CN109172546A - 利多卡因凝胶贴膏 - Google Patents

利多卡因凝胶贴膏 Download PDF

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CN109172546A
CN109172546A CN201811126829.0A CN201811126829A CN109172546A CN 109172546 A CN109172546 A CN 109172546A CN 201811126829 A CN201811126829 A CN 201811126829A CN 109172546 A CN109172546 A CN 109172546A
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lidocaine
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杨红伟
姚永波
李斐菲
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Beijing Mingze Zhonghe Medicament Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

利多卡因凝胶贴膏,所述凝胶贴膏由背衬层、药物储库和保护层组成,其特征是所述药物储库由以下重量百分比的组分组成:作为活性成分的利多卡因3~6%;油相成分10~15%,所述油相成分由1:0.1~0.2:0.2~0.3的月桂醇、油酸和蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚组成;作为水相成分的部分中和聚丙烯酸钠5‑10%,丙三醇10‑15%,羧甲基纤维素钠1.5~2%,聚丙二醇4005%~10%,大豆磷脂0.3%~0.5%,苹果酸0.2%~0.4%,甘羟铝0.2%~0.4%,依地酸钙钠0.1%~0.3%,填充剂1~3%及余量的水。

Description

利多卡因凝胶贴膏
技术领域
本发明涉及以利多卡因为活性成分的凝胶贴膏。
背景技术
利多卡因(2-(二乙氨基)-N-(2,6-二甲基苯基)乙酰胺,CAS:137-58-6,lidocaine,LDC)是一种常见的局部麻醉剂,可以用于局部镇痛。凝胶贴膏(巴布剂,Cataplasm)具有载药量大,促进药物经皮透过,且对皮肤无过敏反应和刺激作用,剥离时无拉痛感且无残留等优点。现有的利多卡因凝胶贴膏产品,由远藤制药((Endo Pharma)最先上市生产,其规格为700mg/13g膏体/140cm2。其采用的辅料为二羟基氨基乙酸铝(甘羟铝)EDTA-2Na,甘油、高岭土、羟苯甲酯,聚丙烯酸,聚乙烯醇,丙二醇、羟苯丙酯,CMC-Na、聚丙烯酸钠,山梨糖醇,酒石酸和尿素。但是从已报道的药代动力学文献中可知,该制剂当依据推荐剂量给药时,LIDODERM中利多卡因仅有给药剂量的3±2%能够被吸收。虽然在给药时血药浓度较低,但其药物释放速度也较慢,其阵痛效果起效较慢。
中国文献——盐酸利多卡因巴布剂的研制及药动学研究(刘婷婷,华中科技大学硕士生论文,2007年5月)公开了一种盐酸利多卡因作为活性成分的巴布剂,其采用盐酸利多卡因作为活性成分后,虽然提高了主药的释放速度,但是血药浓度达峰后迅速下降,生物利用度低于作为参比药物的LIDODERM凝胶贴膏,同时峰值血药浓度也较高,利多卡因血药浓度达到产生全身性反应的阈值的风险较大
中国专利CN2010105530468公开了一种含有利多卡因或其药用盐的皮肤外用制剂,采用将利多卡因或其药用盐可特异性的结合在以保水树脂为凝胶载体的阴离子上,,大大降低了取得相同疗效时制剂中原料药利多卡因或其药用盐的用量,同时减少了辅料的种类和用量,简化了操作工艺,降低了生产成本。然而虽然该文献指出,其实施例提供的制剂在离体透皮实验中表现出了较高的累积释放度,但是从该文献提供的实验数据可以看出,其释药曲线在实验周期末端趋于平缓,说明其药物在释放速度实验周期前期较快而在实验周期末期释放较慢。然而由于利多卡因本身存在全身性作用,其全身作用效果在血药浓度大于150ng/mL时开始体现。且血药浓度同步增长。但在用于局部阵痛时,利多卡因的全身作用实际上是一种副作用,需要通过各种技术手段尽量避免,因此过快的药物释放速度实际对治疗效果并无正面影响,反而会造成体内血药浓度过高(>150ng/mL)而容易产生全身性作用,尤其是当患处面积较大,需要大面积贴敷阵痛的情况下。综合现有技术中利多卡因(及其盐)凝胶贴膏的问题。提供一种新型的能适当提高生物利用度,且能够在整个贴敷周期内释放适量的利多卡因,保持良好镇痛效果的凝胶贴膏成为现有技术中亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为解决前述技术问题,本发明提供了一下技术方案:
利多卡因凝胶贴膏,所述凝胶贴膏由背衬层、药物储库和保护层组成,其特征是所述药物储库由以下重量百分比的组分组成:作为活性成分的利多卡因3~6%;油相成分10~15%,所述油相成分由1:0.1~0.2:0.2~0.3的月桂醇、油酸和蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚组成;作为水相成分的部分中和聚丙烯酸钠5-10%,丙三醇10-15%,羧甲基纤维素钠1.5~2%,聚丙二醇4005%~10%,大豆磷脂0.3%~0.5%,苹果酸0.2%~0.4%,甘羟铝0.2%~0.4%,依地酸钙钠0.1%~0.3%,填充剂1~3%及余量的水;所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中;所述部分中和聚乙烯酸钠为NP700,所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中,所述利多卡因的40%~60%分散于油相中,其余利多卡因分散于水相中。
所述的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,其特征是所述药物储库由以下重量百分比的组分组成:作为活性成分的利多卡因4~5%;油相成分10~15%,所述油相成分由1:0.15~0.2:0.25~0.3的月桂醇、油酸和蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚组成;作为水相成分的NP700 7-9%,丙三醇12-15%,羧甲基纤维素钠1.5~2%,聚丙二醇400 5%~8%,大豆磷脂0.35%~0.45%,苹果酸0.3%~0.4%,甘羟铝0.2%~0.4%,依地酸钙钠0.1%~0.3%,填充剂1.5~2.5%及余量的水;所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中;所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中,所述利多卡因的55%~60%分散于油相中,其余利多卡因分散于水相中。所述填充剂为高岭土。所述蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚选自乳化剂EL20、乳化剂EL-10、乳化剂EL-12、乳化剂EL-20、乳化剂HEL-20;优选为乳化剂HEL20。
在研究中发现,在优选凝胶贴膏各辅料及配比的前提下,将部分利多卡因分散于油相成分,并将其余利多卡因分散于水相成分中,再将油相成分乳化分散于水凝胶中形成药物储库。在优选的处方下,得到的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,既可以快速释药以产生镇痛效果,又可以控制释药速度,将血药浓度控制在较低水平上,使利多卡因在发挥局部镇痛作用的同时,避免血药浓度提升产生全身作用。在研究中我们进一步发现,上述效果同时依赖于油相成分的月桂醇、油酸和蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚组成配比,水相成分中特定比例聚丙二醇400、大豆磷脂和苹果酸的加入,以及利多卡因分散于油水两相的配比。正是三者匹配,使得到的利多卡因凝胶贴膏能够兼顾快速释药与稳定持续释药的性能。在处方筛选时我们进一步发现,改变油相成分及水相成分各自的组分,以及改变利多卡因在油水两相中的配比,均会显著影响到凝胶贴膏的释药性能。且本发明提供的凝胶贴膏,经皮肤刺激性及过敏性试验证明均无明显的皮肤刺激性和致敏性。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中的利多卡因凝胶贴膏按照以下方法制备
1)油相成分配制,将油相成分的原料加热至50-70℃,加入利多卡因(LDC)微粉,搅拌分散得到油相液(1)
2)按处方比例将依地酸钙钠、苹果酸、聚丙二醇400(PPG400)、大豆磷脂和余量利多卡因微粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、高岭土分散于适量的水中,搅拌均匀后得水相液(2);
3)将NP-700、二羟基甘氨酸铝,丙三醇混合、搅拌均匀后得液(3);
4)将油相液(1)和水相液(2)分别加热至60℃~80℃,在搅拌条件下将油相液(1)缓缓加入水相液(2)中得到乳液,再加入液(3),充分搅拌得到膏状的药物储库,将药物储库迅速涂布于背衬层的无纺布上,经静置真空脱气后;在上表面贴附保护层。得到利多卡因凝胶贴膏。得到的利多卡因凝胶贴膏的规格为14g药物储库/140cm2背衬层
所有实施例及对照例中,部分中和聚丙烯酸钠为NP700(Showa Denko kk生产),填充剂为2%高岭土。
背衬层为无纺布,保护层为聚乙烯(PET)膜。
实施例1~8的配方见下表(填充剂为2%高岭土,余量为水)
与实施例1~9相比,对照例1~4的配方中在实施例8/9的优选技术方案基础上,分别不加入大豆磷脂、苹果酸(对照例1),不加入PPG400(适当增加丙三醇用量)(对照例2),在油性成分中不加入油酸(适当增加月桂醇)(对照例3),及不加入蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚并适当增加油酸用量(对照例4)。对照例5/6则改变水相与油相中的利多卡因微粉配比。
通过对实施例1~9得到的凝胶贴膏进行考察,可知其外观平整、均匀,药物储库膏体光滑;成型性、含膏量、初粘力、粘附性以及膜残留量均符合要求。
药理实施例1,体外透皮实验
方法详见陆彬主编《药物新剂型与新技术》中的经皮给药新剂型。采用改良Franz扩散池法,以离体3月龄大鼠腹部皮肤为屏障,用实施例1~6及对照例1~6制备得到的巴布贴剂进行进行体外透皮试验。具体实验方法为:
取3月龄健康大鼠麻醉处死后,用剪刀除尽腹部毛,取下无损伤的皮肤,除去皮下组织,洗净后分别固定于Franz扩散池的释放口,接受室中加入pH7.4磷酸缓冲液作释放介质,保持内皮层与溶液密切接触。将揭去保护层的凝胶贴膏贴于皮肤上,调节水浴使外层套层温度恒定于(37±0.5)℃,搅拌速度为300rpm,分别于0、0.25h、1h、2h、3h、4h、6h、8h、12h、24h、吸取释放介质2ml,同时补加等量PBS液。取市售计算累计吸收百分数(即累计透过的利多卡因占药物储库中利多卡因总量的百分比分数)结果如下表
上述结果表明,本发明实施例提供的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,在进行体外透皮吸收实验时,24h的累计药物透过率均高于参比药物,且其初始2h内的药物释放率有显著提高,此后随时间增加释放度缓慢增加。而对照例中除对照例5以外初始2h内的药物释放率均较低,而对照例5的药物释放速度过高。说明本发明采用的技术方案中,通过分别优选油相成分与水相成分的组成,既适当提高了利多卡因凝胶贴膏的透皮吸收速度,又能够控制药物在整个敷贴时间段内较为均匀的缓慢释放,实现了两种特性的平衡。通过与对比例的对照实验表明,改变处方,或改变油水相中利多卡因的加入量,均会影响的利多卡因释放效果。
药理实施例2,药代动力学实验(兔)
取日本大耳白兔,体重2.0±0.2kg,随机平均分组,每组雌雄兼用,每组8只。给药前一天用脱毛剂将兔背脊柱两侧的毛脱去,脱毛面积约为25cm×15cm,同时给药前12h禁食不禁水。各组的给药剂量均为50mg/kg,贴片分贴于背脊柱两侧,于给药后15min、30min、1、2、3、4、6、8、12、24h时分别取兔耳缘静脉血2mL,检测血药浓度(ng/mL)。数据以均数±标准差的方式表示,数据采用Excel进行处理。
分组及检测结果如下(ng/mL)(n=8,means±s)
实验结果表明,本发明实施例提供的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,与参比药物相比在,在给药1h后血药浓度即达300ng/mL作用,但此后血药浓度在较长时间(12h内)保持内保持在接近300ng/mL的水平上。采用各实施例得到的凝胶贴膏的实验组2~10以参比药物为基准计算的相对生物利用度均大于100%,而除了采用对照例5的实验组15以外,采用其他对照例的实验组的相对生物利用度均小于实验组2~10。实验组12(对照例2)和实验组15(对照例5)中实验动物的血药浓度峰值显著高于参比药物和其他药物,说明其不能有效控制药物释放,容易产生利多卡因的全身作用。

Claims (5)

1.利多卡因凝胶贴膏,所述凝胶贴膏由背衬层、药物储库和保护层组成,其特征是所述药物储库由以下重量百分比的组分组成:作为活性成分的利多卡因3~6%;油相成分10~15%,所述油相成分由1:0.1~0.2:0.2~0.3的月桂醇、油酸和蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚组成;作为水相成分的部分中和聚丙烯酸钠5-10%,丙三醇10-15%,羧甲基纤维素钠1.5~2%,聚丙二醇400 5%~10%,大豆磷脂0.3%~0.5%,苹果酸0.2%~0.4%,甘羟铝0.2%~0.4%,依地酸钙钠0.1%~0.3%,填充剂1~3%及余量的水;所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中;所述部分中和聚乙烯酸钠为NP700,所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中,所述利多卡因的40%~60%分散于油相中,其余利多卡因分散于水相中。
2.如权利要求1所述的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,其特征是所述药物储库由以下重量百分比的组分组成:作为活性成分的利多卡因4.5~5.5%;油相成分10~15%,所述油相成分由1:0.15~0.2:0.25~0.3的月桂醇、油酸和蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚组成;作为水相成分的NP700 7-9%,丙三醇12-15%,羧甲基纤维素钠1.5~2%,聚丙二醇400 5%~8%,大豆磷脂0.35%~0.45%,苹果酸0.3%~0.4%,甘羟铝0.2%~0.4%,依地酸钙钠0.1%~0.3%,填充剂1.5~2.5%及余量的水;所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中;所述油相成分乳化分散于水相成分中,所述利多卡因的55%~60%分散于油相中,其余利多卡因分散于水相中。
3.如权利要求2所述的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,其特征在于,所述填充剂为高岭土。
4.如权利要求1~3任一所述的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,其特征在于所述蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚选自乳化剂EL20、乳化剂EL-10、乳化剂EL-12、乳化剂EL-20、乳化剂HEL-20。
5.如权利要求4所述的利多卡因凝胶贴膏,其特征在于所述蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚为乳化剂HEL20。
CN201811126829.0A 2018-09-26 2018-09-26 利多卡因凝胶贴膏 Pending CN109172546A (zh)

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