胞的凋亡,有效下调了U87细胞中p‑p38 MAPK、p‑ERK1/2、p‑MEK等与迁移相关的信号蛋白的表达。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于海洋药物开发领域,具体涉及坛紫菜中叶黄素的提取、分离纯化及结构鉴定,叶黄素的体外抗脑胶质细胞的活性研究及其抗脑胶质瘤细胞迁移的机制探究。
技术背景
脑胶质瘤是最常见的原发性脑肿瘤,占所有原发性中枢神经系统肿瘤的32%。世卫组织(WHO)将脑胶质瘤分为四级,其中一半以上是恶性程度最高的多形性胶质母细胞(GBM),GBM具有局部异质性和高度侵袭性,生长速度快,使得手术彻底切除困难,极易复发,且极易产生耐药性。并且由于血脑屏障的存在,使得绝大多数药物不能直接到达肿瘤部位,目前血脑屏障的结构并十分清楚,特别是转用机制并不清晰,故并非所有脂溶性的化合物都可以通过血脑屏障,研究表明只有某些特定结构的脂溶性化合物才不受血脑屏障的限制,因此导致恶性胶质瘤治疗困难,预后差。因此,有必要开发脂溶性的小分子化合物用于脑胶质瘤的治疗研究。
目前临床上常用的治疗脑胶质瘤的一线化疗药物是替莫唑胺,替莫唑胺是一种烷化剂,口服具有良好的生物学利用度和中枢神经系统通透性,但根据目前循环医学的证据表明,其临床效果也是不尽如人意,采用目前标准的替莫唑胺辅助化疗,新诊断GBM的5年生存率仅为9.8%,且极容易产生耐药性和全身性毒副作用,绝大多数患者仍难以避免肿瘤复发。因此,开发多靶点联合抑制剂可能是一种重要的尝试。而从天然产物中寻找具有抗肿瘤活性的成分或化合物,一直是抗肿瘤药物研发的热点。而且天然产物往往是通过多重药物靶点发挥作用的,除了直接作用于肿瘤细胞,还能够通过调节机体免疫机能,间接发挥抗肿瘤的作用,另外天然药物的毒副作用较小,药效较温和。在天然药物资源中,海洋生物资源是目前保留最完整且最具新药开发潜力的领域。其中研究最多的海洋植物主要包括红藻类、褐藻类、绿藻类、微藻类和红树林植物。这些海洋植物不仅是重要的食物来源,还含有许多丰富的生物活性物质,如卤代萜类、多酚类、脂类、多糖类和多肽类,这些物质大多数具有良好的抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、增强机体免疫力等功效,具有重要的药用价值,为新药开发提供了重要的来源,是天药物开发的研究热点之一。紫菜,隶属于红藻门,是一种重要的经济型海藻,种类较多,主要有条斑紫菜、坛紫菜、甘紫菜等。紫菜营养物质十分丰富,富含蛋白质、脂肪、多糖、胡萝卜素、膳食纤维以及多种维生素和矿物质。紫菜中含碘量很高,可用于辅助治疗因缺碘引起的甲状腺肿大。紫菜不仅是沿海居民重要的食物来源,同时还具有良好的药用价值。我国民间对紫菜的药用价值利用具有很悠久的历史,《本草纲目》记载,紫菜味甘、性寒,具有软坚散结、清热利尿等功效,对甲状腺肿大、慢性气管炎、动脉粥样硬化等具有较好的治疗作用。近几年,国内外对紫菜的药用价值的研究主要集中在紫菜多糖和蛋白质两方面,但有关紫菜中脂类化合物的抗肿瘤活性的文献报道较少,尤其是抗脑胶质瘤的活性未见有文献报道。
叶黄素(lutein),又名“植物黄体素”,是一种广泛存在于蔬菜、花卉、水果与某些藻类生物中的天然色素,是一种重要的类胡萝卜素。叶黄素溶于石油醚,乙酸乙酯,难溶或不溶于乙醇,呈橙黄色。由叶黄素的结构式可知,其链末端含有两个羟基基团,由8个异戊二烯为单位所组成的共轭烯烃。在类胡萝卜素中,叶黄素与胡萝卜素不同。其一,分子结构的区别,叶黄素是含氧化合物,比胡萝卜素的链末端多两个羟基。叶黄素分子有一条含40个碳原子的长链,并含有多个共轭双键使叶黄素具有鲜明的颜色。其二,叶黄素直链尾部的环上各带一个羟基,由于氧原子的电负性较强,故羟基的影响使叶黄素的直链不饱和键更容易打开并与自由基结合,因此普遍认为叶黄素比胡萝卜素具有更强的抗氧化性。其独特的化学结构及组成决定了其独特的生物学功能,大量研究表明,在诸如老年性黄斑变性、肺癌、皮肤癌、动脉粥样硬化等疾病中,叶黄素是一种潜在的候选药物。叶黄素的强抗氧化性不仅能抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,还能预防肿瘤的发生,因此,成为很多国内外专家研究的热点。目前,叶黄素人工化学合成困难,故只能通过天然植物提取。目前并无报道叶黄素抗脑胶质瘤的活性。
发明内容
本发明提供叶黄素及其衍生物治疗抗脑胶质瘤的新用途。
叶黄素及其衍生物在制备治疗抗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用。
所述的叶黄素及其衍生物在制备治疗抗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述叶黄素是从坛紫菜中提取获得。所述的叶黄素及其衍生物在制备治疗抗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的叶黄素是通过以下步骤制备获得:1)取干燥紫菜,粉碎;2)按料液比1:7将紫菜粉末加入95%乙醇溶液中,超声处理30min,静止浸提7天,每天早晚各摇晃混匀一次,浸提液抽滤,旋蒸浓缩,回收溶剂,重复浸提共3次,合并滤液,旋蒸浓缩;3)将浸提物用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,各个有机相静止萃取4h,重复三次,合并萃取液,旋蒸浓缩;4)将石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相合并,用硅胶柱层析进行初步纯化,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:0,9:1,8:2,7:3,6:4,获得叶黄素粗品;5)将叶黄素粗品用SephadexLH-20柱层析进行进一步纯化,流动相为氯仿:甲醇=1:1,流速为7~8s/滴,将收集的洗脱样品放置干燥,析出结晶,得到叶黄素纯品。
具体来说本发明通过采用超声波辅助95%的乙醇溶液提取的方法,对坛紫菜中的脂溶性化合物进行提取。本发明通过石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇对坛紫菜提取物进行分级萃取,并采用MTT法进行活性部位筛选,证实了活性部位为石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相。本发明采用硅胶柱层析联合Sephadex LH-20的方法对活性部位的组分进行分离纯化,获得组分叶黄素,并采用薄层色谱法进行检测,通过MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HMBC和HSQC进行结构鉴定。
叶黄素经过结构改造可以得到两大类衍生物:1.脱去一分子水得到脱水衍生物,所使用的方法包含但不限于以下方法:a)将叶黄素在酸的催化作用下脱水;b)与磺酰氯反应成酯后再在碱性条件下消除。2.对叶黄素的羟基分别或同时进行酯化反应,得到酯化衍生物,其中的酯基为取代或未取代的烷基,取代或未取代的环烷基,取代或者未取代的C6~C14芳基,取代或为取代的C3~C9杂芳基;所述取代的烷基中的取代基为C1~C3的烷基、C1~C3的烷氧基或卤素;所述取代的环烷基中的取代基为C1~C3的烷基、C1~C3的烷氧基或卤素;所述取代的芳基或杂芳基中的取代基为C1~C3的烷基、C1~C3的烷氧基、C2~C3的烯基、卤素或氰基中的一种或者多种,每种取代基的数目为0、1或多个,取代基位置为芳环或杂芳环上任意可取代位置,所述杂芳环基中的杂原子为氮、氧或硫。合成方法和条件均为此类反应的常规方法和条件,包括但不仅限于以下方法:a)使用相应的酸和缩合剂;b)使用相应的酰氯,在碱性催化剂(如三乙胺)催化下反应;c)使用相应的酸酐,在碱性催化剂(如吡啶)催化下反应。本发明采用MTT法检测发现提取的叶黄素对脑胶质瘤细胞具有显著的增殖抑制作用,确定对U87细胞和U251细胞的IC50值分别为91.04μM和104.8μM,且剂量依赖性良好。本发明证实了叶黄素对U87细胞的迁移具有显著的抑制能力。本发明通过流式细胞术检测发现叶黄素对U87细胞具有显著的促进晚期凋亡作用,对细胞周期的阻滞作用不明显。本发明通过Western Blot检测叶黄素对U87细胞中与迁移相关的信号蛋白表达的影响,发现叶黄素显著下调了U87细胞中p-p-38MAPK、p-ERK1/2、p-MEK蛋白的表达,但对总蛋白的表达无明显作用。
有益效果
1、本发明首先发现叶黄素可以通过血脑屏障发挥治疗脑胶质瘤的作用。虽然叶黄素文献报道可以具有治疗在诸如老年性黄斑变性、肺癌、皮肤癌、动脉粥样硬化等疾病,且其为脂溶性化合物,但不足于说明其一定可以通过血脑屏障,发明人经过大量实验首次发现其可以通过血脑屏障,但具体机制不明。
附图说明
图1显示萃取后的石油醚相(A)、乙酸乙酯相(B)和正丁醇相(C);
图2显示石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的薄层色谱结果图,由图可知石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相所含成分相近;
图3显示U87细胞的增殖曲线,确定U87细胞的最佳接种密度为60000个/mL,加药时间为细胞接种后24h,药物作用时间为48h;
图4显示纯化后的叶黄素薄层色谱图,在三种不同的展开体系中叶黄素较纯;
图5~图9显示叶黄素的MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HMBC和HSQC图谱结果;
图10显示U251细胞的增殖曲线图;
图11显示叶黄素(A)和阳性药替莫唑胺(B)对U87细胞的增殖抑制曲线,确定叶黄素对U87细胞的IC50值为91.04μM;
图12显示叶黄素(A)和阳性药替莫唑胺(B)对U251细胞的增殖抑制曲线,确定叶黄素对U251细胞的IC50值为104.8μM;
图13显示叶黄素对U87细胞的细胞划痕实验图,检测叶黄素对U87细胞的迁移抑制能力;图14显示替莫唑胺对U87细胞的细胞划痕实验图,检测替莫唑胺对U87细胞的迁移抑制
能力;
图15显示叶黄素和替莫唑胺对U87细胞迁移率的柱状图。与阴性对照组比,叶黄素在浓度为22.5μM(***,p<0.0001)、45μM(***,p<0.0001)和90μM(***,p<0.0001)时对U87细胞的迁移具有明显的抑制作用,并且呈现一定的剂量依赖性;
图16显示叶黄素和替莫唑胺对U87细胞的凋亡实验图,与对照组相比,F9号样品对U87细胞具有明显的促进晚期凋亡的作用,在90μM、45μM和22.5μM时,对U87细胞的凋亡率分别为62.5%、50.2%和60%,相比替莫唑胺,F9促进U87细胞晚期凋亡的作用更强一些;
图17显示叶黄素和替莫唑胺对U87细胞的周期阻滞实验图,与对照组相比,叶黄素对U87细胞的周期阻滞作用不明显;
图18显示叶黄素和替莫唑胺对U87细胞的周期阻滞实验结果柱状图;
图19显示叶黄素显著下调U87细胞中p-p38MAPK蛋白的表达;
图20显示叶黄素显著下调了U87细胞中p-ERK1/2蛋白的表达,A为WB结果,B为ERK1/2表达结果,C为p-ERK1/2表达结果;
图21显示叶黄素显著下调了U87细胞中p-MEK蛋白的表达,A为WB结果,B为MEK表达结果,C为p-MEK表达结果;
图22.叶黄素标准品的HPLC图;
图23空白组的HPLC图;
图24小鼠给药30min的HPLC图;图25小鼠给药40min的HPLC图;
图26小鼠给药50min的HPLC图。
具体实施方式
下面结合一些实例并参照图表数据对本发明做进一步的说明。应理解,这些实施例只是为了举例说明本发明,而非以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1坛紫菜中化学成分的提取及活性部位筛选
将坛紫菜粉碎成粉末,浸泡于95%的乙醇溶液中,料液比为1:7,超声处理30min,连续浸提7天,将浸提液抽滤,在50℃下低压旋蒸浓缩,依次采用等体积的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行静止萃取,每种有机相连续萃取3次,每次萃取4h,并分别合并各个有机相,低压旋蒸浓缩的固体浸膏(图1),用薄层色谱法对三种萃取相进行检测(图2)。采用RTCA法测定U87细胞的增殖曲线(图3),最后确定细胞的最佳接种密度为60000个/mL,加药时间为细胞接种后24h,药物作用时间为48h。分别将石油醚和乙酸乙酯合并相、正丁醇相用DMSO溶解,配制成浓度为1mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、0.25mg/mL的溶液,用MTT法筛选活性部位。在570nm和490nm波长下检测其吸光度,计算抑制率(见表1)。
表1抑制率
实施例2叶黄素的分离纯化及结构鉴定
采用硅胶柱色谱对石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取相的合并相进行初步分离纯化,步骤如下:①拌样(制砂):用适量石油醚和乙酸乙酯将适量浸膏溶解于500mL圆底烧瓶,加入适量200-300目硅胶,旋蒸制砂,要求吸附彻底,松散不结成团。②装柱:采用干法上样,样品砂和硅胶的高度比约为1:20,装柱总高度约为柱高3/4。用石油醚润柱,并用加压器压实。③洗脱:以石油醚-乙酸乙酯洗脱液梯度洗脱,比例依次为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:0,9:1,8:2,7:3,6:4,收集7:3~6:4洗脱条件下的组分,最后用甲醇冲柱。④收集:将洗脱下来的叶黄素粗品旋蒸浓缩,薄层色谱检查。⑤检测:取少量样品,用适当的溶剂溶解,然后用玻璃点样毛细管蘸取少量点在薄层层析板上,检测组分的纯度(图4)。将所得叶黄素粗品采用SephadexLH-20做进一步的纯化,流动相为氯仿:甲醇=1:1,流速为7~8s一滴。用薄层色谱法进行检测(图4)。采用MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HMBC和HSQC进行结构鉴定(图5~图9)。
实施例3叶黄素脱水
将底物叶黄素(1g,1.76mmol)加入至6ml浓盐酸与60m水的混合溶剂中,加入完毕后加热回流反应。反应结束后用乙醚(30ml×3)萃取,合并有机相,干燥后柱层析得到目标产物0.8g,收率83%。
实施例4叶黄素脱水
将底物叶黄素(1g,1.76mmol)加入至10ml无水吡啶中,搅拌下加入乙酰氯(145mg,1.848mmol),室温下搅拌反应。反应结束后用10%的稀盐酸将反应液调制PH至5-6,静置后抽滤,用水洗涤滤饼,干燥的目标产物0.7g,收率65%。
实施例5叶黄素对恶性脑胶质瘤细胞U87和U251的增殖抑制实验
将处于增殖期的细胞制成细胞悬液,调节浓度,每孔加100μL,使待测细胞的密度为6×104cells/mL,细胞培养箱内培养约24h,至单层细胞铺满孔底,加入不同浓度的样品,6个梯度,分别为200μM,100μM,50μM,25μM,12.5μM,6.25μM,每孔100μL,设置4个复孔。5%CO2,37℃孵育48小时,倒置显微镜下观察。每孔加入20μLMTT溶液(5mg/mL,即0.5%MTT),继续在CO2细胞培养箱内孵育4h。停止培养,吸除培养液。每孔加入100μLDMSO,于脱色摇床上振摇10分钟,使晶体状态的甲瓒溶解。在全波长酶标仪OD570nm处测量96孔吸光值。实验数据经Graphpad软件处理,计算其IC50值(图11,图12)。
实施例6叶黄素对U87细胞的迁移抑制实验
细胞迁移实验采用的是细胞划痕愈合模型,采用细胞划痕实验评价F9对U87细胞、U251细胞的迁移能力的影响。将细胞接种于12孔板中,细胞密度为30万/孔。过夜培养后,细胞铺满形成细胞单层。使用无菌的10μL枪头将细胞单层划出1约1mm宽的无细胞的“划痕”区域,用PBS润洗两遍,洗去游离的细胞,加入新鲜的含有不同浓度药物的完全培养液(终浓度为90μM,45μM,22.5μM),培养液的血清浓度为3%。在加药后0h,48h用倒置显微镜拍照,观察划痕区域并拍照。计算各个浓度的药物对细胞迁移的抑制率(图13、图14、图15)。
实施例7叶黄素对U87细胞的凋亡检测和细胞周期阻滞实验
取处于对数生长期的U87细胞,用0.25%胰蛋白酶溶液消化后,加入适量含血清的新鲜DMEM培养基终止消化,离心(1000rpm,离心5min),小心吸弃上层培养基。用少量培养基重悬细胞,吹散细胞块,血球计数板计数,调整细胞悬液浓度为1.5×105个/mL,用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养基均匀接种于6孔细胞培养板中,每孔2ml,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱内培养使细胞贴壁生长。细胞贴壁生长后,吸弃旧培养基,更换为1%FBS的新鲜培养基,过夜培养进行饥饿处理。将化合物F9和替莫唑胺用含5%FBS的DMEM培养基稀释化合物,使化合物F9终浓度为90μM,45μM,22.5μM,替莫唑胺的终浓度为80μM,40μM,20μM。培养板中加入含药培养基,每孔2mL,置于5%CO2,37℃孵育48h。药物处理后,小心吸弃培养液,加入1mL PBS润洗2次,加入400μL的不含EDTA的胰蛋白酶溶液消化3min,加入600μL含血清DMEM培养基终止消化,吹落细胞,收集入1.5mL的EP管。对于细胞凋亡检测,收集后的细胞使用冷的PBS洗涤2次,使用1×Binding Buffer重悬细胞,调整细胞浓度为1×106/mL。取100μL细胞悬液(1×105个细胞)加入至5mL的流式管中,加入5μL FITC标记的Annexin V和5μL PI染液,轻混均匀,室温孵育15min,避光保存,每管加入400μL的1×Binding Buffer,1小时内使用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡(图16)。对于细胞周期阻滞检测,收集后的细胞培养液,离心(2000rpm,离心5min),小心吸弃上清,使用1mL PBS清洗一次,离心,小心吸弃上清,使用1mL 70%乙醇重悬细胞,固定12h。细胞固定后,离心,小心吸弃上清,使用1mL PBS重悬细胞清洗,离心,小心吸弃上清,500μL缓冲液重悬,加入2μl的RNA酶(使终浓度为2.5mg/mL),37℃孵育30min,加入5μL的PI染液,4℃避光保存15min,适量稀释后使用流式细胞仪进行检测(图17,18)。
实施例8 Western Blot检测叶黄素对U87细胞中与迁移相关的信号蛋白表达的影响
取处于对数生长期的U87细胞,用PBS清洗后,加入胰蛋白酶溶液消化,加入适量含血清的新鲜DMEM培养基终止消化,离心(1000rpm,离心5min),小心吸弃上层培养基。用少量培养基重悬细胞,吹散细胞块,血球计数板计数,调整细胞悬液浓度为1.5×105个/ml,用含10%FBS的DMEM培养基均匀接种于6孔细胞培养板中,每孔2ml,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱内培养使细胞贴壁生长。24h后细胞贴壁,吸弃旧培养基,更换为1%FBS的新鲜培养基,过夜培养进行饥饿处理。将化合物F9和替莫唑胺分别用含5%FBS的DMEM培养基进行浓度稀释,使F9的终浓度为90μM,45μM,22.5μM,替莫唑胺的终浓度为80μM,40μM。培养板中加入含药培养基,每孔2mL,置于5%CO2,37℃孵育48h。药物处理后,小心吸弃培养液,加入1mL PBS润洗2次,每孔加入100μL胰蛋白酶溶液消化3min,加入600μL含血清DMEM培养基终止消化,吹落细胞,收集入1.5mL的EP管,对应做好标记。将收集的细胞离心(2000rpm,5min,4℃),小心吸弃上清,使用1ml预冷的PBS清洗1次,离心(2000rpm,5min,4℃),弃上清,每管加入200μL RIPA细胞裂解液,细胞裂解液临用前向其中加入1%PMSF和1%的磷酸酶抑制剂混合物,每5min涡旋振荡1次,共6次,为使细胞裂解彻底可以多震荡几次,细胞裂解过程全程冰浴进行。细胞裂解后,4℃离心(12000rpm,10min)收集上清。收集的细胞裂解蛋白液使用BCA试剂盒测定总蛋白浓度。剩余的各蛋白样品,保存在-80℃备用。按操作步骤将电泳玻璃板夹紧,制备分离胶(10%)和浓缩胶(5%),将胶转入电泳槽中固定,加入电极缓冲液,各蛋白样品上样25μg,电泳条件为浓缩胶80V,分离胶120V。电泳完毕后将胶取出,浸泡于膜转移缓冲液中,将PVDF膜用少量甲醇活化后,与吸水滤纸一起浸泡在膜转移缓冲液中15min,按从下到上顺序放置吸水滤纸、蛋白电泳胶、PVDF膜和吸水滤纸,每加一层都应除去气泡,转膜条件为300mA,45min。膜转移结束后,将PVDF膜与蛋白电泳胶接触的正面标记好,根据内参蛋白β-actin(43KD)和检测目的蛋白的大小,按照转到PVDF膜上的预染蛋白Marker大小剪开膜,分别同时进行以下操作,放入封闭缓冲液中,于37℃封闭2h。封闭结束后使用TBST洗涤3次,每次5min。加入一抗(抗体用封闭缓冲液进行稀释,具体稀释度根据抗体说明进行),置于4℃过夜孵育。使用TBST洗涤5次,每次5min。加入二抗(抗体用封闭缓冲液进行稀释,具体稀释度根据抗体说明进行),37℃孵育1.5h,使用TBST洗涤6次,每次5min。使用ECL显影液(A液和B液按1:1混合,现配现用),滴于膜正面,在化学发光成像仪下曝光显影。使用Image J进行灰度分析。以阴性对照组为标准,计算目的蛋白各加药浓度下相对表达水平。药物浓度下相对表达量=(加药浓度下目的蛋白灰度值/对应药物浓度下内参蛋白灰度值)÷(阴性对照组目的蛋白灰度值/阴性组内参蛋白灰度值),结果见图19和20。
实施例9叶黄素通过血脑屏障体内研究
1.1实验试剂、耗材
2.1、叶黄素标准曲线的绘制
精密称取叶黄素原料药适量,按流动相比例甲醇溶解后制成200μg/ml的初浓度,然后按比例稀释成3.125、1.5625μg/ml、781.25、390.625、195.2、97.6、48.8ng/ml的系列溶液,取20l于446nm处进行HPLC分析。以峰面积A对浓度C(μg/ml)进行线性回归曲线的绘制。
2.2、样品制备
取6mg叶黄素标准品,加入1.5ml助溶剂,放入超声波清洗器中,37℃超声溶解30min。
2.3、叶黄素通过血脑屏障体内研究
小鼠腹腔给药:空白组小鼠腹腔注射500μl生理盐水,样品组小鼠腹腔注射500μl叶黄素样品溶液,即每只样品组小鼠给药2mg。取脑组织:样品组:分别在给药30min、40min、50min后腹腔注射200μl 10%水合氯醛,5min之后将麻醉完全的小鼠固定在实验操作台上,然后在胸骨下方一指处打开腹腔(一定小心勿伤及内脏),找到胸骨,剪开胸腔膜,暴露心脏,将0.45μm静脉输液针(提前磨成平头)插入左心室并立即用止血钳固定,剪刀剪破右心耳,然后将吸满生理盐水的注射器插入输液针口端,开始匀速推注20ml生理盐水,灌注完成后小心取出全脑。空白组:方法同上。脑组织样品的处理和测定取小鼠脑用生理盐水洗涤,将表面血液冲洗干净,滤纸吸干水分,称重。将脑剪碎,装入EP管中,加入1ml乙酸乙酯,使用匀浆器充分匀浆。然后,放入超声波清洗器中,37℃超声溶解30min,强力涡旋10min。将涡旋混匀后的脑匀浆液在10000rpm条件下离心10min,吸取上清于新的EP管中,沉淀再加入1ml乙酸乙酯,重复以上操作,合并两次乙酸乙酯层。之后放入真空干燥箱,设置温度45℃,干燥12h。待样品完全干燥后,用80μl流动相复溶。13000rpm条件下离心10min,取上清20μl进行HPLC分析。色谱柱:ODS-SP;流动相:甲醇:水(95:5,v/v);流速1.0ml/min;柱温30℃;检测波长446nm;进样量20μl。
实验结果
3.1叶黄素标准曲线绘制结果(y=166644X-2356.4,R2=0.9998)
表2为叶黄素标准曲线
C(μg/ml) | 3.125 | 1.5625 | 0.78125 | 0.390625 | 0.1952 | 0.0976 | 0.0488 |
A | 520404 | 254264 | 125244 | 66674 | 31239 | 12925 | 6146 |
3.2、叶黄素通过血脑屏障体内研究结果
表3为叶黄素通过血脑屏障体内研究结果
分组 | 标准品 | 给药30min | 给药40min | 给药50min |
A | 352193 | 19325 | 59815 | 269573 |
根据图22-26和表3的结果显示,可以发现叶黄素可以通过血脑屏障,将测得的峰面积代入所绘制的叶黄素标准曲线计算得到腹腔给药30,、40、50min后通过血脑屏障进入脑组织的叶黄素量分别为10.4,29.8,130.5ng。
结论:叶黄素可以通过血脑屏障。
Claims (3)
1.叶黄素在制备治疗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的叶黄素在制备治疗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述叶黄素是从坛紫菜中提取获得。
3.如权利要求1所述的叶黄素在制备治疗脑胶质瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述的叶黄素是通过以下步骤制备获得:1)取干燥紫菜,粉碎;2)按料液比1:7将紫菜粉末加入95%乙醇溶液中,超声处理30min,静止浸提7天,每天早晚各摇晃混匀一次,浸提液抽滤,旋蒸浓缩,回收溶剂,重复浸提共3次,合并滤液,旋蒸浓缩;3)将浸提物用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取,各个有机相静止萃取4h,重复三次,合并萃取液,旋蒸浓缩;4)将石油醚相和乙酸乙酯相合并,用硅胶柱层析进行初步纯化,流动相为石油醚:乙酸乙酯=10:0,9:1,8:2,7:3,6:4,获得叶黄素粗品;5)将叶黄素粗品用Sephadex LH-20柱层析进行进一步纯化,流动相为氯仿:甲醇=1:1,流速为7~8s/滴,将收集的洗脱样品放置干燥,析出结晶,得到叶黄素纯品。
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